Cirit Atma Tekniği ve Biyomekaniksel Açıdan Değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Bu derleme, cirit atma tekniğinin biyomekaniksel açıdan değerlendirilmesi amacıyla hazırlanmıştır. Cirit atma teknikleri genellikle beş bileşenden oluşur. Cirit omzun üzerinde yere paralel taşınır. Sporcu maksimum hıza ulaşmak için, fırlatma hareketine geçmeden önce bir hız kazanma koşusu yapar. 10-15 adımlık hızlanmanın sonuna doğru sporcu ciridi geri çekmeye başlar. Koşunun ikinci bölümü çapraz adımlarla alınır. Çapraz adımlardan hemen sonra sporcuyu atış aşamasına geçiren geçiş adımı atılır. Ardından iletim fazına geçilir. İletim fazı sağ el ile atış yapan sporcu için sol ayak dokunuşu ile başlar ve ciridin elden serbest kalmasıyla sona erer. Disk atma, çekiç atma ve gülle atma gibi esas olarak rotasyonel tekniklerin aksine, cirit atma ağırlıklı olarak doğrusal bir olaydır. Cirit atışının hızlanma yolunun doğrusal olması, onu diğer atma sporlarından ayırmaktadır. Cirit atışının performansını etkileyen parametreler olarak, boy ve kol uzunluğu ile omuz genişliği gösterilebilir. Ciridin ağırlığının fazla olması yaralanma riskini arttırabilmektedir. Fırlatma sporlarında özellikle omuz ve dirsek üzerine ciddi stresler binmekte olup bu bölgelerin akut ve aşırı kullanım yaralanmalarına sık rastlanılmaktadır.

Keywords

• Cirit atma
• Atış biyomekaniği
• Atletizm

Javelin Throw Technique and Its Evaluation in Biomechanical Terms

Abstract

This review has been prepared to evaluate the javelin throw technique in terms of biomechanics. Javelin is a field sport is made to achieve the longest shot. For the javelin throw, the vechile, the body of which is made of metal or a different homogeneous material and whose tip is sharpened, is used. Javelin throwing techniques usually consists of five components. The javelin is carried parallel to the ground over the shoulder. In order to reach maximum speed, the athlete performs a speed-up run before taking the throwing motion. Towards the end of the 10-15 step acceleration, the athlete begins to pull the javelin back. The second part is taken in diagonal steps. Immediately after the crossover steps, the transition step that takes the athlete to the shooting stage is taken. Then the transmission phase is passed. The delivery phase starts with the touch of the left foot for the right-handed athlete and ends with the javelin releasing from the hand. Unlike mainly rotational techniques such as discus throwing, hammer throwing and shot put, javelin throwing is a predominantly linear event. The fact that the javelin throw’s acceleration path is linear distinguishes it from other throwing sports. Height and arm length and shoulder width can be shown as parameters that affect the performance of the javelin throw. The heavy weight of the javelin can increase the risk of injury. In throwing sports, serious stresses are placed on the shoulders and elbows, and acute and overuse injuries of these areas are common.

Keywords

• Javelin throw
• Throwing biomechanics
• Athletics

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