Investigation of the Relationships Among Academic Staff’s Attitudes Toward Artificial Intelligence, Lifelong Learning Trends, and Social Innovation Levels in Faculties of Sports Sciences

Tansu Kurtuldu

doi:10.53434/gbesbd.1837841

Investigation of the Relationships Among Academic Staff’s Attitudes Toward Artificial Intelligence, Lifelong Learning Trends, and Social Innovation Levels in Faculties of Sports Sciences

Abstract

This study aims to examine the relationships between academics’ attitudes toward artificial intelligence, their lifelong learning trends, and levels of social innovation within faculties of sport sciences. A total of 224 academic staff members participated in the study, comprising 132 men and 92 women, all employed in the faculties of sport sciences at various universities. During the data collection process, the "General Attitude Toward Artificial Intelligence Scale," the "Lifelong Learning Trends Scale," and the "Social Innovation Scale" were used. For data analysis, Independent Samples T-Test, One-Way ANOVA, and Pearson Correlation analysis were conducted using SPSS 25.0. The results revealed a statistically significant positive relationship between the participants’ attitudes toward artificial intelligence and their lifelong learning trends (p<0.05). Additionally, a significant positive correlation was found between positive attitudes toward artificial intelligence and levels of social innovation among academic staff (p<0.05). It was also observed that attitudes toward artificial intelligence and lifelong learning trends varied significantly according to age groups and perceived technological competence (p<0.05). However, no significant differences were found in levels of social innovation based on demographic variables (p>0.05). In conclusion, the findings suggest that positive attitudes toward artificial intelligence among academic staff in faculties of sport sciences positively influence their lifelong learning trends and social innovation levels.

Keywords

References

Arias, J., Salas, J. I., Chiappe, A., & Sáez Delgado, F. (2025). The extended education 4.0: Lifelong learning in times of artificial intelligence. Applied Sciences, 15(9), 9352. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15179352
Artut, S. (2019). Expansions of the phenomenon of artificial intelligence in contemporary art works. Human & Human, 6(22), 767-783. https://doi.org/10.29224/insanveinsan.478162
Atılgan, D., & Tükel, Y. (2021). Individual innovation perceptions of coaches and physical education teachers. EKEV Academy Journal, 25(86), 171-189.
Ayaz, C. (2016). Investigation of Lifelong Learning Tendencies of Teachers in Terms of Some Variables (Mardin Province Example), (Unpublished Master's Thesis), Bartın University, Institute of Educational Sciences, Bartın.
Ayçiçek, B., & Yanpar Yelken, T. (2016). Examining the lifelong learning competencies and lifelong learning habits of faculty members in education faculties. Mersin University Journal of Education Faculty, 12(3), 872–884. https://doi.org/10.17860/mersinefd.282387
Aydın, B. (2018). The Relationship Between Classroom Teacher Candidates' Lifelong Learning Tendencies and Career Development Desires, (Unpublished Master's Thesis), Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University, Institute of Educational Sciences, Bolu.
Babanlı, N. (2018). Lifelong Learning Competencies of Adult Education Trainees, (Unpublished Master's Thesis), Istanbul Aydın University, Institute of Social Sciences, Istanbul.
Carlson, E.R. (2016). Lifelong learning and professional development. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 74(5), 875-876. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2016.01.018

Chen, L., Chen, P., & Lin, Z. (2020). Artificial intelligence in education: A review. IEEE Access, 8, 75264-75278. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2988510
Chikhaoui, E., Alajmi, A., & Larabi-Marie-Sainte, S. (2022). Artificial intelligence applications in healthcare sector: Ethical and legal challenges. Emerging Science Journal, 6(4), 717-727. https://doi.org/10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-04-05
Chintalapati, S., & Pandey, S. K. (2022). Artificial intelligence in marketing: A systematic literature review. International Journal of Market Research, 64(1), 38-68. https://doi.org/10.1177/14707853211018428
Collins, J. (2004). Education techniques for lifelong learning: Principles of adult learning. RadioGraphic, 24(5), 1483-1489. https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.245045020
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2017). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage Publications.
Demirel, M. (2009). Lifelong learning and schools in the twenty-first century. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 1(1), 1709-1716. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2009.01.303
Diker-Coşkun, Y., & Demirel, M. (2012). Lifelong learning tendencies of university students. Hacettepe University Faculty of Education Journal, 42, 108–120.
Edwards-Fapohunda, M. O., & Adediji, M. A. (2024). Sustainable development of distance learning in continuing adult education: The impact of artificial intelligence. IRE Journals, 8(1), 113-118.
Eker, C., & Halıcı-Gürbüz, S. (2024). Mathematics teachers' perceptions of competence towards the use of artificial intelligence in mathematics lessons. Journal of Social, Human and Administrative Sciences, 7(7), 513-528. https://doi.org/10.26677/TR1010.2024.1425
Elfert, M. (2017). UNESCO, the World Bank, and the struggle over education for development through the lens of the Faure Report (1972) and the Delors Report (1996). L'Éducation en débats: Analyse Comparée, 8(1), 5-21. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.22688.25607
Elmsellem, H. (2025). Artificial intelligence and productivity: Essential tools to save time. International Journal for Interdisciplinary Scientific Advancements (IJISA), 6(1), 240-253.
Emon, M. M. H., & Khan, T. (2025). The mediating role of attitude towards the technology in shaping artificial intelligence usage among professionals. Telematics and Informatics Reports, 17, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.teler.2025.100188
Eren, H. (2010). A Model Proposal for Measuring the Effect of University Students' Social Innovation Capacities on Technological Innovation Tendencies, (Unpublished PhD Thesis), Turkish Military Academy, Institute of Defense Sciences, Ankara.
Erol, Z., Karasoy, G., & Yıldırım, B. (2021). Social innovation-oriented applications in the field of social services: The example of public institutions. Society and Social Service, 32(2), 623-641. https://doi.org/10.33417/tsh.866964
Escuder-Mollon, P. (2012). Modeling the impact of lifelong learning on senior citizens' quality of life. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 46, 2339-2346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.05.481
Eti, HS (2025). Artificial intelligence in higher education: Student attitudes and academics' opinions. Journal of Economic, Administrative and Political Research, 10(26), 132-153. https://doi.org/10.25204/iktisad.1588001
Fejes, A. (2009). Active democratic citizenship and lifelong learning: A governmentality analysis. In M. Bron Jr., P. Guimarães, & R. Vieira de Castro (Eds.), The state, civil society and the citizen: Exploring relationships in the field of adult education in Europe (pp. 79–95). Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.
George, D., & Mallery, P. (2019). IBM SPSS statistics 26 step by step: A simple guide and reference. Routledge.
Ghatge, S. K., & Parasar, A. (2023). Application of artificial intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), and big data in healthcare, finance, and transportation. PriMera Scientific Medicine and Public Health, 2(6), 27-36. https://doi.org/10.56831/PSMPH-02-067
Gür-Erdoğan, D., & Arsal, Z. (2016). The development of lifelong learning trends scale. Sakarya University Journal of Education, 6(1), 114-122. https://doi.org/10.19126/suje.32361
Hair, J. F., Page, M., & Brunsveld, N. (2019a). Essentials of business research methods (4th ed.). New York, NY: Routledge. Hake, B. (2019). Learning landscapes in Europe: Historical perspectives on organized adult learning 1917–1939. Pedagogia Oggi, 17(2), 79-87. https://doi.org/10.7346/PO-022019-05
Haseski, H. İ. M. (2015). Factors Affecting Lifelong Learning Characteristics According to Academic Staff: The Example of Anadolu University, (Unpublished PhD Thesis), Anadolu University, Institute of Educational Sciences, Eskişehir.
Hashim, S., Omar, M.K., Ab Jalil, H., & Mohd Sharef, N.M. (2022). Trends on technologies and artificial intelligence in education for personalized learning: Systematic literature review. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 11(1), 884-903. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARPED/v11-i1/12230
Jatto, V.O., Olayemi, O. M., & Fakunle, M. S. (2024). AI and lifelong learning: Examining AI's role in lifelong learning and professional development. Library Philosophy and Practice, Article 8273. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/8273
Kandemir, F., & Azizoğlu, F. (2024). Examining the general attitudes of nurses towards artificial intelligence. Journal of Intensive Care Nursing, 28(2), 113-125. https://doi.org/10.5455/JICN.2024071601
Kapur, S. (2015). Understanding the characteristics of an adult learner. Jamia Journal of Education: An International Biannual Publication, 2(1), 111-121.
Karaoğlan-Yılmaz, F. G., & Binay-Eyuboğlu, F. A. (2018). Examining the relationship between teachers' lifelong learning attitudes, digital nativeness status and technology acceptance with each other and in terms of various variables. International Journal of Education Science and Technology, 4(1), 1-17.
Kaya, F., Aydin, F., Schepman, A., Rodway, P., Yetişensoy, O., & Demir Kaya, M. (2022). The roles of personality traits, AI anxiety, and demographic factors in attitudes toward artificial intelligence. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2022.2151730
Kaya, M. (2021). Artificial intelligence in Industry 4.0 and Turkey. Fırat University Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences International Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 5(2), 63-78.
Khanna, D. (2018). Use of artificial intelligence in healthcare and medicine. International Journal of Innovations in Engineering Research and Technology, 5(12), 21–27. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2535825
Kılıç, H. (2015). Individual Innovation Levels and Lifelong Learning Tendencies of Primary School Branch Teachers (Denizli Province Example), (Unpublished Master's Thesis), Pamukkale University, Institute of Educational Sciences, Denizli.
Kostetska, I., & Berezyak, I. (2014). Social entrepreneurship as an innovative solution mechanism of social problems of society. Management Theory and Studies for Rural Business and Infrastructure Development, 36(3), 569-579.
Koteluk, O., Wartecki, A., Mazurek, S., Kołodziejczak, I., & Mackiewicz, A. (2021). How do machines learn? Artificial intelligence as a new era in medicine. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 11(1), 32. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm11010032
Kühl, N., Schemmer, M., Goutier, M., & Satzger, G. (2022). Artificial intelligence or machine learning? Untangling concepts and terminology for AI-based information systems. Electronic Markets, 32, 2235-2244. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12525-022-00598-0
Lisetchi, M., & Brancu, L. (2014). The entrepreneurship concept as a subject of social innovation. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 124, 87-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.02.463
Maedche, A., Legner, C., Benlian, A., Berger, B., Gimpel, H., Hess, T., Hinz, O., Morana, S., & Söllner, M. (2019). AI-based digital assistants: Opportunities, threats, and research perspectives. Business & Information Systems Engineering, 61(4), 535-544. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12599-019-00600-8
Mahmoud, C. F., & Sørensen, J. T. (2024). Artificial intelligence in personalized learning with a focus on current developments and future prospects. Research and Advances in Education, 3(8), 25–36. https://doi.org/10.56397/RAE.2024.08.04
Manbaki, D. (2023). Investigation of Teachers' Individual Innovation Levels and Lifelong Learning Tendencies, (Unpublished Master's Thesis), Bursa Uludağ University, Institute of Educational Sciences, Bursa.
Melweth, H. M. A., Al Mdawi, A. M. M., Alkahtani, A. S., & Badawy, W. B. M. (2023). The role of artificial intelligence technologies in enhancing education and fostering emotional intelligence for academic success. Migration Letters, 20(S9), 863-874.
Mijwel, M. M. (2015). History of artificial intelligence. Computer Science, 3-4.
Monzon, N., & Hays, F. A. (2025). Leveraging generative artificial intelligence to improve motivation and retrieval in higher education learners. JMIR Medical Education, 11, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.2196/59210
Morrison, K., Iqbal, S. T., & Horvitz, E. (2024). AI-powered reminders for collaborative tasks: Experiences and futures. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, 8, 210. https://doi.org/10.1145/3653701
Mutlu-Bayraktar, D. (2012). Individual innovation levels of faculty members and their adoption of Web 2.0 tools. Hasan Ali Yücel Journal of Education Faculty, 18(2), 35-47.
Nikolenko, O., & Astapenko, E. (2023). The attitude of young people to the use of artificial intelligence. E3S Web of Conferences, 460, 05013. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202346005013
Panigrahi, A., & Joshi, V. (2020). Use of artificial intelligence in education. The Management Accountant, 55(5), 64-68.
Pertiwi, R.W.L., Kulsum, L.U., & Hanifah, I.A. (2024). Evaluating the impact of artificial intelligence-based learning methods on students' motivation and academic achievement. International Journal of Post Axial: Futuristic Teaching and Learning, 2(1), 49-58. https://journal.amorphati.id/index.php/postaxial
Peterson, R. A. (1994). A meta-analysis of Cronbach´s coefficient alpha. Journal of Consumer Research, 21, 381–391.
Phillips, W., Lee, H., Ghobadian, A., O'Regan, N., & James, P. (2015). Social innovation and social entrepreneurship: A systematic review. Group & Organization Management, 40(3), 428-461. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601114560063
Poquet, O., & de Laat, M. (2021). Developing capabilities: Lifelong learning in the age of AI. British Journal of Educational Technology, 52(4), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.13123
Rajaraman, V. (2014). John McCarthy – Father of Artificial Intelligence. Resonance, 19(3), 198-207. https://doi.org/10.1145/257874.257878
Seçkin-Halaç, D., Eren, H., & Bulut, Ç. (2014). Social innovation: A scale development study. Hacettepe University Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 32(1), 165–190. https://doi.org/10.17065/huiibf.48390
Şeker, Ö., Kwon, K., & Koçak, Ö. (2025). Exploring researchers' artificial intelligence (AI) literacy: The mediating role of digital literacy and data literacy between 21st century skills and AI literacy. Information Development, https://doi.org/10.1177/02666669251336368
Shaheen, MY (2021). Applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare: A review. ScienceOpen Preprints. https://doi.org/10.14293/S2199-1006.1.SOR-.PPVRY8K.v1
Sharma, K., Giannakos, M., & Dillenbourg, P. (2020). Eye-tracking and artificial intelligence to enhance motivation and learning. Smart Learning Environments, 7(13). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-020-00122-x
Tanimoto, K., & Doi, M. (2007). Social innovation cluster in action: A case study of the San Francisco Bay Area. Hitotsubashi Journal of Commerce and Management, 41(1), 1-17.
Tatar, Ş. B., & Arslan, F. M. (2017). The concept of social innovation: A literature review. International Journal of Academic Value Studies, 3(12), 321-338.
Terenko, O. (2022). Historical and pedagogical peculiarities of adult education development in the USA in the early 20th century. Comparative Professional Pedagogy, 12(1), 15-22. https://doi.org/10.31891/2308-4081/2022-12(1)-2
Ulutaş, B. K., & Akyol, B. (2023). Lifelong learning tendencies of faculty members: A mixed methods study. International Journal of the Quest for Excellence in Social Sciences, 5, 93-121.
Vasin, S. M., Gamidullaeva, L. A., & Rostovskaya, T. K. (2017). The challenge of social innovation: Approaches and key mechanisms of development. European Research Studies Journal, 20(2), 25-45.
Yadrovskaia, M., Porksheyan, M., Petrova, A., Dudukalova, D., & Bulygin, Y. (2023). About the attitude towards artificial intelligence technologies. E3S Web of Conferences, 376, 05025. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202337605025
Yaman, F. (2014). Investigation of Lifelong Learning Tendencies of Teachers (Diyarbakir Province Example), (Unpublished Master's Thesis), Dicle University, Institute of Educational Sciences, Diyarbakir.
Yeşilbaş Özenç, Y., & Başaran, R. (2024). Lifelong learning and artificial intelligence. Sinop University Faculty of Education Journal, 1(1), 101-125.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Physical Training and Sports Pedagogy

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Tansu Kurtuldu ^*
0000-0002-2525-2277
Türkiye

Publication Date

June 30, 2026

Submission Date

December 7, 2025

Acceptance Date

May 7, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 32 Number: 2

DOI

https://doi.org/10.53434/gbesbd.1837841

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA34NC59YR

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Kurtuldu, T. (2026). Investigation of the Relationships Among Academic Staff’s Attitudes Toward Artificial Intelligence, Lifelong Learning Trends, and Social Innovation Levels in Faculties of Sports Sciences. Gazi Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 32(2), 70-82. https://doi.org/10.53434/gbesbd.1837841

AMA

1.Kurtuldu T. Investigation of the Relationships Among Academic Staff’s Attitudes Toward Artificial Intelligence, Lifelong Learning Trends, and Social Innovation Levels in Faculties of Sports Sciences. Gazi JPESS. 2026;32(2):70-82. doi:10.53434/gbesbd.1837841

Chicago

Kurtuldu, Tansu. 2026. “Investigation of the Relationships Among Academic Staff’s Attitudes Toward Artificial Intelligence, Lifelong Learning Trends, and Social Innovation Levels in Faculties of Sports Sciences”. Gazi Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences 32 (2): 70-82. https://doi.org/10.53434/gbesbd.1837841.

EndNote

Kurtuldu T (June 1, 2026) Investigation of the Relationships Among Academic Staff’s Attitudes Toward Artificial Intelligence, Lifelong Learning Trends, and Social Innovation Levels in Faculties of Sports Sciences. Gazi Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences 32 2 70–82.

IEEE

[1]T. Kurtuldu, “Investigation of the Relationships Among Academic Staff’s Attitudes Toward Artificial Intelligence, Lifelong Learning Trends, and Social Innovation Levels in Faculties of Sports Sciences”, Gazi JPESS, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 70–82, June 2026, doi: 10.53434/gbesbd.1837841.

ISNAD

Kurtuldu, Tansu. “Investigation of the Relationships Among Academic Staff’s Attitudes Toward Artificial Intelligence, Lifelong Learning Trends, and Social Innovation Levels in Faculties of Sports Sciences”. Gazi Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences 32/2 (June 1, 2026): 70-82. https://doi.org/10.53434/gbesbd.1837841.

JAMA

1.Kurtuldu T. Investigation of the Relationships Among Academic Staff’s Attitudes Toward Artificial Intelligence, Lifelong Learning Trends, and Social Innovation Levels in Faculties of Sports Sciences. Gazi JPESS. 2026;32:70–82.

MLA

Kurtuldu, Tansu. “Investigation of the Relationships Among Academic Staff’s Attitudes Toward Artificial Intelligence, Lifelong Learning Trends, and Social Innovation Levels in Faculties of Sports Sciences”. Gazi Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, vol. 32, no. 2, June 2026, pp. 70-82, doi:10.53434/gbesbd.1837841.

Vancouver

1.Tansu Kurtuldu. Investigation of the Relationships Among Academic Staff’s Attitudes Toward Artificial Intelligence, Lifelong Learning Trends, and Social Innovation Levels in Faculties of Sports Sciences. Gazi JPESS. 2026 Jun. 1;32(2):70-82. doi:10.53434/gbesbd.1837841