Gaius Tarquitius'un Mezar Yazıtı

Öz

Makalede Nikomedeia kentinde ele geçen ve Kocaeli Müzesi'nde korunan kırık bir lahit parçasının üzerindeki yazıt yorumlanmaktadır. Lahit; Roma ordusunda orta derece bir subay ya da sıradan bir asker olarak hizmet vermiş olan Gaius Tarqutius (Krateros)'a aittir. Mezar sahibinin Bithynia kökenli olduğu düşünülmektedir. Kendisi veya atalarından birisi Roma vatandaşlığı hakkını almaya başarmıştır. Vatandaşlık büyük ihtimalle Nero Dönemi'nde Bithynia et Pontus valisi olan Marcus Tarqutius Priscus vesilesiyle verilmiştir. Gaius Tarqutius muhtemelen Bithynia'da konuşlanmış olan bir yardımcı birlikte görev yapmış olabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Roma ordusu,yardımcı birlikler,Roma vatandaşlığı,vali,Bitinya,Nikomedeia

The funerary inscription of Gaius Tarquitius

Abstract

This article presents a fragmentary inscription of a Roman soldier named Gaius Tarquitius who served probably as an ordinary soldier or as a middle-ranking officer at best in what presumably was an auxiliary cohort. Perhaps of Bithynian extraction, Gaius Tarquitius or one of his forebears may have received Roman citizenship through the patronage of Marcus Tarquitius Priscus, proconsul of Bithynia et Pontus in the reign of Nero.

Keywords

• Roman army,auxiliary cohort,viritane grant of Roman citizenship,governor,Bithynia,Nikomedeia

References

1. G. Alföldy, Das Heer in der Sozialstruktur des Römischen Kaiserreiches, in: G. Alföldy / B. Dobson / W. Eck (eds.), Kaiser, Heer und Gesellschaft in der Römischen Kaiserzeit. Gedenkschrift für Eric Birley (Stuttgart 2000) 33–57.
2. H. Box, Roman Citizenship in Laconia, Part II, JRS 22.2, 1932, 165–83.
3. P. A. Brunt, Charges of Provincial Maladministration under the Early Principate, Historia 10, 1961, 189–227.
4. S. Cormack, Funerary Monuments and Mortuary Practice in Roman Asia Minor, in: S. E. Alcock, The Early Roman Empire in the East (Oxford 1997) 137–56.
5. J. J. Coulton, Pedestals as ‹altars› in Roman Asia Minor, AS 55, 2005, 127–57.
6. H. Dessau, Die Herkunft der Offiziere und Beamten des römischen Kaiserreiches während der ersten zwei Jahrhunderte seines Bestehens, Hermes 45, 1910, 1–26.
7. H. Devijver, Equestrian Officers from the East, in: Ph. Freeman / D. Kennedy (eds.), The Defence of the Roman and Byzantine East. Proceedings of a colloquium held at the University of Sheffield in April 1986 (Oxford 1986) 109–225 = H. Devijver, The Equestrian Officers of the Roman Imperial Army, Vol. I (Mavors Vol. VI) (Amsterdam 1989) 273–389.
8. F. K. Dörner, Inschriften und Denkmäler aus Bithynien (Berlin 1941).

9. H.-L. Fernoux, Notables et élites des cités de Bithynie aux époques hellénistique et romaine (IIIe siècle av. J.-C. – IIIe siècle ap. J.-C.). Essai d'histoire social (Lyon 2004).
10. P. A. Holder, Studies in the Auxilia of the Roman Army from Augustus to Trajan (BAR Intern. Ser. 70) (Oxford 1980).
11. F. Jacques / J. Scheid, Rom und das Reich in der Hohen Kaiserzeit: 44. v. Chr.–260 n. Chr. Vol. 1: Die Struktur des Reiches (Stuttgart/Leipzig 1998).
12. J. Kubinska, Les Monuments funéraires dans les inscriptions grecques de l'Asie mineure (Warsaw 1968).
13. J. C. Mann, Legionary Recruitment and Veteran Settlement during the Principate (Edited for publication by M. M. Roxan) (London 1983).
14. Chr. Marek, Pontus et Bithynia. Die römischen Provinzen im Norden Kleinasiens (Mainz 2003).
15. Chr. Marek, Geschichte Kleinasiens in der Antike (München 2010).
16. B. Rémy, Les fastes sénatoriaux des provinces romaines d'Anatolie au Haut-Empire (31 av. J.-C. – 284 ap. J-C.) (Pont-Bithynie, Galatie, Cappadoce, Lycie–Pamphylie et Cilicie) (Paris 1988).
17. R. O. Fink, Roman Military Records on Papyrus (Philological Monographs of the American Philological Association, no. 26) (Ann Arbor / Michigan 1971).
18. D. B. Saddington, The sorts of names used by auxiliaries in the Early Principate, in: G. Alföldy / B. Dobson / W. Eck (eds.), Kaiser, Heer und Gesellschaft in der Römischen Kaiserzeit. Gedenkschrift für Eric Birley (Stuttgart 2000) 163–78.
19. A. N. Sherwin-White, The Roman Citizenship (Oxford ²1973, reprint ed. 2001).
20. J. Spaul, Cohors². The evidence for and a short history of the auxiliary infantry units of the Imperial Roman Army (BAR Intern. Ser. 841) (Oxford 2000).
21. M. Speidel, A Spanish Cavalry Decurion in the Time of Caesar and Augustus, AEA 53, 1980, 211–3 = M. Speidel, Roman Army Studies, Vol. I (Amsterdam 1984) 111–3.
22. J. G. C. Anderson / F. Cumont / H. Grégoire (eds.), Studia Pontica, Vol. III: Recueil des inscriptions grecques et latines du Pont et de l'Arménie (Brussels 1910).
23. M. K. Torchia, Trajan and Civic Autonomy in Bithynia. A Study of the Governments of Nicaea, Nicomedia, and Prusa (Yale 1970).