Fitness ve Wellness Eğitmenliği: Kavramsal Bir Yaklaşım

Öz

Son on yılda, dünyada ve ülkemizde sağlık ve fitness sektörüne artan ilgi ve gelişmeye paralel olarak, egzersiz ile ilgili bireylere çeşitli sebeplerle rehberlik etmek amacıyla kullanılan “eğitmenlik” kavramına gösterilen ilgi artmıştır. Nitekim, Amerikan Spor Hekimliği Koleji’ne göre, hem fitness eğitmenliği hem de wellness eğitmenliği dünya genelindeki fitness trendlerinde ilk on içinde yer almaktadır. Ülkemizde bu denli öneme sahip olan sağlık ve fitness tesislerinde sunulan hizmetin temelini oluşturan fitness ve wellness kavramları başta özel sektör olmak üzere birçok alanda birbirinin yerine veya yanlış anlamda kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, sağlık ve fitness tesisleri yönetici ve çalışanları için fitness ve wellness kavramlarına açıklık getirerek, eğitmenlik anlayışındaki farklılıklarını ortaya koymaktır. Bu çalışmada tarama yöntemi kullanılmıştır. İlgili literature ulaşmak amacıyla spor, sağlık ve egzersiz konusundaki önde gelen kuruluşların 2013-2019 yılları arasındaki yayınları incelenmiştir. Fitness eğitmenleri, insanların bireysel olarak sağlık ve fitness hedeflerine ulaşmaları için güvenli ve etkili egzersiz programları tasarlayacak bilgi, eğitim ve beceriye sahip olan kişilerdir. Wellness eğitmenliği ise, insanları daha iyi bir yaşam ile ilgili hedeflerine ulaşmaları için onlara yardım eden ve cesaretlendiren, birey yada gruplarla çalışan, eğitimleri ve geçmişleri çeşitlilik gösteren kişilerdir. Wellness eğitmenliğinin doğasında spesifik bir öğreticilik yoktur, fitness eğitmenliğinde öğreticilik söz konusudur. Fitness eğitmenlerinin aksine, wellness eğitmenleri üyelerine tam olarak ne yapmaları gerektiğini söyleyen değil, onlara ne isteğini ve nedenini soran, isteklerine nasıl ulaşacaklarıyla ilgili onlarla işbirliği yapan kişilerdir. Sonuç olarak, her iki kavram da bireylerin sağlıklı yaşam sürdürmeleri, zinde kalmalarına yönelik amaçlara hizmet etse de eğitmenlik anlayışları açısından bir çok farklılık göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Fitness,Wellness,Eğitmenlik

Fitness and Wellness Coaching: A Conceptual Approach

Abstract

In the last decade, in parallel with the growing interest and development in the health and fitness sector in the world and in our country, the interest in the concept of “coaching”, which is used to guide individuals about exercise for various reasons, has increased. Thus, according to the American College of Sports Medicine, both personal fitness coaching and wellness coaching are among the top ten in fitness trends worldwide. The concepts of fitness and wellness, which form the basis of the service offered in health and fitness facilities, which are of such importance in our country, are used interchangeably or incorrectly in many areas, especially in the private sector. The purpose of this study is to clarify the concepts of wellness and fitness and to reveal their differences in the understanding of coaching for managers and employees in health and fitness centers. In this study, review method was used. In order to reach the related literature, the publications of the leading organizations in the fields of sports, health and exercise between 2013-2019 were viewed. Fitness coaches are people who have the knowledge, training and skills to design safe and effective exercise programs to help people achieve their individual health and fitness goals. Wellness coaches are people who help and encourage people to reach their goals related to a better life, work with individuals or groups, and have a diverse education and background. There is no specific instructiveness in the nature of a wellness trainer, while a fitness trainer is instructiveness. Unlike fitness instructors, wellness instructors are people who do not tell their members exactly what to do, but ask them what they want and why, and collaborate with them on how to achieve their wishes. As a result, although both concepts serve the aims of individuals to maintain a healthy life and remain fit, they differ in terms of their instructional understanding.

Keywords

• Fitness,Wellness,Coaching

References

1. Adams, T. B., Bezner, J. R., Drabbs, M. E., Zambarano, R. J., & Steinhardt, M. A. (2000). Conceptualization and measurement of the spiritual and psychological dimensions of wellness in a college population. Journal of American College Health, 48(4), 165-173.
2. Allison, D. G. (1997). Coping with stress in the principalship. Journal of Educational Administration, 35(1), 39-55.
3. Anttiroiko, A. (2018). Wellness city: health and well-being in urban development. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
4. Cureton, T. K. (1945). What is physical fitness?. The Journal of Health and Physical Education, 16(3), 111-150.
5. Corbin, C. B. ve Pangrazi, R. P. (2001). Toward a uniform definition of wellness: a commentary. Research Digest, 3(15), 3-8.
6. Corbin, C. B., Lindsey, R., Welk, G., & Corbin, W. R. (2000). Concepts of fitness and wellness: a comprehensive lifestyle approach. Boston: McGraw-Hill.
7. Corbin, C. B., Welk, G. J., Corbin, W. R., & Welk, K. A. (2007). Fitness i wellness. Kondycja, sprawność, zdrowie. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Zyska I s-ka.
8. Dunn, H. L. (1959). High-level wellness for man and society. American Journal of Public Health, 49(6), 786–792.

9. Frates, E. P., Moore, M. A., Lopez, C. N. ve McMahon, G. T. (2011). Coaching for behavior change in physiatry. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, 90(12), 1074-1082.
10. Gary, A. S., Moore, M. ve Scholtz, M. (2015). Health and wellness coaching competencies for exercise professionals. ACSM’s Health & Fitness Journal, 19(2), 20-26.
11. Gavin, J. (2005). Lifestyle Fitness Coaching. Champaign (IL): Human Kinetics Publishing.
12. Gavin, J., & Mcbrearty, M. (2018). Lifestyle wellness coaching. Human Kinetics.
13. Griffiths, K.E. (2005). Personal coaching: a model for effective learning. Journal of Learning Design, 1(2), 55-65.
14. Horton, B. W. ve O’Fallon, M. J. (2011). Employee wellness in the private club industry. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism, 10(3), 285-303.
15. Horton, B.W. ve Snyder, C.S. (2009). Wellness: its impact on student grades and implications for business. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism, 8(2), 215-233.
16. Huffman, M.H. (2016). Advancing the practice of health coaching. Workplace Health & Safety, 64(9), 400-403.
17. IHRSA (2018). Global report, the state of the health club ındustry. Boston, MA: Associate Publisher. Erişim Tarihi: 20.03.2020. Erişim Adresi: https://www.ihrsa.org/publications/the-2018-ihrsa-global-report/
18. Johnson, J. (1986). Wellness: A context for living. Thorofare, NJ: Slack.
19. Kesaniemi Y. K., Danforth, E., Jensen, MD., Kopelman, P. G., Lefebvre, P. ve Reeder, B. A. (2001). Dose-response issues concerning physical activity and health: an evidence-based symposium. Medicine Science in Sports & Exercise, 33(6), 351-358.
20. Kirkland, A. (2014). What is wellness now? Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law, 39(5), 957-970.
21. Maryellen, M. (2013). Mandalas and wellnesss wheels with persons with severe mental illness. Journal of Art for Life, 5(1), 1-20.
22. Miller, J. W. (2005). Wellness: the history and development of a concept. Spektrum Freizeit, 1, 84 -102.
23. Morone, J. A. (2003). Hellfire Nation: the Politics of Sin in American History. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
24. Myers, J. E., Sweeney, T. J. ve Witmer, J. M. (2000). The Wheel of wellness counseling for wellness: a holistic model for treatment planning. Journal of Counselling & Development, 78, 251-266.
25. Nelson, A. ve Shockley, C. (2013). Wellness coaching: frontline worker training in mental health. The Journal of Mental Health Training, Education and Practice, 8(1), 45-55.
26. Stara, J. ve Charvat, M. (2013). Wellness: its origins, theories and current applications in the United States. Scientific Journal of Acta Salus Vitae, 1(2), 1-12.
27. Parasannan, A. (2018). Global Fitness and Recreational Sports Centers Market Research, Allied Market Research. Erişim Tarihi: 20.03.2020. Erişim Adresi: https://www.alliedmarketresearch.com/fitness-and-recreational-sports-center-market
28. Pettitt, C. (2013). Wellness coaching certifications: a new career frontier for personal trainers in health care. Strength & Conditional Journal, 35(5), 63-67.
29. Rehman, R., Katpar, S., Khan, R., ve Hussain, M. (2015). Financial wellness awareness: a step closer to achieve millennium development goals for pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences, 31(1), 49–53.
30. Roy, B.A., Lisowski, C ve Roberts, P.A. (2014). Health and wellness coaching: an opportunity for clinical exercise physiologists. Journal of Clinical Exercise Physiology, 3(1), 9-15.
31. Roy, B. A. ve Roberts, P. A. (2015). Wellness vision before new year’s resolution. ACSM’s Health & Fitness Journal, 19(1), 3-4.
32. Roy, T. C., Springer, B. A., McNulty, V. ve Butler, N. L. (2010). Physical Fitness. Military Medicine, 175(8), 14-20.
33. Storer, T. W., Dolezal, B. A., Berenc, M. N., Timmins, J. E., & Cooper, C. B. (2014). Effect of supervised, periodized exercise training vs. self-directed training on lean body mass and other fitness variables in health club members. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 28(7), 1995-2006.
34. Stoewen, D. L. (2017). Dimensions of wellness: change your habits, change your life. The Canadian Veterinary Journal, 58(8), 861–862.
35. Strout, K. A. ve Howard, E. P. (2012). The six dimensions of wellness and cognition in aging adults. Journal of Holistic Nursing, 30(5), 195-204.
36. Swarbrick, M. (1997). A wellness modelfor clients. Mental Health Special Interest Section Quarterly, 20, 1–4.
37. Swarbrick, M. (2006). A wellness approach. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 29(4), 311-314.
38. Swarbrick, M., Murphy, A. A., Zechner, M., Spagnolo, A. B. ve Gill, K. J. (2011). Wellness coaching: a new role for peers. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 34(4), 328–331.
39. Thompson, W. R. (Ed.). (2010). ACSM’s Resources for the Personal Trainer. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, a Wolters Kluwer Business.
40. Thompson, W. R. (2019). Worldwide survey of fitness trends for 2020. ACSM’s Health & Fitness Journal, 23(6), 10-18.
41. Department of Health, Human Services, Washington, DC., & Healthy People 2010 (Group). (2000). Healthy people 2010: understanding and improving health. US Department of Health and Human Services.
42. US Department of Health and Human Services. (2008). US Department of Health and Human Services 2008 physical activity guidelines for Americans. Hyattsville, MD: Author.
43. Wellcoaches Corporation. (2003). Fitness coaching skills manual. Wellesley (MA): Wellcoaches Corporation Publishing.