Araştırma Makalesi
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11-12 Yaşındaki Erkek Çocukların Bazı Fiziksel ve Motorik Özelliklerinin Bağıl Yaş Etkisi Açısından İncelenmesi

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 4, 331 - 347, 02.10.2020

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı; 11-12 yaşlarındaki erkek çocukların bazı fiziksel ve motorik özellikleri ile doğdukları aylar arasında bir ilişkinin olup olmadığının belirlenmesidir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu; Ankara ilinde 260 erkek sporcu adayı oluşturmuştur. Çalışmada; yaş, boy uzunluğu, vücut ağırlığı, Vücut Kitle İndeksi, yatay sıçrama, dikey sıçrama, otur eriş esneklik testi, atma kuvveti ve 30m sürat testi olmak üzere toplam 9 veri değerlendirilmiştir. Veri analizi öncesi verilerin normal dağılıp dağılmadığı test edilmiştir. Normal dağılan veriler için çoklu karşılaştırmalarda ANOVA testi (çoklu karşılaştırma tekniği olarak Scheffe tekniği), ikili karşılaştırmalarda ise Independent Samples-T Testi kullanılmıştır. Normal dağılım göstermeyen veriler için ise çoklu karşılaştırmalarda Kruskal-Wallis, ikili karşılaştırmalarda ise Mann-Whitney U testleri kullanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak; 12 yaş erkek çocukların boy ve vücut ağırlıklarında doğum aylarına göre anlamlı farklılık var iken, 11 yaş erkek çocuklarda fiziksel olarak bir farkın olmadığı görülmüştür. Performans testleri açısından bakıldığında, 11 yaş erkek çocukların doğum aylarına göre patlayıcılık özelliğinde anlamlı farklılıklar var iken 12 yaş çocuklarda bu farklılığın çok az olduğu görülmüştür. Her iki yaşın esneklik özelliğinde ise doğum aylarıyla arasında bir ilişkinin olmadığı görülmüştür.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Barnsley, R. H., Thompson, A. H. and Barnsley, P. E. (1985). Hockey success and birthdate: The relative age effect. Canadian Association for Health, Physical Education, and Recreation Journal, 51, 23–28
  • 2. Barnsley, R. H., Thompson, A. H. and Legault, P. (1992). Family planning: Football style. The relative age effect in football. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 27(1), 77-87.
  • 3. Bompa, T. O. Carrera M. (2015). Conditioning Young Athletes. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 125
  • 4. Delorme, N., Boiche, J., ve Raspaud, M. (2009). The relative age effect in elite sport: the french case. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 80(2), 336-344.
  • 5. Edgar, S., O’Donoghue, P. (2005). Season of birth distribution of elite tennis players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 23(10), 1013–1020.
  • 6. Günay, M., Tamer, K. ve Cicioğlu İ.,(2006). Spor fizyolojisi ve performans ölçümü. Ankara: Gazi Kitabevi, 45.
  • 7. Helsen, W. F., Starkes, J. L. & Van Winckel, J. (2000). Effect of a change in selection year on success in male soccer players. American Journal of Human Biology, 12(6), 729-735.
  • 8. Helsen, W. F., Van Winckel, J. & Williams, A. M. (2005). The relative age effect in youth soccer across Europe. Journal of Sports Sciences, 23(6), 629-636.
  • 9. Kamar, A. (2003). Sporda yetenek beceri ve performans testleri. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım, 54
  • 10. Lovell, R., Towlson, C., Parkin, G., Portas, M., Vaeyens, R., Cobley, S. (2015). Soccer player characteristics in English lower-league development programmes: The relationship between relative age, maturation, anthropometry and physical fitness. PLoS ONE 10(9)
  • 11. Musch, J., Hay, R. (1999). The relative age effect in soccer: Cross-cultural evidence for a systematic discrimination against children born late in the competition year. Sociology of Sport Journal, 16(1), 54-64.
  • 12. Mülazımoglu, O., Bayansalduz, M., Kaynak, K., ve Mulazimoglu, H. D. (2016). Relative age effect in Turkish soccer. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise, 18(1), 64-69.
  • 13. Mülazımoğlu, O., Cihan, H., Erdoğdu, M., ve Şirin, E. F. (2013). Türkiye' deki bazı futbol kulüplerinin profesyonel ve altyapı takımlarında bağıl yaş etkisi. Ankara Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi 11, 105-111.
  • 14. Nakata, H., Sakamoto, K. (2012). Sex Differences in Relative Age Effects among Japanese Athletes. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 115(1), 179-186.
  • 15. Okazaki, H.A.F., Keller, B., Fontana, F., Gallagher, D.J. (2011). The relative age effect among female Brazilian youth volleyball players. Research querterly for exercise and sport, 82(1): 135-9
  • 16. Patalay, P., Fonagy, P., Deighton, J., Belsky, J. (2015). A general phychopathology factor in early adolescence. The British Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 207 issue 1, 15-22
  • 17. Pekel, H. A., Kamis, O. (2018). Relative Age Effect on U14 Track and Field Athletes. Gazi Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 23(2), 153-162.
  • 18. Reed, K. E., Parry, D. A., & Sandercock, G. R. H. (2017). Maturational and social factors contributing to relative age effects in school sports: Data from the London Youth Games. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 27(12), 2070-2079.
  • 19. Reiman, R. P., Manske, R. C. (2009). Functional testing in human performance. Human Kinetics, 82-110.
  • 20. Roberts, S. J., Boddy, L. M., Fairclough, S. J., Stratton, G. (2012). The ınfluence of relative age effects on the cardiorespiratory fitness levels of children age 9 to 10 and 11 to 12 years of age. Pediatric Exercise Science, 24, 72-83.
  • 21. Sevim, Y. (2007). Antrenman bilgisi. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım, 26
  • 22. Sierra-Diaz, J.M., Villora, G.S., Vicedo, P.J.C., Olivares, S.J. (2017). Soccer and relative age effect: A walk among elite players and young players. Sports, 5(1), 5 https://doi.org/10.3390/sports5010005
  • 23. Simmons, C. and Paull, G. C. (2001). Season-of-birth bias in association football. Journal of Sports Sciences, 19(9), 677-686.
  • 24. Şahin, L. (2017). Futbol milli takım seçmelerinde bağıl yaş etkisi ve fiziksel performans. Doktara Tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara, 20-37.
  • 25. Thompson A. H., Barnsley R, and Battle J. (2004). The relative age effect and the development of self-esteem. Educational Research, 46(3), 313-320.
  • 26. Vincent, J., Glamser, D.F. (2006). Gender difference in the relative age effect among US Olimpic Development Program youth soccer players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 24(4): 405-13
  • 27. Votteler, A., Höner, O. (2014). The Relative age effect in the German Football TID Programme: biases in motor performance diagnostics and effects on single motor abilities and skills in groups of selected players. European Journaol of Sport Science, 1, 433-42.
  • 28. Wattie N., Cobley S., and Baker J. (2008). Towards a unified understanding of relative age effects. Journal of Sports Sciences, 26(3), 1403-1409.

Evaluation of Some Physical and Motoric Characteristics of Boys Between 11-12 Years In Terms Of Relative Age Effect

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 4, 331 - 347, 02.10.2020

Öz

The aim of this study is to determine whether there is a relationship between some physical and motoric characteristics of boys aged 11-12 and the months they were born. The study group is 260 male athletes who don’t have sports license in Ankara province. Study; A total of 9 data were evaluated including age, height, body weight, body mass index, horizontal jump, vertical jump, sit-up, sit and reach test, throwing force and 30m velocity test. Data were analyzed for normal distribution of data before data analysis. For multiple data, ANOVA test (Scheffe technique as multiple comparison technique) and Independent Samples-T test were used for paired comparisons. For data not showing normal distribution, Kruskal-Wallis was used for multiple comparisons, and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for paired comparisons. As a result; While there was a significant difference in the height and body weights of 12-year-old boys according to the months of birth, there was no physical difference in 11-year-old boys. In terms of performance tests, there were significant differences in the explosive properties of 11-year-old boys compared to the months of birth. The elasticity of both ages showed no relationship with the birth months.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Barnsley, R. H., Thompson, A. H. and Barnsley, P. E. (1985). Hockey success and birthdate: The relative age effect. Canadian Association for Health, Physical Education, and Recreation Journal, 51, 23–28
  • 2. Barnsley, R. H., Thompson, A. H. and Legault, P. (1992). Family planning: Football style. The relative age effect in football. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 27(1), 77-87.
  • 3. Bompa, T. O. Carrera M. (2015). Conditioning Young Athletes. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 125
  • 4. Delorme, N., Boiche, J., ve Raspaud, M. (2009). The relative age effect in elite sport: the french case. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 80(2), 336-344.
  • 5. Edgar, S., O’Donoghue, P. (2005). Season of birth distribution of elite tennis players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 23(10), 1013–1020.
  • 6. Günay, M., Tamer, K. ve Cicioğlu İ.,(2006). Spor fizyolojisi ve performans ölçümü. Ankara: Gazi Kitabevi, 45.
  • 7. Helsen, W. F., Starkes, J. L. & Van Winckel, J. (2000). Effect of a change in selection year on success in male soccer players. American Journal of Human Biology, 12(6), 729-735.
  • 8. Helsen, W. F., Van Winckel, J. & Williams, A. M. (2005). The relative age effect in youth soccer across Europe. Journal of Sports Sciences, 23(6), 629-636.
  • 9. Kamar, A. (2003). Sporda yetenek beceri ve performans testleri. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım, 54
  • 10. Lovell, R., Towlson, C., Parkin, G., Portas, M., Vaeyens, R., Cobley, S. (2015). Soccer player characteristics in English lower-league development programmes: The relationship between relative age, maturation, anthropometry and physical fitness. PLoS ONE 10(9)
  • 11. Musch, J., Hay, R. (1999). The relative age effect in soccer: Cross-cultural evidence for a systematic discrimination against children born late in the competition year. Sociology of Sport Journal, 16(1), 54-64.
  • 12. Mülazımoglu, O., Bayansalduz, M., Kaynak, K., ve Mulazimoglu, H. D. (2016). Relative age effect in Turkish soccer. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise, 18(1), 64-69.
  • 13. Mülazımoğlu, O., Cihan, H., Erdoğdu, M., ve Şirin, E. F. (2013). Türkiye' deki bazı futbol kulüplerinin profesyonel ve altyapı takımlarında bağıl yaş etkisi. Ankara Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi 11, 105-111.
  • 14. Nakata, H., Sakamoto, K. (2012). Sex Differences in Relative Age Effects among Japanese Athletes. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 115(1), 179-186.
  • 15. Okazaki, H.A.F., Keller, B., Fontana, F., Gallagher, D.J. (2011). The relative age effect among female Brazilian youth volleyball players. Research querterly for exercise and sport, 82(1): 135-9
  • 16. Patalay, P., Fonagy, P., Deighton, J., Belsky, J. (2015). A general phychopathology factor in early adolescence. The British Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 207 issue 1, 15-22
  • 17. Pekel, H. A., Kamis, O. (2018). Relative Age Effect on U14 Track and Field Athletes. Gazi Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 23(2), 153-162.
  • 18. Reed, K. E., Parry, D. A., & Sandercock, G. R. H. (2017). Maturational and social factors contributing to relative age effects in school sports: Data from the London Youth Games. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 27(12), 2070-2079.
  • 19. Reiman, R. P., Manske, R. C. (2009). Functional testing in human performance. Human Kinetics, 82-110.
  • 20. Roberts, S. J., Boddy, L. M., Fairclough, S. J., Stratton, G. (2012). The ınfluence of relative age effects on the cardiorespiratory fitness levels of children age 9 to 10 and 11 to 12 years of age. Pediatric Exercise Science, 24, 72-83.
  • 21. Sevim, Y. (2007). Antrenman bilgisi. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım, 26
  • 22. Sierra-Diaz, J.M., Villora, G.S., Vicedo, P.J.C., Olivares, S.J. (2017). Soccer and relative age effect: A walk among elite players and young players. Sports, 5(1), 5 https://doi.org/10.3390/sports5010005
  • 23. Simmons, C. and Paull, G. C. (2001). Season-of-birth bias in association football. Journal of Sports Sciences, 19(9), 677-686.
  • 24. Şahin, L. (2017). Futbol milli takım seçmelerinde bağıl yaş etkisi ve fiziksel performans. Doktara Tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara, 20-37.
  • 25. Thompson A. H., Barnsley R, and Battle J. (2004). The relative age effect and the development of self-esteem. Educational Research, 46(3), 313-320.
  • 26. Vincent, J., Glamser, D.F. (2006). Gender difference in the relative age effect among US Olimpic Development Program youth soccer players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 24(4): 405-13
  • 27. Votteler, A., Höner, O. (2014). The Relative age effect in the German Football TID Programme: biases in motor performance diagnostics and effects on single motor abilities and skills in groups of selected players. European Journaol of Sport Science, 1, 433-42.
  • 28. Wattie N., Cobley S., and Baker J. (2008). Towards a unified understanding of relative age effects. Journal of Sports Sciences, 26(3), 1403-1409.
Toplam 28 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Spor Hekimliği
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Yasemin Erdoğan

Hacı Ahmet Pekel

Emre Bağcı

Yayımlanma Tarihi 2 Ekim 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 8 Nisan 2020
Kabul Tarihi 17 Eylül 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 25 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Erdoğan, Y., Pekel, H. A., & Bağcı, E. (2020). 11-12 Yaşındaki Erkek Çocukların Bazı Fiziksel ve Motorik Özelliklerinin Bağıl Yaş Etkisi Açısından İncelenmesi. Gazi Beden Eğitimi Ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 25(4), 331-347.

Gazi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi yılda dört kez yayımlanan bilimsel ve hakemli bir dergidir.


Gazi Journal of Physical Education and Sports Sciences is a scientific and peer-reviewed journal published quarterly.