Comparison of The Effect of Stabilization Exercises on Core Muscle Function and Balance in Individuals Receiving Traditional Archery Training: A Pilot Study

Abstract

This study aimed to compare the effects of stabilization exercises on core muscle functions and balance in individuals who received traditional archery training. The study was conducted on 15 volunteers over the age of 18 who did not exercise regularly, had no cardiovascular problems and had no history of orthopedic injury in the last 6 months. Individuals participating in this randomized controlled study were randomly divided into two groups as exercise and control group. While the exercise group (n=9) was given archery training once a week and core stabilization exercise program twice a week for 7 weeks; control group (n=6) only received archery training once a week. One leg standing test was used to evaluate the static balance. Static endurance of core muscles with McGill protocol; functional strength with sit-ups and modified-push-ups tests; strength and endurance of transversus abdominus and multifidus muscles (TrA+Mul) with pressure biofeedback device were evaluated. Evaluations were made twice in total, before starting the training and after 7 weeks of training. In exercise group, there were significant improvements in right and left lateral bridge endurance and TrA+Mul strength(p<0.05). In control group, there were significant improvements in left lateral bridge endurance and balance(p<0.05). There was no difference in terms of other parameters(p>0.05). It was observed that core stabilization exercises and archery training did not make a statistical difference in core muscle functions and static balance compared to archery training alone. However, we think that this study is a step forward for comprehensive studies that will examine the effects of traditional archery sports as well as core stabilization exercises on the development of core muscle functions and balance in sedentary individuals.

Keywords

• Archery
• Traditional archery
• Core stabilization
• Exercise

Geleneksel Okçuluk Eğitimi Alan Bireylerde Stabilizasyon Egzersizlerinin Core Kas Fonksiyonu ve Denge Üzerine Etkisinin Karşılaştırılması: Pilot Çalışma

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, geleneksel okçuluk eğitimi alan bireylerde stabilizasyon egzersizlerinin core kas fonksiyonları ve denge üzerine olan etkilerinin karşılaştırılmasıdır. Çalışma 18 yaş üstü, düzenli egzersiz yapmayan, kardiyovasküler problemi ve son 6 ayda ortopedik yaralanma hikayesi olmayan 15 gönüllü birey üzerinde yapıldı. Bu randomize kontrollü çalışmaya katılan bireyler, egzersiz ve kontrol grubu olarak rastgele iki gruba ayrıldı. Egzersiz grubuna (n=9) 7 hafta boyunca, haftada 1 defa okçuluk eğitimi ve 2 defa core stabilizasyon egzersiz programı verilirken; kontrol grubu (n=6) haftada 1 defa yalnızca okçuluk eğitimi aldı. Statik denge için tek ayak üzerinde durma testi kullanıldı. Core kaslarının statik enduransı, McGill protokolü, fonksiyonel kuvveti sit-ups ve modifiye push-ups testleri; transversus abdominus ve multifidus kaslarının (TrA+Mul) kuvvet ve enduransları basınçlı biofeedback cihazı ile değerlendirildi. Değerlendirmeler, eğitimlere başlamadan önce ve 7 hafta eğitim verildikten sonra olmak üzere toplamda iki defa yapıldı. Egzersiz grubunda, sağ ve sol lateral köprü enduransı ile TrA+Mul kuvvetlerinde grup içi anlamlı artışlar olduğu görüldü (p<0.05). Kontrol grubunda, sol lateral köprü enduransında ve sol dengede grup içi anlamlı artış olduğu görüldü (p<0.05). Her iki grupta da incelenen diğer parametreler açısından istatistiksel fark bulunmadı (p>0.05). Core stabilizasyon egzersizleri ile okçuluk eğitiminin yalnızca okçuluk eğitimine göre core kas fonksiyonları ve statik dengede istatistiksel bir farklılık oluşturmadığı görüldü. Ancak bu çalışmanın, sedanter bireylerde core kas fonksiyonlarının ve dengenin geliştirilmesinde core stabilizasyon egzersizlerinin yanı sıra geleneksel okçuluk sporunun da etkisinin inceleneceği kapsamlı çalışmalar için bir adım olduğunu düşünmekteyiz.

Keywords

• Okçuluk
• Geleneksel okçuluk
• Core stabilizasyon
• Egzersiz

References

1. 1. Balasubramaniam, R., Riley, M. A. ve Turvey, M. (2000). Specificity of postural sway to the demands of a precision task. Gait & Posture, 11(1), 12-24.
2. 2. Baltacı, G., Bayrakçı Tunay, V., Beşler, A. ve Ergun, N. (2006). Spor Yaralanmalarında Egzersiz Tedavisi. Ankara: Alp Yayınevi, 102-105.
3. 3. Bliss, L. S. ve Teeple, P. (2005). Core stability: the centerpiece of any training program. Current Sports Medicine Reports, 4(3), 179-183.
4. 4. Brill, P. ve Couzens, G. S. (2008). The core program: fifteen minutes a day that can change your life. New York: Bantam Books.
5. 5. Cairns, M. C., Harrison, K. ve Wright, C. (2000). Pressure biofeedback: a useful tool in the quantification of abdominal muscular dysfunction? Physiotherapy, 86(3), 127-138.
6. 6. Cha, H. G. (2018). Effects of trunk stabilization exercise on the local muscle activity and balance ability of normal subjects. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 30(6), 813-815.
7. 7. Critchley, D. J., Pierson, Z. ve Battersby, G. (2011). Effect of pilates mat exercises and conventional exercise programmes on transversus abdominis and obliquus internus abdominis activity: pilot randomised trial. Manual Therapy, 16(2), 183-189.
8. 8. Dendas, A. M. (2010). The Relationship Between Core Stability and Athletic Performance (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Humboldt State University, Arcata, CA.

9. 9. Donahoe-Fillmore, B., Hanahan, N. M., Mescher, M. L., Clapp, D. E., Addison, N. R. ve Weston, C. R. (2007). The effects of a home Pilates program on muscle performance and posture in healthy females: a pilot study. Journal of Women’s Health Physical Therapy, 31(2), 6-11.
10. 10. Ertan, H., Knicker, A., Soylu, R. ve Strüder, H. (2011). Individual variation of bowstring release in high level archery: a comparative case study. Human Movement, 12(3), 273-276.
11. 11. Hrysomallis, C. (2011). Balance ability and athletic performance. Sports Medicine, 41(3), 221-232.
12. 12. Hu, M. H. ve Woollacott, M. H. (1994). Multisensory training of standing balance in older adults: I. Postural stability and one-leg stance balance. Journal of Gerontology, 49(2), M52-M61.
13. 13. Hudswell, S., Von Mengersen, M. ve Lucas, N. (2005). The cranio-cervical flexion test using pressure biofeedback: A useful measure of cervical dysfunction in the clinical setting? International Journal of Osteopathic Medicine, 8(3), 98-105.
14. 14. Iwai, K., Okada, T., Nakazato, K., Fujimoto, H., Yamamoto, Y. ve Nakajima, H. (2008). Sport-specific characteristics of trunk muscles in collegiate wrestlers and judokas. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 22(2), 350-358.
15. 15. Keast, D. ve Elliott, B. (1990). Fine body movements and the cardiac cycle in archery. Journal of Sports Sciences, 8(3), 203-213.
16. 16. Kılınç, F., Cesur, G., Emrah, A., Ersöz, G. ve Kılıç, T. (2010). 10-14 yaş grubu elit bayan okçuların teknik atış performanslarını etkileyen fiziksel, fizyolojik ve kuvvet faktörlerinin araştırılması. SDÜ Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 17(3), 18-24.
17. 17. Launikitis, R. A. ve Viegas, S. F. (2009). Arrow shaft injury of the wrist and hand: case report, management, and surgical technique. Southern Medical Journal, 102(1), 77-78.
18. 18. Lee, S. Y., Seo, T. H. ve Jeong, Y. W. (2019). The effects of trunk stabilization training emphasizing transverse abdominis contraction on static balance and game records for archers. PNF and Movement, 17(2), 283-291.
19. 19. McGill, S. (2006). Evaluating and qualifying the athlete/client. Ultimate back fitness and performance. Waterloo, Ontairo, Canada: Wabuno Publishers.
20. 20. McGregor, A., Hill, A. ve Grewar, J. (2004). Trunk strength patterns in elite rowers. Isokinetics and Exercise Science, 12(4), 253-261.
21. 21. McGuine, T. A. ve Keene, J. S. (2006). The effect of a balance training program on the risk of ankle sprains in high school athletes. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 34(7), 1103-1111.
22. 22. Mehta, R., Cannella, M., Henry, S. M., Smith, S., Giszter, S. ve Silfies, S. P. (2017). Trunk postural muscle timing is not compromised in low back pain patients clinically diagnosed with movement coordination impairments. Motor Control, 21(2), 133-157.
23. 23. Mueller, S., Stoll, J., Mueller, J. ve Mayer, F. (2012). Validity of isokinetic trunk measurements with respect to healthy adults, athletes and low back pain patients. Isokinetics and Exercise Science, 20(4), 255-266.
24. 24. Norton, K. ve Olds, T. (1996). Anthropometrica: a textbook of body measurement for sports and health courses. Sydney: UNSW Press.
25. 25. Park, J. M., Hyun, G. S. ve Jee, Y. S. (2016). Effects of pilates core stability exercises on the balance abilities of archers. Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation, 12(6), 553-558.
26. 26. Şimşek, D., Cerrah, A. O. ve Ertan, H. (2013). The comparison of balance abilities of recurve, compound and traditional archery: a preliminary study. Journal of Physical Education & Sports Science/Beden Egitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(2), 93–99.
27. 27. Tinazci, C. (2011). Shooting dynamics in archery: A multidimensional analysis from drawing to releasing in male archers. Procedia Engineering, 13, 290-296.