Research Article

THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF WOMEN’S INVOLVEMENT IN SPORTS IN WESTERN CULTURES

Volume: 16 Number: 3 July 15, 2011
  • Uğur Altay Memiş
  • İbrahim Yıldıran
EN TR

THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF WOMEN’S INVOLVEMENT IN SPORTS IN WESTERN CULTURES

Abstract

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the historical development of the level of women’si nvolvement in physical activities, their appearance, especially in Ancient Olympics, Middle Age, Enlightenment Period and in the beginning of Modern Olympics considering the effects of religious and cultural elements of those periods. The first remarkable culture on western land emerged in Mycenae, the center of principate in East Peloponnese since 1600 BC. The close relation of Mycenaean sport with the military needs did not make it possible for women to take part equally as men. Musical-esthetical elements emerged in Mycenaean body culture in 16th century BC with Crete influence, which gave rise to some important opportunities for women to train their bodies. However, it was forbidden for married women to join the Ancient Olympics, held in the same geography, actively or passively for religious reasons, and education of teenage girls was not possible in the school system of Classical Age Athens, which was mostly based on physical education. The only exception was Sparta. Women were kept away from all kinds of sport activities in Middle Age, especially in the first centuries of the spread of Christianity in Europe. Women in the royalty were only able to do the activities limited to riding, dance and ball games, which were just for fun in chivalry period, which appeared in the 11th- 12th centuries. Women involvement in sport activities in national ceremonies became more common although it was not mentioned in the Humanism Age education system, which was inspired by the ideals in the Ancient Age. Nevertheless, it can be easily seen that when it is compared with the improvement of America (it declared its independence in the 18th century) in women sports like its improvements in many other fields, Europe did not give enough importance to women sports even in the 19th century. Hence, it was not possible for women to take part even in Modern Olympic Games, started by Pierre de Coubertin in 1896 just like in ancient times. However, despite Coubertin, the efforts of some women movements led by sportswomen enabled women involvement in the second olympics in Paris in 1900. The efforts since then have brought about a large rise in the number of women branches in sports and the women involved in sports in all cultures.


Keywords

References

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  2. 2. Bandy, S. J. (2000). Women & Sport From Antiquity to the I9th Century, Olympic Review, 31 (Febr-March), 18-22.
  3. 3. Bohus, J. (1986). Sportgeschichte: Gesellschaft und Sport von Mykene bis heute. München, Wien, Zürich: BLV Verlagsgesellschaft.
  4. 4. Bouchier, N. B. (1998). Let Us Take Care of Our Field: The National Association for Physical Education of College Women and World War II, Journal of Sport History, 25(1): 65-86.
  5. 5. Butts, R. F. (1955). A Cultural History of Western Education. London: McGraw-Hill Book Company.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

-

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Uğur Altay Memiş This is me

İbrahim Yıldıran This is me

Publication Date

July 15, 2011

Submission Date

April 9, 2017

Acceptance Date

May 2, 2011

Published in Issue

Year 2011 Volume: 16 Number: 3

APA
Memiş, U. A., & Yıldıran, İ. (2011). THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF WOMEN’S INVOLVEMENT IN SPORTS IN WESTERN CULTURES. Gazi Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 16(3), 17-26. https://izlik.org/JA58FN26LP
AMA
1.Memiş UA, Yıldıran İ. THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF WOMEN’S INVOLVEMENT IN SPORTS IN WESTERN CULTURES. Gazi JPESS. 2011;16(3):17-26. https://izlik.org/JA58FN26LP
Chicago
Memiş, Uğur Altay, and İbrahim Yıldıran. 2011. “THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF WOMEN’S INVOLVEMENT IN SPORTS IN WESTERN CULTURES”. Gazi Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences 16 (3): 17-26. https://izlik.org/JA58FN26LP.
EndNote
Memiş UA, Yıldıran İ (July 1, 2011) THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF WOMEN’S INVOLVEMENT IN SPORTS IN WESTERN CULTURES. Gazi Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences 16 3 17–26.
IEEE
[1]U. A. Memiş and İ. Yıldıran, “THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF WOMEN’S INVOLVEMENT IN SPORTS IN WESTERN CULTURES”, Gazi JPESS, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 17–26, July 2011, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA58FN26LP
ISNAD
Memiş, Uğur Altay - Yıldıran, İbrahim. “THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF WOMEN’S INVOLVEMENT IN SPORTS IN WESTERN CULTURES”. Gazi Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences 16/3 (July 1, 2011): 17-26. https://izlik.org/JA58FN26LP.
JAMA
1.Memiş UA, Yıldıran İ. THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF WOMEN’S INVOLVEMENT IN SPORTS IN WESTERN CULTURES. Gazi JPESS. 2011;16:17–26.
MLA
Memiş, Uğur Altay, and İbrahim Yıldıran. “THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF WOMEN’S INVOLVEMENT IN SPORTS IN WESTERN CULTURES”. Gazi Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, vol. 16, no. 3, July 2011, pp. 17-26, https://izlik.org/JA58FN26LP.
Vancouver
1.Uğur Altay Memiş, İbrahim Yıldıran. THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF WOMEN’S INVOLVEMENT IN SPORTS IN WESTERN CULTURES. Gazi JPESS [Internet]. 2011 Jul. 1;16(3):17-26. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA58FN26LP

Gazi Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences is a scientific and peer-reviewed journal published quarterly.