Determining the Effects of Rehabilitation Sports on Performance Levels of Elderly Individuals by Using Senior Fitness Test

Abstract

The present study aims to determine the effects of rehabilitation sports on the physical performance levels and functional skills of elderly individuals. This study involved 354 individuals aged between 60 and 89 years, 183 (99 females and 84 males) in experiment group and 171 (94 females and 77 males) in control group. During the study, 45-min. rehabilitation sports program was performed once every week for 50 weeks and Senior Fitness Test comprised of 6 different test parameters and measuring muscle power, dynamic balance, endurance, and skills was conducted. Pretest and posttest were applied in order to evaluate and compare the physical performance improvements. The normality analysis was performed using skewness and kurtosis coefficients of data. Since the data showed normal distribution, the difference between groups was determined using independent sample t-test, whereas dependent sample t-test was used for determining the intragroup difference between pretest and posttest. One-way variance analysis was used for determining the age groups’ compliance with standard norm values. Comparisons were performed setting the statistical significance at p<0.05. At the end of the present study, it was determined that 50-week Rehabilitation Sports Program was found to have positive effect on leg force, arm force, flexibility, endurance, and skills of elderly individuals. In experiment and control groups, performance decrease was observed with advancing age. Moreover, it was also found that men were stronger, faster, and more enduring than women. The results obtained here provided significant tips for the physical performance evaluations of elderly people and indicate that advancing age has negative effects on the physical performance. For this reason, integration of physical activity into daily life in elderliness would positively contribute to achieving norm values in physical performance.

Keywords

• Older people
• Functional test
• Mobility
• Physical fitness

Rehabilitasyon Sporunun Yaşlı Yetişkinlerin Performans Düzeylerine Etkilerinin Senior Fitness Test ile Belirlenmesi

Öz

Bu çalışmada rehabilitasyon sporları programının yaşlı yetişkinlerin fiziksel performans düzeyi ve fonksiyonel becerileri üzerindeki etkilerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmaya yaşları 60 ile 89 arasında olan, deney grubunda 183 (99 kadın, 84 erkek) ve kontrol grubunda 171 (94 kadın, 77 erkek) olmak üzere toplam 354 kişi katılmıştır. Çalışmada 50 hafta süreyle, haftada bir gün 45 dakikalık rehabilitasyon sporu programı uygulanmış olup, kas kuvveti, aerobik dayanıklılık, dinamik denge ve beceri ölçümleri yapan ve altı farklı test parametresinden oluşan Senior Fitness Test kullanılmıştır. Fiziksel performans gelişimlerini değerlendirmek ve karşılaştırmak için ön test ve son test uygulanmıştır. Verilerin çarpıklık – basıklık değerleri ile normallik analizine bakılmış, veriler normal dağılım gösterdiği için gruplar arasındaki farkı belirlemede bağımsız örneklem t-testi, grup içi ön test ve son test arasındaki farkı belirlemek için bağımlı örneklem t-testi kullanılmıştır. Yaş gruplarının standart norm değerlerine uygunluğunun belirlenmesinde tek yönlü varyans analizi kullanılmıştır. Karşılaştırmalar için istatistiksel anlamlılık düzeyi p<0,05 olarak alınmıştır. Çalışmada uygulanan 50 haftalık rehabilitasyon sporu programının yaşlı yetişkinlerin bacak kuvveti, kol kuvveti, esneklik, dayanaklılık ve becerilerine olumlu katkı sağladığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Deney ve kontrol gruplarında ilerleyen yaş ile beraber performans düşüşü gözlenmiştir. Aynı zamanda erkeklerin kadınlara oranla daha kuvvetli, dayanıklı ve hızlı, kadınların ise erkeklere oranla daha esnek oldukları belirlenmiştir. Sonuçlar yaşlı yetişkinlerin fiziksel performans değerlendirmeleri için önemli ipuçları vererek, ilerleyen yaşın fiziksel performans üzerine olumsuz etki yaptığını göstermektedir. Bu nedenle fiziksel aktivitenin yaşlılıkta günlük yaşama entegre edilmesi, fiziksel performansın norm değerlerine ulaşmasını olumlu yönde etkileyeceği düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yaşlı yetişkinler
• Fonksiyonel test
• Hareketlilik
• Fiziksel uygunluk

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