Amatör Sporcularda Durumluk Kaygının Ayak Bileği Pozisyon Hissi Üzerine Etkisi

Öz

Eklem pozisyon hissi (kinematik propriosepsiyon), motorik tepkilerin oluşumunda rol alan sometosensöryel sistemin alt bileşenlerinden biridir. Ayak bileği eklemindeki proprioseptif zayıflık denge becerisi üzerindeki olumsuz etkisinden dolayı spor yaralanmalarına zemin hazırlayan bir risk faktörü olarak değerlendirilir. Kaygının, kompleks motorik tepkilerin oluşturduğu denge becerisi üzerine negatif etkisi olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu durumda kaygının, denge becerisine dolaylı katkısı olan eklem pozisyon hissini de olumsuz yönde etkileyeceği hipotezi öne sürülebilir. Bu düzlemde tasarlanan kesitsel çalışmanın amacı, durumluk kaygının ayak bileği pozisyon hissi üzerine etkisinin olup olmadığını incelemektir. Çalışmaya 44 amatör sporcu (yaş: 20.6±1.9 yıl) gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Durumluk kaygıyı ölçmek için, Spielberg tarafından geliştirilip Öner ve Le Compte tarafından Türkçeye uyarlanan Durumluk Kaygı Envanteri kullanılmıştır (Alfa değeri: 0.94-0.96). Katılımcılar 3 farklı (düşük, normal, yüksek) kaygı seviyesinde sınıflandırılıp, sınıflar arası her iki (sağ - sol) ayak bileği eklem pozisyon hissini değerlendirmek için bir açısı 30, 32 ve 34 derece olan dik üçgen tahta bloklar kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucunda yapılan non-parametrik Kruskal Wallis testinde (p>0.05) farklı durumluk kaygı seviyesine sahip grupların ayak bileği pozisyon hissi ortalama hata skorları arasında anlamlı bir farklılık bulgulanmamıştır. Yalnızca, sağ ayak bileği 34 derecedeki skorlarda tüm grupların ortalama hata tahminleri anlamlı derecede farklıdır. Amatör sporcularda durumluk kaygı seviyeleri ile ayak bileği pozisyon hissi tahmin skorları arasında anlamlı bir ilişki tespit edilmemiştir. Farklı derecelerde ayak bileği pozisyon pozisyon hissi testleri, sedanter bireyler ve profesyonel sporcu katılımcılar ile yapılacak yeni araştırmalar ile bu konu hakkında daha açıklayıcı yorumların yapılabileceği düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Durumluk kaygı,Ayak bileği pozisyon hissi,Propriosepsiyon

The Influence of Situational Anxiety on Ankle Joint Position Sense in Amateur Athletes

Abstract

Joint position sense (kinematic proprioception) is a subcomponent of somatosensorial system having a role in eliciting of motor responses. Deficit in the ankle joint position sense effects balance skill negatively and so that it is known as a risk factor leading to sport injuries. It’s well known that the anxiety has a negative effect on the human balance including complex motor responses. So, it may be hypothesized that the anxiety has a negative effect on joint position sense having an indirect contribution on the balance skill. The aim of the study designed as cross-sectional researched whether situational anxiety has a negative effect on ankle joint position sense or not. 44 amateur athletes (age: 20.6±1.9 year) participated in the study voluntarily. In assessing the situational anxiety mood, a situational anxiety test inventory which was developed by Spielberg and adopted to Turkish by Öner and Le Compte (Alpha Score: 0.94-0.96) was used. All participants were classified as having different (low, normal, high) situational anxiety levels and in assessing ankle joint positions sense (right - left ) wooden right triangle wooden blocks with an angle is 30,32 and 34 degrees were used. In the end of study non-parametric Kruskal Wallis test (p > 0.5) was used and it wasn’t determined any significant difference in ankle joint position mean error scores between anxiety groups. Only the right ankle scores had a significant difference between each group. It wasn’t determined any significant difference in ankle position sense mean error scores between anxiety groups. In other studies that would be designed using tests with different angle degrees, professional athletes and sedanter people as study groups will give more clear information to interpret the issue.

Keywords

• Situational anxiety,Ankle joint position sense,Proprioception

References

1. Balaban, C. D. (2002). Neural substrates linking balance control and anxiety. Physiology and Behavior, 77(4-5), 469-475.
2. Barbosa-Silva, M. C., Barros, A. J., Post, C. L., Waitzberg, D. L. & Heymsfield, S. B. (2003). Can bioelectrical impedance analysis identify malnutrition in preoperative nutrition assessment? Nutrition, 19(5), 422-426.
3. Bolmont, B., Gangloff, P., Vouriot, A. & Perrin, P. P. (2002). Mood states and anxiety influence abilities to maintain balance control in healthy human subjects. Neuroscience Letters, 329(1), 96-100.
4. Carroll, D., Phillips, A. C., Thomas, G. N., Gale, C. R., Deary, I. & Batty, G. D. (2009). Generalized anxiety disorder is associated with metabolic syndrome in the Vietnam experience study. Biological Psychiatry, 66(1), 91-93.
5. Castaneda, A. N., Yuulio-Henriksson, A., Marttunen, M., Suvisaari, J. & Lönnquist, J. A. (2008). A review on cognitive impairments in depressive and anxiety disorders with a focus on young adults. Journal of Affective Disorders, 106(1-2), 1-27.
6. Ciucurel, M. M. (2012). The relation between anxiety, reaction time and performance before and after sport competitions. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 33(Dec), 885-889.
7. Davis, J. R., Horslen, B. C., Nishikawa, K., Chua, R., Inglis, J. T. & Carpenter, M. G. (2011). Human proprioceptive adaptations during states of height-induced fear and anxiety. Journal of Neurophysiology, 106(6), 3082-3090.
8. Forkin, D. M., Koczur, C., Battle, R. & Newton, R. A. (1996). Evaluation of kinesthetic deficits indicative of balance control in gymnasts with unilateral chronic ankle sprains. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy, 23(4), 245-250.

9. Gençöz, F. (1998). Uyum psikolojisi. Kriz Dergisi, 6(2), 1-7.
10. Gribble, P. A., Hertel, J. & Plisky, P. (2012). Using the star excursion balance test to assess dynamic postural-control deficits and outcomes in lower extremity injury: A literature and systematic review. Journal of Athletic Training, 47(3), 339-357.
11. Hoffman, M., Schrader, J., Applegate, T. & Koceja, D. (1998). Unilateral postural control of the functionally dominant and nondominant extremities of healthy subjects. Journal of Athletic Training,33(4), 319-322.
12. Hogervorst, T. & Brand, R. A. (1998). Mechanoreceptors in joint function. The Journal of bone and joint surgery, American Volume, 80(9), 1365-1378.
13. Jerosch, J. & Pryinka, M. (1996). Proprioception aid joint stability. Knee Surgery Sports Traumatology Arthroscopy, 4(3), 171-179.
14. Kaya, M. & Varol, K. (2004). İlahiyat fakültesi öğrencilerinin durumluk-sürekli kaygı düzeyleri ve kaygı nedenleri (Samsun örneği). Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 17(17), 31-63.
15. Kitaoka, K., Ito, R., Araki, H., Sei, H. & Morita, Y. (2004). Effect of mood state on anticipatory postural adjustments. Neuroscience Letters, 370(1), 65-68.
16. Konradsen, L. (2002). Factors contributing to chronic ankle instability: Kinesthesia and joint position sense. Journal of Athletic Training, 37(4), 381-385.
17. Kynsburg, A., Halasi, T., Tállay, A. & Berkes, I. (2006). Changes in joint position sense after conservatively treated chronic lateral ankle instability. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy, 14(12), 1299-1306.
18. Landau, S., Everitt, B. S. (2004). A handbook of statistical analyses using SPSS. New York: Chapman & Hall/Crc.
19. Malmo, R. B. (1957). Anxiety and behavioral arousal. Psychological Review, 64(5), 276-287.
20. McCurdy, K. & Langford, G. (2005). Comparison of unilateral squat strength between the dominant and non-dominant leg in men and women. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 4(2), 153-159.
21. Moradi, M., Ghorbani, A., Yazdanpanah, M., Tajeddin, G. J. E. & Bahrami, A. (2015). Relationship between trait and state anxiety with force control and accommodation of dominant hand’s angle in male students. Annals of Applied Sport Science, 3(4), 29-38.
22. Morgan, C. T. (2011). Psikolojiye giriş (Çeviri) (19. Bs). Konya: Eğitim Akademi Yayınları.
23. Neiss, R. (1998). Reconceptualizing arousal: Psychobiological states in motor performance. Psychological Bulletin, 103(3), 345-366.
24. Öner, N. & Le Compte, A. (1985). Durumluk sürekli kaygı envanteri el kitabı. İstanbul: Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
25. Peluso, M. A. M. & Guerra de Andrade, L. H. (2005). Physical activity and mental health: the association between exercise and mood. Clinics, 60(1), 61-70.
26. Plisky, P. J., Rauh, M. J., Kaminski, T. W. ve Underwood, F. B. (2006). Star excursion balance test as a predictor of lower extremity injury in high school basketball players. Journal of Orthopedic Sports Physical Therapy, 36(12), 911-919.
27. Riemann, B. L. & Lephart, S. M. (2002). The sensorimotor system, part II: the role of proprioception in motor control and functional joint stability. Journal of athletic training, 37(1), 80-84.
28. Robbins, S., Waked, E.& Rappel, R. (1995). Ankle taping improves proprioception before and after exercise in young men. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 29(4), 242-247.
29. Soderman, K., Werner, S., Pietila, T., Engstrom, B., Alfredson, H. (2000). Balance board training: Prevention of traumatic injuries of the lower extremities in female soccer players? A prospective randomized intervention study. Knee Surgery Sports Traumatology Arthroscopy, 8(6), 356-363.
30. Spielberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L., & Lushene, R. E. (1970). Manual for state-trait anxiety inventory. California: Consulting Psychologists Press.
31. Taylor, C. B., Sallis, J. F. & Needle, R. (1985). The relation of physical activity and exercise to mental health. Public Health Reports, 100(2), 195-202.
32. Vaccarino, V. & Bremner, J. D. (2005). Stress response and the metabolic syndrome. Cardiology, 11(Part 2), 1-10.
33. Van Melick, N., Meddeler, B. M., Hoogeboom, T. J., Nijhuis-van der Sanden, M., & Van Cingel, R. (2017). How to determine leg dominance: The agreement between self-reported and observed performance in healthy adults. PloS One, 12(12).
34. Wada, M., Sunaga, W. & Nagai, M. (2001). Anxiety affects the postural sway of the antero-posterior axis in college students. Neuroscience Letters, 302(2), 157-159.
35. Weinberg, R. S. (1990). Anxiety and motor performance: Where to from here? Anxiety Research, 2(4), 227-242.