The Gerousia of Akmonia

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the information on the institution of the Gerousia provided by three inscriptions from Akmonia, meticulously published by Ender Varinlioğlu in REA (108) 2006. The decree for Demades (64 AD) was introduced by the proegoros of the body and this post testifies to the complex nature of the Gerousia's legal and financial affairs. Moreover, the award of the asymbolos status to a new member chosen exclusively by Demades (the freedman Karpos), is the first undisputed proof that the Gerousia imposed regular contributions to its own members. Although we cannot be sure whether this decree was passed by the Gerousia itself or by the Council and the Assembly in response to a Gerousia's initiative, the ratification of Demades' choice by vote illustrates a carefully articulated scheme which sought to integrate a prominent individual's supremacy into the exigencies of the collective impersonal principles governing the function of Greek civic bodies and associations. A contemporary decree dated to 68 AD informs us that Demades son of Dionysogenes erected a group of three statues standing on the city gate which represented the Polis, the Demos and the Gerousia. The absence of the Council in this scheme suggests that, when it came to the symbolical representation of Akmonia's political community, civic hierarchy was flexible enough to allow the Gerousia to occupy a more prominent place. The Gerousia's public significance in Akmonia is further highlighted by the body's involvement in the pandemon decree for the Roman officer L. Egnatius Quartus dated to 2nd or the 3rd century AD. The same man had been previously honoured solely by the Council and the People but, when it was decided to award him the highly esteemed titles of ktistes and euergetes, the participation of the Gerousia was judged indispensable.

Keywords

• Akmonia,Gerousia,civic bodies,Demades,L. Egnatius Quartus

Akmonia Gerusia'sı

Abstract

Makalede Akmonia'dan ele geçen ve 2006 yılında Ender Varinlioğlu tarafından yayımlanan üç yazıt aracı­­lığıyla Gerousia kurumu incelenmektedir. Demades kararnamesi (İ.S. 64), yazıtın içerisinde geçen ifa­de­ye göre halkın proegoros'u (avukat) tarafından takdim edilmektedir. Bu proegoros mevkii Ge­rou­sia'nın adli ve mali meselelerinin çapraşık doğasını ortaya sermektedir. Ayrıca, özellikle Demades (Azat­lı Karpos) tarafından seçilen yeni bir üyeye verilecek asymbolos statüsü ödülü, Gerousia'nın kendi üye­lerine düzenli destek verdiğinin ilk tartışmasız delilidir. Bu kararnamenin Gerousia'nın kendisi tara­fın­dan mı ya da Gerousia'nın girişimine cevaben danışma ve halk meclisleri tarafından mı yasan­dığın­dan emin değiliz. Fakat Demades'in ödül için üye seçiminin oylamayla tasdiklenmesi, özenle dile ge­ti­ril­­miş bir tasarıyı resmetmektedir. Bu tasarı Yunan sivil toplumlarının ve birliklerinin işleyişini sağ­layan ortak gayrı-şahsi ilkelerin gereklerine, önde gelen bir bireyin yetki kullanımının entegre edil­me­sini amaç­­lamaktadır. Aynı dönemlerden, İ.S. 68 yılına tarihlenen bir kararname Dionysogenes'in oğlu Dema­des'in kent kapısı önünde Polis, Demos ve Gerousia'yı betimleyen üçlü bir heykel grubu dik­tirdiği hakkında bilgi vermektedir. Boule'nin bu grup içerisinde bulunmayışı, Akmonia'nın politik bir­liğinin sembolik gösterimi söz konusu olduğunda, sivil hiyerarşinin Gerousia'nın daha önemli bir yer tuttuğunu vurgulayabilecek kadar esnek olduğu ile ilgili olabilir. Akmonia'da Gerousia'nın halk içeri­sindeki önemini, İ.S. 2. ya da 3. yy.'a tarihlenen ve Roma subayı L. Egnatius Quartus için çıkarılan pan­­demon kararnamesindeki halk müdahalesi öne çıkarmaktadır. Aynı kişi daha önceleri sadece Danış­ma ve Halk meclisleri tarafından onurlandırılmışken, ona daha üst derecede itibarı olan ktistes ve eu­er­getes unvanları verilmek istendiğinde Gerousia'nın da iştiraki gerekli olmuştur.

Keywords

• Akmonia,Gerousia,kent organları,Demades,L. Egnatius Quartus

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