Hentbolda Atış Hızı Kavramı ve Önemi: Sistematik Derleme

Öz

Maksimal kuvvet, güç, hız, dayanıklılık ve atış hızı gibi özelliklerin hakim olduğu bir takım sporu olan hentbolda nihai amaç rakipten daha fazla gol atmaktır. Gol atmak ve kazanmaya giden yol ise etkili bir şut performansından geçmektedir. Bu derlemenin amacı; son on yıl içeresindeki hentbolda atış hızı ile ilgili gerçekleştirilen yayınları inceleyerek, atış hızı kavramının önemini ve geliştirilmesi için önerilen antrenman programlarını incelemektir. Sistematik derleme formatında hazırlanan çalışmada, Science Citation Index (SCI), SCI Expanded, Social Science Citation Index (SSCI) ve PubMed/MEDLINE veri tabanlarındaki dergilerde hentbol ve atış hızı ile ilgili son on yıl (2010-2020) içerisinde yayınlanmış tam metin makaleler incelenmiştir. Bu araştırmalar yapılırken anahtar kelime olarak “handball ve “throwing velocity” kullanılmıştır. Belirtilen şartları sağlayan toplamda 46 makale incelenmiştir. Çalışmalar incelendiğinde; antropometrik özellik, yarışma seviyesi ve mevkisel farklılıkların atış hızını etkilediği belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca son yıllarda kullanılan antrenman yöntemlerinin sporcu profillerinde oluşturduğu yanıtlar; özellikle kor ve kuvvet antrenmanları ile halter ve direnç bandı uygulamalarının atış hızını pozitif yönde etkilediği ortaya koyulmuştur. Hentbolda atış hızı ile ilgili gerçekleştirilecek nitelikli çalışma sayısının artması; cinsiyet, sporcu düzeyi ve uygulanan antrenman protokollerinin göstereceği etkinin bu alanda çalışan araştırmacılar ve antrenörler tarafından kabul görmesini de kolaylaştıracağı düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Atış hızı
• Hentbol
• İsabet
• Şut

The Concept and Importance of Throwing Velocity in Handball: A Systematic Review

Abstract

The ultimate aim in team-handball, dominated by features such as maximal strength, power, speed, endurance, and throwing velocity is to score more goals than the opponent. The way to score and winning depends on effective shooting performance. The purpose of this review is; examine the importance of the throwing velocity concept and the recommended training programs for its development by investigating publications about throwing velocity in handball in the last decade. In the present study prepared in a systematic review format, full-text articles about handball and throwing velocity published in Science Citation Index (SCI), SCI-Expanded, Social Science Citation Index (SSCI), and PubMed/MEDLINE databases’ journals in the last decade (2010-2020) were examined. The searching was performed by "handball and" throwing velocity" keywords. After including and excluding criteria performed a total of 46 articles reviewed in this study. When the studies are examined; it was determined that the anthropometric features, competition level, and positional differences affect the throwing velocity. In addition, the responses of the training methods used in recent years in the athlete profiles; it has been demonstrated that especially resistance band and weightlifting applications together with core and strength trainings affect the throwing velocity in a positive way. It is thought that increasing the number of qualified exercises to be performed on throwing velocity in handball will facilitate acceptance of the effect of gender, athlete level, and applied training protocols by researchers and trainers studying in this field.

Keywords

• Throwing velocity
• Handball
• Accuracy
• Shooting

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