A Multidimensional Analysis of Self-Perceived Performance in Competitive Athletes: Psychometric Evaluation and Associations with Athlete Characteristics

Mesut Süleymanoğulları

doi:10.53434/gbesbd.1993667

A Multidimensional Analysis of Self-Perceived Performance in Competitive Athletes: Psychometric Evaluation and Associations with Athlete Characteristics

Abstract

Self-perceived athletic performance complements objective indicators by reflecting athletes’ physical, technical, tactical, psychological, and environmental evaluations. This cross-sectional study evaluated the internal consistency and factorial validity of the Self-Perceived Performance Scale (SAPÖ) and its associations with athlete characteristics. Participants competed in football, karate, judo, volleyball, basketball, or athletics in Türkiye (N = 370; age M = 21.38, SD = 4.30 years; 219 men [59.2%] and 151 women [40.8%]; 272 local-level [73.5%], 48 national-level [13.0%], and 50 international-level [13.5%] athletes; sport experience M = 6.17, SD = 4.03 years). Analyses included Cronbach’s α, McDonald’s ω, WLSMV confirmatory factor analysis, and Type III MANCOVA. Internal consistency was acceptable to good for the subscales (α = .758–.844; ω = .770–.848) and high for the total score (α = .937; ω = .959). Although CFI and TLI were strong (.971 and .967), elevated RMSEA and SRMR values, near-unity latent-factor correlations, and a non-positive definite latent covariance matrix indicated mixed evidence and unresolved structural limitations. Sport discipline, age, and sport experience were associated with the combined SAPÖ profile; sex, competition level (p = .054), and national-team status were not significant. The smallest unadjusted follow-up p values occurred for Physical Perception; without multiplicity control across outcomes, these analyses were exploratory. Scores were internally consistent, but unresolved factorial limitations and the cross-sectional design preclude causal or stand-alone diagnostic interpretation. SAPÖ scores may provisionally complement objective indicators and athlete–practitioner discussion, but not independently determine selection, diagnosis, ranking, or training modification.

Keywords

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Exercise Physiology

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Mesut Süleymanoğulları ^*
0000-0001-5867-2844
Türkiye

Publication Date

September 30, 2026

Submission Date

July 13, 2026

Acceptance Date

September 1, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 31 Number: 3

DOI

https://doi.org/10.53434/gbesbd.1993667

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA99CC74YC

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Süleymanoğulları, M. (2026). A Multidimensional Analysis of Self-Perceived Performance in Competitive Athletes: Psychometric Evaluation and Associations with Athlete Characteristics. Gazi Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 31(3), 164-175. https://doi.org/10.53434/gbesbd.1993667

AMA

1.Süleymanoğulları M. A Multidimensional Analysis of Self-Perceived Performance in Competitive Athletes: Psychometric Evaluation and Associations with Athlete Characteristics. Gazi JPESS. 2026;31(3):164-175. doi:10.53434/gbesbd.1993667

Chicago

Süleymanoğulları, Mesut. 2026. “A Multidimensional Analysis of Self-Perceived Performance in Competitive Athletes: Psychometric Evaluation and Associations With Athlete Characteristics”. Gazi Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences 31 (3): 164-75. https://doi.org/10.53434/gbesbd.1993667.

EndNote

Süleymanoğulları M (September 1, 2026) A Multidimensional Analysis of Self-Perceived Performance in Competitive Athletes: Psychometric Evaluation and Associations with Athlete Characteristics. Gazi Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences 31 3 164–175.

IEEE

[1]M. Süleymanoğulları, “A Multidimensional Analysis of Self-Perceived Performance in Competitive Athletes: Psychometric Evaluation and Associations with Athlete Characteristics”, Gazi JPESS, vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 164–175, Sept. 2026, doi: 10.53434/gbesbd.1993667.

ISNAD

Süleymanoğulları, Mesut. “A Multidimensional Analysis of Self-Perceived Performance in Competitive Athletes: Psychometric Evaluation and Associations With Athlete Characteristics”. Gazi Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences 31/3 (September 1, 2026): 164-175. https://doi.org/10.53434/gbesbd.1993667.

JAMA

1.Süleymanoğulları M. A Multidimensional Analysis of Self-Perceived Performance in Competitive Athletes: Psychometric Evaluation and Associations with Athlete Characteristics. Gazi JPESS. 2026;31:164–175.

MLA

Süleymanoğulları, Mesut. “A Multidimensional Analysis of Self-Perceived Performance in Competitive Athletes: Psychometric Evaluation and Associations With Athlete Characteristics”. Gazi Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, vol. 31, no. 3, Sept. 2026, pp. 164-75, doi:10.53434/gbesbd.1993667.

Vancouver

1.Mesut Süleymanoğulları. A Multidimensional Analysis of Self-Perceived Performance in Competitive Athletes: Psychometric Evaluation and Associations with Athlete Characteristics. Gazi JPESS. 2026 Sep. 1;31(3):164-75. doi:10.53434/gbesbd.1993667