Anonimlik ile İllegalite Arasında: Deep Web, Dark Web ve Devlet Dışı Silahlı Aktörlerin Uluslararası Siber Faaliyetleri

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 1, 66 - 88, 25.06.2020

Göktuğ Sönmez Emine Çelik

Öz

İletişim devrimiyle birlikte günlük hayatın bir parçası haline dönüşen internetin sağladığı pek çok avantajla birlikte güvenlik eksenli olarak önemli endişelere de yol açmaktadır. Bu anlamda yüzey internetinin ötesinde öne çıkan Deep Web ve onun bir parçası olan Dark Web platformları ve bunlara erişim sağlayan Tor, I2P ve FreeNet gibi yapılar üzerinde dikkatle çalışılması gereken unsurlar olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Zira 1990’lardan itibaren devlet dışı silahlı aktörlerin ve bir alt sınıflandırılması olarak terör yapılanmalarının bu platformlar üzerinden savaşçı/militan devşirme, operasyon planlama, kaynak sağlama, haberleşme ve ‘uzaktan eğitim’ gibi fonksiyonları icra etmektedir. Bu çalışmada temel olarak ikincil kaynaklar ve ağırlıklı olarak vak’a analizleri üzerinde odaklanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler ışığında da hem bahsi geçen kavramlara ışık tutulması hem devlet-dışı silahlı aktörlerin bunları kullanımına dair örneklere ve temel araçlardan bahsedilmesi akabinde de bu çerçeveye binaen bazı mevcut mücadele araçlarına ve atılması gereken adımlara değinilmesi amaçlanmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Deep Web, Dark Web, Yüzey İnternet, Tor, Siber Güvenlik

Kaynakça

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