Gölgeleme etkisi altında fotovoltaik ve fotovoltaik/termal sistemlerin performans değerlendirmesi

Abstract

Enerji kaynaklarının hızla tükenmesi yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarına yönelmeyi zorunlu kılmaktadır. Bu noktada özellikle güneş enerjisi, potansiyeliyle en popüler enerji kaynaklarının başında gelmektedir. Doğrudan fotovoltaik (PV) sistemlerle elektrik üretebilen modüllerin yanı sıra termal enerjiden yararlanmaya olanak sağlayan fotovoltaik termal (PV/T) sistemler de son yıllarda hızlı bir ilerleme kaydetmiştir. Bu çalışmada PV ve PV/T sistemlerin performansını etkileyen temel parametreler öne çıkarılarak temel dinamikler belirlenmeye çalışılmaktadır. Ayrıca uygulamalarda oldukça yaygın olan gölgeleme etkisi de ele alınmaktadır. Daha sonra sistemlerin performansını arttıran çalışmalara bir arada yer verilerek çalışmaların karşılaştırılmasına fırsat sunulmaktadır. Yenilikçi yaklaşımlarla PV sistemlerin farklı uygulamalarıyla daha küçük ölçeklerde bile iyi sonuçlar alınabileceği görülmektedir. Kombine sistemler ile küçük alan uygulamalarında hem elektrik üretimi hem de ısıl fayda sağlanarak binalarda uygulanabilirliği analiz edilmektedir.

Keywords

• PV and PV/T sistemler
• havalı ve sulu toplayıcılar
• sistem performansı
• gölgeleme
• verim
• I-V and P-V eğrisi

Performance assessment of photovoltaic and photovoltaic/thermal systems under the impact of shadowing

Abstract

The rapid depletion of energy resources makes it necessary to turn to renewable energy sources. At this point, it is one of the most popular energy sources, especially with its solar potential. Photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) systems, which allow benefiting from thermal energy as well as modules that can produce electricity with direct photovoltaic (PV) systems, have made rapid progress in recent years. In this study, basic dynamics are tried to be determined by highlighting the basic parameters that affect the performance of PV and PV/T systems. In addition, the shading effect, which is quite common in applications, is discussed. Then, the studies, which increase the performance of the systems, are included together and the opportunity to compare the studies is presented. With innovative approaches, it is seen that good results can be obtained even at smaller scales with different applications of PV systems. With combined systems, the applicability in buildings is analysed by providing both electricity generation and thermal benefits in small-area applications.

Keywords

• PV and PV/T systems
• air and water collectors
• system performance
• shadowing
• efficiency
• I-V and P-V curve

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