BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

From Armed Opposition to Discourse of Democracy: Mojahedin Khalq

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 2, 165 - 175, 01.12.2018

Öz

Mojahedin Khalq emerged as an armed youth and street movement as opponent agaınst the Shah’s regime and moved together with the Islamic opposition of the mullahs towards the 1979 Revolution in Iran in order to overthrow the monarchy. Then, the organization contradicted with the Ayatollahs’’ regime and cooperated with Saddam’s Iraq against the regime in Iran during the Iran-Iraq War during the 1980s. The movement, a bloody and armed organization during the 1980s and 1990s, emerged as a civil society promoting democracy and human rights in the international field in the post- Iraq war of 2003. Mojahedin Khalq, which was moved to Albania in 2016 as a result of the Iraq’s Shi’a regime’s enforcements, continued to conduct its policies in the Balkans. The movement gained popularity again after the Trump administration took a stand against the Islamic regime in Iran, and now target the regime by organizing the gatherings and conferences to which Trump’s close advisers of national security participated as speakers

Kaynakça

  • BBC, (2015),’’Who Are The Iranian Dissident Group MEK?’’, 30 .10.2015, https://www. bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-34677211, (E.T. 14 Aralık 2018).
  • Cohen, Ronen A., (2018), ‘’The Mojahedin-e Khalq Versus The Islamic Republic of Iran: From War To Propaganda and The War On Propaganda And Diplomacy’’, Middle Eas- tern Studies , C.54, S.6, ss.1-15.
  • Dehghan, Saeed Kamali, ( 2018), ‘’Who is The Iranian Group Targeted By Bombers and Beloved of Trump Allies?’’, The Guardian, 02.07.2018, https://www.theguardian. com/world/2018/jul/02/iran-mek-cult-terrorist-trump-allies-john-bolton-rudy-giuliani (E.T. 17 Aralık 2018).
  • Goulka, Jeremiah; Hansell, Lydia; Wilke, Elizabeth ve Larso, Judith, (2009), ‘’ The Mu- jahedin-e Khalq in Iraq A Policy Conundrum’’, RAND Natıonal Defense Research Instıtute, Pittsburgh.
  • Khodabandeh, Massoud, ( 2016), ‘’ Albanian Citizens Fearful of Radicalised Mojahedin Khalq Neighbours Deserve More İnformation’’, Huffingtonpost, 10.07.2016, https:// www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/albanian-citizens-fearful-of-radicalised-mojahedin_ us_57f7961be4b0d786aa52af3b ( E.T. 12 Aralık 2018).
  • Mojahedin, (2018), About Iranian Opposition Leader Massoud Rajavi, https://english.mo- jahedin.org/en/massoudrajavi ( E.T. 15 Aralık 2018).
  • Masters, Jonathan, ( 2014), ‘’Mujahadeen-e-Khalq (MEK)’’, Council on Foreign Rela- tions, https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/mujahadeen-e-khalq-mek ( E.T. 15 Aralık 2018).
  • Masoud, Rajavi, (1980), 1980 Speech, 3. Bölüm, 11.52 dak., YouTube, 2013.
  • Global Security, ( 2018), ‘Mujahedin-e Khalq Organization (MEK or MKO), https:// www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/para/mek.htm ( E.T. 16 Aralık 2018).
  • Mejdini, Fatjona, ( 2016), ‘’Iranian Opposition Ex-Fighters ‘Transferred to Albania’’’, Balkan İnsight, 26.08.2016, http://www.balkaninsight.com/en/article/albania-continu- es-to-accept-iranian-mujahedins-08-26-2016 ( E.T. 17 Aralık 2018).
  • Merat, Arron ve Borger, Julian, ( 2018), ‘’Rudy Giuliani Calls for Iran Regime Change at Rally Linked To Extreme Group’’, The Guardian, 30.06.2018, https://www.theguardi- an.com/us-news/2018/jun/30/rudy-giuliani-mek-iran-paris-rally?fbclid=IwAR1K9m- gkzXbWbPJ_b2JBphRYd-CtssBxFTvVh6NqkJ_6s3WhTqJ4hcs1uxk (E.T. 14 Aralık 2018).
  • Nejat Society, ( 2018), ‘The US Army Keeps The Mojahedin Khalq Army in Albania, 17.06.2018, https://www.nejatngo.org/en/posts/8184 ( E.T. 15 Aralık 2018).
  • Parsi, Trita, (2018), ‘’Why Trump’s Hawks Back the MEK Terrorist Cult’’, The New York Review of Books (NYBooks), 20.07.2018, https://www.nybooks.com/daily/2018/07/20/ why-trumps-hawks-back-the-mek-terrorist-cult/ ( E.T. 17 Aralık 2018).
  • Unıted States of Peace, ( 2011),Terrorism Report: MEK and Jundallah, 23.08.2015, ht- tps://iranprimer.usip.org/blog/2011/aug/23/us-terrorism-report-mek-and-jundallah (E.T. 17 Aralık 2018).

İran’da Silahlı Muhalefetten Demokrasi Söylemlerine: Halkın Mücahitleri Örgütü

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 2, 165 - 175, 01.12.2018

Öz

Halkın Mücahitleri örgütü 1960’lı yıllarda İran’da Şahlık muhalifi bir öğrenci ve sokak hareketi olarak ortaya çıkmış olup 1979 Devrimine giden süreçte İslamcı kesimle ve mollalarla birlikte hareket ederek monarşinin yıkılması için mücadele vermiştir. Ardından Ayetullah rejimi ile ters düşen örgüt yurtdışına çekilmiş ve İran’daki rejime karşı Saddam yönetimi ile işbirliği yaparak İran-Irak Savaşında rejime karşı savaş yürütmüştür. 1980 ve 1990’lı yıllarda silahlı ve kanlı bir organizasyon olan örgüt 2003 yılında Irak işgalinden sonra uluslararası alanda daha çok demokrasi ve insan hakları söylemlerini savunarak boy göstermeye başlamıştır. 2016 yılında Irak’taki Şii yönetimin de baskısıyla ABD tarafından Arnavutluk’a taşınan örgüt burada faaliyetlerini sürdürmeye devam etmektedir. Trump yönetiminin İran’daki rejime tavır almasıyla birlikte örgüt son dönemde tekrardan popülerlik kazanmış ve Trump’ın yakın danışmanlarının da katıldığı toplantı ve konferanslarla rejimi hedef almaya başlamıştır

Kaynakça

  • BBC, (2015),’’Who Are The Iranian Dissident Group MEK?’’, 30 .10.2015, https://www. bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-34677211, (E.T. 14 Aralık 2018).
  • Cohen, Ronen A., (2018), ‘’The Mojahedin-e Khalq Versus The Islamic Republic of Iran: From War To Propaganda and The War On Propaganda And Diplomacy’’, Middle Eas- tern Studies , C.54, S.6, ss.1-15.
  • Dehghan, Saeed Kamali, ( 2018), ‘’Who is The Iranian Group Targeted By Bombers and Beloved of Trump Allies?’’, The Guardian, 02.07.2018, https://www.theguardian. com/world/2018/jul/02/iran-mek-cult-terrorist-trump-allies-john-bolton-rudy-giuliani (E.T. 17 Aralık 2018).
  • Goulka, Jeremiah; Hansell, Lydia; Wilke, Elizabeth ve Larso, Judith, (2009), ‘’ The Mu- jahedin-e Khalq in Iraq A Policy Conundrum’’, RAND Natıonal Defense Research Instıtute, Pittsburgh.
  • Khodabandeh, Massoud, ( 2016), ‘’ Albanian Citizens Fearful of Radicalised Mojahedin Khalq Neighbours Deserve More İnformation’’, Huffingtonpost, 10.07.2016, https:// www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/albanian-citizens-fearful-of-radicalised-mojahedin_ us_57f7961be4b0d786aa52af3b ( E.T. 12 Aralık 2018).
  • Mojahedin, (2018), About Iranian Opposition Leader Massoud Rajavi, https://english.mo- jahedin.org/en/massoudrajavi ( E.T. 15 Aralık 2018).
  • Masters, Jonathan, ( 2014), ‘’Mujahadeen-e-Khalq (MEK)’’, Council on Foreign Rela- tions, https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/mujahadeen-e-khalq-mek ( E.T. 15 Aralık 2018).
  • Masoud, Rajavi, (1980), 1980 Speech, 3. Bölüm, 11.52 dak., YouTube, 2013.
  • Global Security, ( 2018), ‘Mujahedin-e Khalq Organization (MEK or MKO), https:// www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/para/mek.htm ( E.T. 16 Aralık 2018).
  • Mejdini, Fatjona, ( 2016), ‘’Iranian Opposition Ex-Fighters ‘Transferred to Albania’’’, Balkan İnsight, 26.08.2016, http://www.balkaninsight.com/en/article/albania-continu- es-to-accept-iranian-mujahedins-08-26-2016 ( E.T. 17 Aralık 2018).
  • Merat, Arron ve Borger, Julian, ( 2018), ‘’Rudy Giuliani Calls for Iran Regime Change at Rally Linked To Extreme Group’’, The Guardian, 30.06.2018, https://www.theguardi- an.com/us-news/2018/jun/30/rudy-giuliani-mek-iran-paris-rally?fbclid=IwAR1K9m- gkzXbWbPJ_b2JBphRYd-CtssBxFTvVh6NqkJ_6s3WhTqJ4hcs1uxk (E.T. 14 Aralık 2018).
  • Nejat Society, ( 2018), ‘The US Army Keeps The Mojahedin Khalq Army in Albania, 17.06.2018, https://www.nejatngo.org/en/posts/8184 ( E.T. 15 Aralık 2018).
  • Parsi, Trita, (2018), ‘’Why Trump’s Hawks Back the MEK Terrorist Cult’’, The New York Review of Books (NYBooks), 20.07.2018, https://www.nybooks.com/daily/2018/07/20/ why-trumps-hawks-back-the-mek-terrorist-cult/ ( E.T. 17 Aralık 2018).
  • Unıted States of Peace, ( 2011),Terrorism Report: MEK and Jundallah, 23.08.2015, ht- tps://iranprimer.usip.org/blog/2011/aug/23/us-terrorism-report-mek-and-jundallah (E.T. 17 Aralık 2018).
Toplam 14 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Selim Öztürk Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Aralık 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018 Cilt: 20 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Öztürk, S. (2018). İran’da Silahlı Muhalefetten Demokrasi Söylemlerine: Halkın Mücahitleri Örgütü. Güvenlik Çalışmaları Dergisi, 20(2), 165-175.