A Review on Cobalt Recovery from Waste Lithium Ion Batteries

Abstract

With the increasing usage rates of lithium ion batteries (LIBs) used in energy storage, the management of the resulting waste has also become increasingly important. The short lifespan of lithium-ion batteries and the precious metals they contain require careful management of these wastes from a technical, environmental and economic perspective. Therefore, in the context of the recovery of precious metals such as cobalt from waste lithium ion batteries and studies on this subject, in this article, literature studies on the recovery of cobalt from the commonly sed types of lithium ion batteries in the form of Nickel Manganese Cobalt (NMC) and Lithium Cobalt Oxide (LCO) have been evaluated. The literature review shows that the most commonly used methods are hydrometallurgical, pyrometallurgical and direct recovery methods. As the demand for LIB increases in the coming years, the need to develop and otimize innovative methods for cobalt recovery will become even more important in achieving sustainability goals within energy storage systems.

Keywords

• Recovery
• Hydrometallurgy
• Cobalt
• Lithium Ion Batteries
• Pyrometallurgy

Atık Lityum İyon Pillerden Kobalt Geri Kazanımı Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme

Abstract

Enerji depolama alanında kullanılan lityum iyon pillerin (LIB) kullanım oranlarının artmasıyla birlikte, ortaya çıkan atıkların yönetimi de giderek daha önemli hale gelmiştir. Lityum iyon pillerin kısa ömürlü olmaları ve içerdikleri değerli metaller, bu atıkların, teknik, çevresel ve ekonomik açıdan dikkatli bir şekilde yönetilmesini gerektirmektedir. Dolayısıyla, atık lityum iyon pillerden kobalt gibi değerli metallerin geri kazanımı ve bu konuda yapılan çalışmalar bağlamında bu makalede, lityum iyon pillerin yaygın olarak kullanılan Nikel Manganez Kobalt (NMC) ve Lityum Kobalt Oksit (LCO) formundaki tiplerinden kobaltın geri kazanımıyla ilgili literatür çalışmaları değerlendirilmiştir. Yapılan literatür taramasında en çok başvurulan yöntemlerin, hidrometalurjik, pirometalurjik ve doğrudan geri kazanım yöntemleri olduğu görülmüştür. Önümüzdeki yıllarda LIB talebi arttıkça, kobalt geri kazanımı için inovatif yöntemlerin geliştirilmesi ve optimize edilmesi ihtiyacının, enerji depolama sistemleri içerisinde sürdürülebilirlik hedeflerine ulaşabilmek açısından daha da önemli hale geleceği düşünülmektedir.

Keywords

• Geri kazanım
• Hidrometalurji
• Kobalt
• Lityum iyon piller
• Pirometalurji

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