Derleme
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Various Methods to Improve Energy Efficiency in Industrial Refrigerators

Yıl 2024, , 1 - 22

Öz

Effective and efficient energy consumption, environmental sensitivities, climate change, and global warming are significant issues that the world is currently focusing on. Industrial refrigerators are the devices that have significant effects under the mentioned headings. Environmental sensitivities should be valued when improving innovative designs for effective and efficient energy consumption in industrial refrigerators. Moreover, with both international and national regulations recently, designs to be made at this point have become an obligation rather than a necessity. This study aims to use energy effectively and efficiently, creating an energy efficiency factor in industrial refrigerators; various aspects, such as components, insulation, refrigerant, control technique, ambient conditions, cooling cycle, and airflow were studied from different perspectives and grouped, and the outputs obtained as a result of the studies were compiled. The grouped and compiled outputs were presented title-based and optimum solutions in terms of energy efficiency were discussed. The presented outputs will be used as effective design inputs in the studies carried out by researchers and product manufacturers, thus, as a result of innovative studies that create energy efficiency, designs with substantial environmental sensitivity, especially carbon emissions, will emerge. In addition, it thought that innovative and efficient designs would make direct and indirect contributions to the economy.

Kaynakça

  • [1] Y. Salehy, H. M. Hoang, F. Cluzel, Y. Leroy, A. Delahaye, L. Fournaison, and B. Yannou, “Energy performances assessment for sustainable design recommendations: Case study of a supermarket's refrigeration system,” Procedia CIRP, vol. 90, pp. 328-333, January 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.procir.2020.01.102
  • [2] M. Aktaş, S. Erten, E. Demirci, E. Kılıç ve F. N. Erdoğmuş, Teknoloji ve Mühendislik Bilimlerine Güncel Bakış: Doğrudan Satış İşlevli Endüstriyel Soğutma Sistemlerinde Enerji Verimliliğinin Arttırılması ve Çevresel Etkilerin Azaltılmasına Yönelik Yapılan Çalışmalar, Ankara, Türkiye: İksad Yayınevi, 2021, 49-99.
  • [3] N. Kuduz ve S. Bürhan, “Süpermarketler tarafından yapılan satış geliştirme faaliyetlerinin cinsiyet açısından değerlendirilmesi,” Güncel Pazarlama Yaklaşımları ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 68-86, December 2020.
  • [4] H. Kauko, K. H. Kvalsvik, N. Masson, C. Noel, S. Minetto, A. Rossetti, S. Marinetti, D. Thalheim, K. Martens, M. Karampour, S. Piscopiello, N. Fidorra, B. G. Frontera, A. Saez de Guinoa, L. M. Toledo, S. Ciconkov, V. Ciconkov, “Proposal for the Development of the EU Ecolabel Criteria for Food Retail Stores,” ec.europa.eu, January 18, 2019. Available: https://ec.europa.eu/research/participants/documents/downloadPublic?documentIds=080166e5c2381d34&appId=PPGMS. [Accessed: 13 Oct. 2023].
  • [5] M. R. Braun, H. Altan H., and S. B. M. Beck, “Using regression analysis to predict the future energy consumption of a supermarket in the UK”, Applied Energy, vol. 130, pp. 305-313, October 2014. doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.05.062
  • [6] S. A Tassou, Y. Ge, A. Hadawey, and D. Marriott, “Energy consumption and conservation in food retailing,” Applied Thermal Engineering, vol. 31, no. 2–3, pp. 147–156, February 2011. doi: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2010.08.023
  • [7] N. A. Shaban, I. Nasser, J. Al Asfar, S. Al-Qawabah, and A. N. Olimat, “Thermodynamic and economic analysis of a refrigerator display cabinet equipped with a DC compressor and electronic expansion valve,” International Journal of Heat and Technology, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 432-438, June 2020. doi: 10.18280/ijht.380219
  • [8] Ş. Ünal, M. T. Erdinç ve Ç. Kutlu, “Çift buharlaştırıcılı ve ejektörlü bir soğutma sisteminin termodinamik analizi,” Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 31, no.4, pp. 1039-1047, Aralık 2016. Doi: 10.17341/gazimmfd.278459
  • [9] C. Ocak, M. Koşan, S. Erten, F. N Erdoğmuş, and M. Öder, “Comparison of different compressor technologies for refrigerated display cabinet: Experimental study,” Materials Today: Proceedings, vol. 81, no. 1, pp. 74-80, 2023. doi: /10.1016/j.matpr.2023.01.213
  • [10] N. Bilir Sag, H. K. Ersoy, A. Hepbasli, and A. S. Halkaci, “Energetic and exergetic comparison of basic and ejector expander refrigeration systems operating under the same external conditions and cooling capacities,” Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 90, pp. 184-194, January 2015. doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2014.11.023
  • [11] F. T. Knabben, A. F. Ronzoni, and C. J. L. Hermes, “Application of electronic expansion valves in domestic refrigerators,” International Journal of Refrigeration, vol. 119, pp. 227-237, November 2020. doi: doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2020.07.029
  • [12] B. Doğan, M. M. Ozturk, T. Tosun, M. Tosun, and L. B. Erbay, “A novel condenser with offset strip fins on a mini channel flat tube for reducing the energy consumption of a household refrigerator,” Journal of Building Engineering, vol. 44, pp. 102932, December 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.jobe.2021.102932
  • [13] P. A. Patil, “Performance analysis of HFC-404A vapor compression refrigeration system using shell and u-tube smooth and micro-fin tube condensers,” A Journal of Thermal Energy Generation, Transport, Storage, and Conversion, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 77-91, March 2012. doi: 10.1080/08916152.2011.562343
  • [14] L. Zhang, T. Fujinawa, and M. Saikawa, “Theoretical study on a frost-free refrigerated display cabinet,” International Journal of Refrigeration, vol. 74, pp. 95-104, February 2017. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2016.09.027
  • [15] Š. Vidrih, “Strategije za optimizacijo stroškov porabe električne energije hladilne tehnike v nakupovalnih središčih,” Magistrsko Delo, Univerza v Ljubljani, Fakulteta za Elektrotehniko, Ljubljani, Slovenija, 2014.
  • [16] G. G. Heidinger, S. M. Nascimento, P. D. Gaspar, and P. D. Silva, “Relevant parameters on the energy efficiency of closed refrigerated multideck display cases,” WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, vol. 205, pp. 71-81, January 2016. doi: 10.2495/EQ160071
  • [17] B. Wang, and X. Li, “State of the art of new technologies applied to chillers,” in 42nd Informatory Note on Refrigeration Technologies, 30 March 2021, Paris, France, [Online]. Available: IIR/IIF, https://www.iifiir.org. [Accessed: 13 Oct. 2023].
  • [18] D. Rauss, S. Mitchell, and R. Faramarzi, “Cool retrofit solutions in refrigerated display cases,” ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings, vol. 9, pp. 233-244, 2008.
  • [19] S. Jadhav, S. Panchal, P. Kulkarni, T. Firake, R. Melwanki, and U. Asolekar, “Design of an innovative refrigerated display cabinet,” International Journal Of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 638-643, February 2021. doi: 10.17577/IJERTCONV9IS03133
  • [20] M. Orlandi, F. M. Visconi, and S. Zampini, “CFD assisted design of closed display cabinets,” in 2nd IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain, 2-4 April 2013, Paris, France [Online]. Available: IIR/IIF, https://www.iifiir.org. [Accessed: 13 Oct. 2023].
  • [21] G. Liu, G. Yan G., and J. Yu, “A review of refrigerator gasket: Development trend, heat and mass transfer characteristics, structure and material optimization,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 144, pp. 110975, July 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2021.110975
  • [22] P. D'Agaro, G. Croce, and N. Suzzi, “CFD simulation of anti-fogging coatings performance in refrigerated display cabinets,” Journal of Physics: Conference Series, vol. 1868, pp. 012002, September 2021. doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1868/1/012002
  • [23] G. D. Ander, “Display case shields reduce supermarket energy use,” econofrost.com, March 24, 2005. Available: https://econofrost.com/acrobat/SouthernCaliforniaEdison.pdf. [Accessed: 13 Oct. 2023].
  • [24] N. Chaomuang, D. Flick, A. Denis, and O. Laguerre, “Influence of operating conditions on the temperature performance of a closed refrigerated display cabinet,” International Journal of Refrigeration, vol. 103, pp. 32-41, July 2019. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2019.03.031
  • [25] N. Chaomuang, O. Laguerre, and D. Flick, “A simplified heat transfer model of a closed refrigerated display cabinet,” Thermal Science and Engineering Progress, vol. 17, pp. 100494, June 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.tsep.2020.100494
  • [26] P. H. Pedersen, J. K. Jensen, N. P. Reinholdt, W. B. Markussen, and M. L. Hansen, “Energy efficient professional counter cabinet,” in 13th Gustav Lorentzen Conference, 18-20 June 2018, Valencia, Spain, [Online]. Available: IIR/IIF, https://www.iifiir.org. [Accessed: 13 Oct. 2023].
  • [27] I. Humar, U. Hudomalj, A. Marinšek, and M. Umberger, “Optimizing the power usage of anti-sweat heaters in glass-door refrigerators according to the dew point,” Energies, vol. 15, no. 13, pp. 4601, June 2022. doi: 10.3390/en15134601.
  • [28] B. Gil, and J. Kasperski, “Efficiency evaluation of the ejector cooling cycle using a new generation of HFO/HCFO refrigerant as a R134a replacement,” Energies, vol. 11, no. 8, pp. 2136, August 2018. doi: 10.3390/en11082136
  • [29] B. Şahin Yıldırım ve A. Şencan Şahin, “Farklı akışkanların kullanıldığı iki kademeli soğutma sisteminin enerji ve ekserji analizi,” Teknik Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 37-41, Temmuz 2020. doi: 10.35354/tbed.722878
  • [30] F. Katırcıoğlu, Z. Cingiz, Y. Çay, A. T. Gürel, S. Sarıdemir ve A. Kolip, “R22 ve Alternatifleri R438A ile R417A Soğutucu Akışkanları için Kızılötesi Görüntü İşleme Teknikleri Kullanarak, Soğutma Sistem Performansının İncelenmesi,” Academic Platform Journal of Engineering and Science, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 500-513, Eylül 2020. doi: doi.org/10.21541/apjes.726624 [31] O. Banjo, B. Bolaji, O. Ibhadode, O. Fayomi, I. Sunday, O. B. Fakehinde, P. A. Olayiwola, S. Oyedepo, and N. Udoye, “Experimental analysis of the performance characteristic of an eco-friendly HC600a as a retrofitting refrigerant in a thermal system,” Journal of Physics: Conference Series, vol. 1378, pp. 042033, December 2019. doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1378/4/042033
  • [32] A. Sethi, G. Pottker, and S. Y. Motta, “Experimental evaluation and field trial of low global warming potential R404A replacements for commercial refrigeration,” Science and Technology for the Built Environment, vol. 22, no. 8, pp. 1175-1184, July 2016. doi: 10.1080/23744731.2016.1209032
  • [33] G. Besagni, L. Croci, and R. Nesa, “A screening of low-GWP refrigerant for ejector refrigeration,” Chemical Engineering Transactions, vol. 70, pp. 1291-1296, July 2018. doi: 10.3303/CET1870216
  • [34] K. S. Hmood, V. Apostol, H. Pop, V. Badescu, and E. Pop, “Drop-in and retrofit refrigerants as replacement possibilities of R134a in domestic/commercial refrigeration and automobile air conditioner applications,” Journal of Thermal Engineering, vol. 7, no. 7, pp. 1815-1835, November 2021. doi: 10.18186/thermal.1027435
  • [35] J. S. Oh, M. Binns, S. Park, and J. K. Kim, “Improving the energy efficiency of industrial refrigeration systems,” Energy, vol. 112, pp. 826-835, October 2016. doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2016.06.119
  • [36] T. Yilmaz, and M. T. Erdinç, “Energetic and exergetic investigation of a novel refrigeration system utilizing ejector integrated subcooling using different refrigerants,” Energy, vol. 168, pp. 712-727, February 2019. doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2018.11.081
  • [37] J. M. Belman-Flores, S. Ledesma, D. A. Rodríguez-Valderrama, and D. Hernández-Fusilier, “Energy optimization of a domestic refrigerator controlled by a fuzzy logic system using the status of the door,” International Journal of Refrigeration, vol. 104, pp. 1-8, May 2019. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2019.04.025
  • [38] S. Kasera, R. Nayak, and S. C. Bhaduri, “Energy efficiency analysis of variable speed DC compressor using R290,” in 5th IEEE International Conference on Recent Advances and Innovations in Engineering (ICRAIE), 1-3 December 2020, Jaipur, India, [Online]. Available: IEEE Xplore, http://www.ieee.org [Accessed: 13 Oct. 2023].
  • [39] F. W. Yu, and K. T. Chan, “Optimizing condenser fan control for air-cooled centrifugal chillers,” International Journal of Thermal Sciences, vol. 47, pp. 942-953, July 2008. doi: 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2007.07.018 [40] J. K. Jensen, M. R. Kærn, P. H. Pedersen, and W. B. Markussen, “Comparison of compressor control strategies for energy efficient refrigerated counters,” International Journal of Refrigeration, vol. 126, pp. 1-11, February 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2021.02.008
  • [41] A. Bahman, L. Rosario, and M. M. Rahman, “Analysis of energy savings in a supermarket refrigeration/HVAC system,” Applied Energy, vol. 98, pp. 11-21, October 2012. doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.02.043
  • [42] M. Koşan, Y. Dilber, S. Erten, E. M. Bahar, F. N. Erdoğmuş, M. Aktaş, and M. Öder, “Investigation of the effects of fan control technique on energy consumption in industrial refrigerated display cabinet: An experimental study,” Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering, November 2022. doi: 10.1177/09544089221141360
  • [43] J. Cirera, J. A. Carino, D. Zurita, J. A. Ortega, “Improving the energy efficiency of industrial refrigeration systems by means of data-driven load management,” Processes, vol. 8, no. 9, pp. 1106, September 2020. doi: 10.3390/pr8091106
  • [44] R. Ben-Abdallah, D. Leducq, A. Delahaye, L. Fournaison, O. Pateau, B. Ballot-Miguet, H. M. Hoang, “Analysis of phase change material integration in retail display cabinets for energy management,” Applied Thermal Engineering, vol. 187, pp. 116459, December 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2020.116459
  • [45] S. M. Zubair, “Improvement of refrigeration/air-conditioning performance with mechanical sub-cooling,” Energy, vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 427-433, May 1990. doi: 10.1016/0360-5442(90)90039-5
  • [46] D. Sánchez, R. Cabello, R. Llopis, J. Catalán-Gil, and L. Nebot-Andrés, “Energy assessment of an R134a refrigeration plant upgraded to an indirect system using R152a and R1234ze(E) as refrigerants,” Applied Thermal Engineering, vol. 139, pp. 121-134, July 2018. doi: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.04.114
  • [47] R. Llopis, L. Nebot-Andrés, R. Cabello, D. Sánchez, and J. Catalán-Gil, “Experimental evaluation of a CO2 transcritical refrigeration plant with dedicated mechanical subcooling,” International Journal of Refrigeration, vol. 69, pp. 361-368, June 2016. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2016.06.009
  • [48] R. Roy, and B. K. Mandal, “Thermodynamic analysis of a vapour compression refrigeration system integrated with a subcooler cycle,” International Journal of Renewable Energy Technology, vol. 8, no. 3-4, pp. 334-345, January 2017. doi: 10.1504/IJRET.2017.088982
  • [49] K. Yu, G. Ding, and T. Chen, “Experimental investigation on a vertical display cabinet with central air supply,” Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 50, no. 9, pp. 2257-2265, September 2009. doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2009.05.012
  • [50] P. Gullo, “Innovative fully integrated transcritical R744 refrigeration systems for a HFC-free future of supermarkets in warm and hot climates,” International Journal of Refrigeration, vol. 108, pp. 283-310, December 2019. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2019.09.001
  • [51] Z. Sun, and Y. Wang, “Comprehensive performance analysis of cascade refrigeration system with two-stage compression for industrial refrigeration,” Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, vol. 39, pp. 102400, September 2022. doi: 10.1016/j.csite.2022.102400
  • [52] M. Karampour, and S. Sawalha, “Energy efficiency evaluation of integrated CO2 trans-critical system in supermarkets: A field measurements and modelling analysis,” International Journal Of Refrigeration, vol. 82, pp. 470-486, August 2017. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2017.06.002
  • [53] P. Yuan, Q. H. Zeng, Y. X. Wu, Y. L. Lu, C. L. Hu, H. C. Sun, and W. Q. Tao, “Experimental study of using aerofoils in a refrigerated display cabinet,” International Journal of Thermofluids, vol. 14, pp. 100140, May 2022. doi: 10.1016/j.ijft.2022.100140
  • [54] C. H. Lin, P. S. Cheng, C. H. Hsieh, Y. M. Li, and P. Y. Yu, “Investigations on predictions of cooling capacity for open refrigerated display cabinet using CFD approach with different positions of perforated back panels,” Thermal Science and Engineering Progress, vol. 43, pp. 102018, August 2023. doi: 10.1016/j.tsep.2023.102018
  • [55] K. M. Tsamos, H. Mroue, J. Sun, S. A Tassou, N. Nicholls, and G. Smith, “Energy Savings Potential in Using Cold-shelves Innovation for Multi-deck Open Front Refrigerated Cabinets,” Energy Procedia, vol. 161, pp. 292-299, March 2019. doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.094
  • [56] X. Li, Z. Zhang, H. Liu, X. Hu, S. Liu, Z. Xu, and Q. Wang, “Performance of an open refrigerated display cabinet with two air curtains,” Applied Thermal Engineering, vol. 212, pp. 118549, July 2022. doi: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2022.118549
  • [57] X. Wu, Z. Chang, P. Yuan, Y. Lu, Q. Ma, and X. Yin, “The optimization and effect of back panel structure on the performance of refrigerated display cabinet,” Food Control, vol. 40, pp. 278-285, June 2014. doi: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.12.009
  • [58] M. N. Nikitin, “Numerical analysis of refrigerated display designs in terms of cooling efficiency,” International Journal of Thermal Sciences, vol. 148, pp. 106157, February 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2019.106157
  • [59] E. Hammond, C. Marques, and L. P. Ketteringham, “Application of short air curtains in retail display refrigerators,” in 4th IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain, 7-9 April 2016, Aukland, New Zealand, [Online]. Available: IIR/IIF, https://www.iifiir.org. [Accessed: 13 Oct. 2023].
  • [60] W. XueHong, L. WeiPing, W. Yanling, C. ZhiJuan, W. ChunXu, and D. Chang, “Experimental investigation of the performance of cool storage shelf for vertical open refrigerated display cabinet,” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 110, pp. 789-795, July 2017. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2017.03.071
  • [61] H. Jouhara, T. Nannou, H. Ghazal, R. Kayyali, S. A Tassou, and S. Lester, “Temperature and energy performance of open refrigerated display cabinets using heat pipe shelves,” Energy Procedia, vol. 123, pp. 273-280, September 2017. doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2017.07.240
  • [62] N. Chaomuang, D. Flick, A. Denis, and O. Laguerre, “Experimental analysis of heat transfer and airflow in a closed refrigerated display cabinet,” Journal of Food Engineering, vol. 244, pp. 101-114, March 2019. doi: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2018.09.009
  • [63] J. Sun, K. M. Tsamos, and S. A Tassou, “CFD comparisons of open-type refrigerated display cabinets with/without air guiding strips,” Energy Procedia, vol. 123, pp. 54-61, September 2017. doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2017.07.284
  • [64] Y. Wang, S. Qian, J. Xu, L. Li, X. Dou, X. Li, G. Yan, and J. Yu, “Numerical study on the air curtain characteristics of a dual-temperature open display cabinet,” International Journal of Refrigeration, vol. 126, pp. 23-34, June 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2021.02.007
  • [65] C. Melo, and L. W. Silva, “A perspective on energy savings in household refrigerators,” in Sustainable Refrigeration and Heat Pump Technology Conference, Stockholm, Sweden, 13-16 June 2010.

Endüstriyel Soğutucularda Enerji Verimliliğini Arttırmaya Yönelik Çeşitli Yöntemler

Yıl 2024, , 1 - 22

Öz

Enerjinin etkin ve verimli kullanılması, çevresel hassasiyetler, iklim değişimi ve küresel ısınma güncel olarak tüm dünyanın üzerinde durduğu önemli başlıklardır. Endüstriyel soğutucular da bahsedilen başlıklar içinde önemli etkilere sahip cihazlardır. Endüstriyel soğutucularda enerjinin etkin ve verimli kullanımına ilişkin yenilikçi tasarımlar geliştirirken çevresel hassasiyetler de göz ardı edilmemelidir. Ayrıca, son zamanlarda gerek uluslararası gerekse de ulusal düzenlemelerle bu noktada yapılacak tasarımlar gereklilikten ziyade bir zorunluluk haline gelmiştir. Enerjinin etkin ve verimli kullanılmasını amaç edinen bu çalışmada, endüstriyel soğutucularda enerji verimliliği unsuru yaratan; komponentler, yalıtım, soğutucu akışkan, kontrol tekniği, ortam şartları, soğutma çevrimi ve hava akışı bazlı farklı perspektifteki çalışmalar incelenerek gruplandırılmış ve çalışmalar sonucunda ortaya konulan çıktılar derlenmiştir. Gruplandırılan ve derlenen çıktılar başlık temelli sunularak enerji verimliliği açısından optimum çözümler tartışılmıştır. Sunulan çıktılar, araştırmacı ve ürün üreticilerinin gerçekleştirecekleri çalışmalarda etkin tasarım girdileri olarak kullanılacak böylelikle enerji verimliliği yaratan yenilikçi çalışmaların sonucunda da karbon salınımı başta olmak üzere çevresel hassasiyeti güçlü tasarımlar ortaya çıkacaktır. Ayrıca yenilikçi ve verimli olarak geliştirilen tasarımların ekonomiye de doğrudan ve dolaylı katkılar vereceği düşünülmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • [1] Y. Salehy, H. M. Hoang, F. Cluzel, Y. Leroy, A. Delahaye, L. Fournaison, and B. Yannou, “Energy performances assessment for sustainable design recommendations: Case study of a supermarket's refrigeration system,” Procedia CIRP, vol. 90, pp. 328-333, January 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.procir.2020.01.102
  • [2] M. Aktaş, S. Erten, E. Demirci, E. Kılıç ve F. N. Erdoğmuş, Teknoloji ve Mühendislik Bilimlerine Güncel Bakış: Doğrudan Satış İşlevli Endüstriyel Soğutma Sistemlerinde Enerji Verimliliğinin Arttırılması ve Çevresel Etkilerin Azaltılmasına Yönelik Yapılan Çalışmalar, Ankara, Türkiye: İksad Yayınevi, 2021, 49-99.
  • [3] N. Kuduz ve S. Bürhan, “Süpermarketler tarafından yapılan satış geliştirme faaliyetlerinin cinsiyet açısından değerlendirilmesi,” Güncel Pazarlama Yaklaşımları ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 68-86, December 2020.
  • [4] H. Kauko, K. H. Kvalsvik, N. Masson, C. Noel, S. Minetto, A. Rossetti, S. Marinetti, D. Thalheim, K. Martens, M. Karampour, S. Piscopiello, N. Fidorra, B. G. Frontera, A. Saez de Guinoa, L. M. Toledo, S. Ciconkov, V. Ciconkov, “Proposal for the Development of the EU Ecolabel Criteria for Food Retail Stores,” ec.europa.eu, January 18, 2019. Available: https://ec.europa.eu/research/participants/documents/downloadPublic?documentIds=080166e5c2381d34&appId=PPGMS. [Accessed: 13 Oct. 2023].
  • [5] M. R. Braun, H. Altan H., and S. B. M. Beck, “Using regression analysis to predict the future energy consumption of a supermarket in the UK”, Applied Energy, vol. 130, pp. 305-313, October 2014. doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.05.062
  • [6] S. A Tassou, Y. Ge, A. Hadawey, and D. Marriott, “Energy consumption and conservation in food retailing,” Applied Thermal Engineering, vol. 31, no. 2–3, pp. 147–156, February 2011. doi: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2010.08.023
  • [7] N. A. Shaban, I. Nasser, J. Al Asfar, S. Al-Qawabah, and A. N. Olimat, “Thermodynamic and economic analysis of a refrigerator display cabinet equipped with a DC compressor and electronic expansion valve,” International Journal of Heat and Technology, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 432-438, June 2020. doi: 10.18280/ijht.380219
  • [8] Ş. Ünal, M. T. Erdinç ve Ç. Kutlu, “Çift buharlaştırıcılı ve ejektörlü bir soğutma sisteminin termodinamik analizi,” Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 31, no.4, pp. 1039-1047, Aralık 2016. Doi: 10.17341/gazimmfd.278459
  • [9] C. Ocak, M. Koşan, S. Erten, F. N Erdoğmuş, and M. Öder, “Comparison of different compressor technologies for refrigerated display cabinet: Experimental study,” Materials Today: Proceedings, vol. 81, no. 1, pp. 74-80, 2023. doi: /10.1016/j.matpr.2023.01.213
  • [10] N. Bilir Sag, H. K. Ersoy, A. Hepbasli, and A. S. Halkaci, “Energetic and exergetic comparison of basic and ejector expander refrigeration systems operating under the same external conditions and cooling capacities,” Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 90, pp. 184-194, January 2015. doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2014.11.023
  • [11] F. T. Knabben, A. F. Ronzoni, and C. J. L. Hermes, “Application of electronic expansion valves in domestic refrigerators,” International Journal of Refrigeration, vol. 119, pp. 227-237, November 2020. doi: doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2020.07.029
  • [12] B. Doğan, M. M. Ozturk, T. Tosun, M. Tosun, and L. B. Erbay, “A novel condenser with offset strip fins on a mini channel flat tube for reducing the energy consumption of a household refrigerator,” Journal of Building Engineering, vol. 44, pp. 102932, December 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.jobe.2021.102932
  • [13] P. A. Patil, “Performance analysis of HFC-404A vapor compression refrigeration system using shell and u-tube smooth and micro-fin tube condensers,” A Journal of Thermal Energy Generation, Transport, Storage, and Conversion, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 77-91, March 2012. doi: 10.1080/08916152.2011.562343
  • [14] L. Zhang, T. Fujinawa, and M. Saikawa, “Theoretical study on a frost-free refrigerated display cabinet,” International Journal of Refrigeration, vol. 74, pp. 95-104, February 2017. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2016.09.027
  • [15] Š. Vidrih, “Strategije za optimizacijo stroškov porabe električne energije hladilne tehnike v nakupovalnih središčih,” Magistrsko Delo, Univerza v Ljubljani, Fakulteta za Elektrotehniko, Ljubljani, Slovenija, 2014.
  • [16] G. G. Heidinger, S. M. Nascimento, P. D. Gaspar, and P. D. Silva, “Relevant parameters on the energy efficiency of closed refrigerated multideck display cases,” WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, vol. 205, pp. 71-81, January 2016. doi: 10.2495/EQ160071
  • [17] B. Wang, and X. Li, “State of the art of new technologies applied to chillers,” in 42nd Informatory Note on Refrigeration Technologies, 30 March 2021, Paris, France, [Online]. Available: IIR/IIF, https://www.iifiir.org. [Accessed: 13 Oct. 2023].
  • [18] D. Rauss, S. Mitchell, and R. Faramarzi, “Cool retrofit solutions in refrigerated display cases,” ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings, vol. 9, pp. 233-244, 2008.
  • [19] S. Jadhav, S. Panchal, P. Kulkarni, T. Firake, R. Melwanki, and U. Asolekar, “Design of an innovative refrigerated display cabinet,” International Journal Of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 638-643, February 2021. doi: 10.17577/IJERTCONV9IS03133
  • [20] M. Orlandi, F. M. Visconi, and S. Zampini, “CFD assisted design of closed display cabinets,” in 2nd IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain, 2-4 April 2013, Paris, France [Online]. Available: IIR/IIF, https://www.iifiir.org. [Accessed: 13 Oct. 2023].
  • [21] G. Liu, G. Yan G., and J. Yu, “A review of refrigerator gasket: Development trend, heat and mass transfer characteristics, structure and material optimization,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 144, pp. 110975, July 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2021.110975
  • [22] P. D'Agaro, G. Croce, and N. Suzzi, “CFD simulation of anti-fogging coatings performance in refrigerated display cabinets,” Journal of Physics: Conference Series, vol. 1868, pp. 012002, September 2021. doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1868/1/012002
  • [23] G. D. Ander, “Display case shields reduce supermarket energy use,” econofrost.com, March 24, 2005. Available: https://econofrost.com/acrobat/SouthernCaliforniaEdison.pdf. [Accessed: 13 Oct. 2023].
  • [24] N. Chaomuang, D. Flick, A. Denis, and O. Laguerre, “Influence of operating conditions on the temperature performance of a closed refrigerated display cabinet,” International Journal of Refrigeration, vol. 103, pp. 32-41, July 2019. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2019.03.031
  • [25] N. Chaomuang, O. Laguerre, and D. Flick, “A simplified heat transfer model of a closed refrigerated display cabinet,” Thermal Science and Engineering Progress, vol. 17, pp. 100494, June 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.tsep.2020.100494
  • [26] P. H. Pedersen, J. K. Jensen, N. P. Reinholdt, W. B. Markussen, and M. L. Hansen, “Energy efficient professional counter cabinet,” in 13th Gustav Lorentzen Conference, 18-20 June 2018, Valencia, Spain, [Online]. Available: IIR/IIF, https://www.iifiir.org. [Accessed: 13 Oct. 2023].
  • [27] I. Humar, U. Hudomalj, A. Marinšek, and M. Umberger, “Optimizing the power usage of anti-sweat heaters in glass-door refrigerators according to the dew point,” Energies, vol. 15, no. 13, pp. 4601, June 2022. doi: 10.3390/en15134601.
  • [28] B. Gil, and J. Kasperski, “Efficiency evaluation of the ejector cooling cycle using a new generation of HFO/HCFO refrigerant as a R134a replacement,” Energies, vol. 11, no. 8, pp. 2136, August 2018. doi: 10.3390/en11082136
  • [29] B. Şahin Yıldırım ve A. Şencan Şahin, “Farklı akışkanların kullanıldığı iki kademeli soğutma sisteminin enerji ve ekserji analizi,” Teknik Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 37-41, Temmuz 2020. doi: 10.35354/tbed.722878
  • [30] F. Katırcıoğlu, Z. Cingiz, Y. Çay, A. T. Gürel, S. Sarıdemir ve A. Kolip, “R22 ve Alternatifleri R438A ile R417A Soğutucu Akışkanları için Kızılötesi Görüntü İşleme Teknikleri Kullanarak, Soğutma Sistem Performansının İncelenmesi,” Academic Platform Journal of Engineering and Science, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 500-513, Eylül 2020. doi: doi.org/10.21541/apjes.726624 [31] O. Banjo, B. Bolaji, O. Ibhadode, O. Fayomi, I. Sunday, O. B. Fakehinde, P. A. Olayiwola, S. Oyedepo, and N. Udoye, “Experimental analysis of the performance characteristic of an eco-friendly HC600a as a retrofitting refrigerant in a thermal system,” Journal of Physics: Conference Series, vol. 1378, pp. 042033, December 2019. doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1378/4/042033
  • [32] A. Sethi, G. Pottker, and S. Y. Motta, “Experimental evaluation and field trial of low global warming potential R404A replacements for commercial refrigeration,” Science and Technology for the Built Environment, vol. 22, no. 8, pp. 1175-1184, July 2016. doi: 10.1080/23744731.2016.1209032
  • [33] G. Besagni, L. Croci, and R. Nesa, “A screening of low-GWP refrigerant for ejector refrigeration,” Chemical Engineering Transactions, vol. 70, pp. 1291-1296, July 2018. doi: 10.3303/CET1870216
  • [34] K. S. Hmood, V. Apostol, H. Pop, V. Badescu, and E. Pop, “Drop-in and retrofit refrigerants as replacement possibilities of R134a in domestic/commercial refrigeration and automobile air conditioner applications,” Journal of Thermal Engineering, vol. 7, no. 7, pp. 1815-1835, November 2021. doi: 10.18186/thermal.1027435
  • [35] J. S. Oh, M. Binns, S. Park, and J. K. Kim, “Improving the energy efficiency of industrial refrigeration systems,” Energy, vol. 112, pp. 826-835, October 2016. doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2016.06.119
  • [36] T. Yilmaz, and M. T. Erdinç, “Energetic and exergetic investigation of a novel refrigeration system utilizing ejector integrated subcooling using different refrigerants,” Energy, vol. 168, pp. 712-727, February 2019. doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2018.11.081
  • [37] J. M. Belman-Flores, S. Ledesma, D. A. Rodríguez-Valderrama, and D. Hernández-Fusilier, “Energy optimization of a domestic refrigerator controlled by a fuzzy logic system using the status of the door,” International Journal of Refrigeration, vol. 104, pp. 1-8, May 2019. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2019.04.025
  • [38] S. Kasera, R. Nayak, and S. C. Bhaduri, “Energy efficiency analysis of variable speed DC compressor using R290,” in 5th IEEE International Conference on Recent Advances and Innovations in Engineering (ICRAIE), 1-3 December 2020, Jaipur, India, [Online]. Available: IEEE Xplore, http://www.ieee.org [Accessed: 13 Oct. 2023].
  • [39] F. W. Yu, and K. T. Chan, “Optimizing condenser fan control for air-cooled centrifugal chillers,” International Journal of Thermal Sciences, vol. 47, pp. 942-953, July 2008. doi: 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2007.07.018 [40] J. K. Jensen, M. R. Kærn, P. H. Pedersen, and W. B. Markussen, “Comparison of compressor control strategies for energy efficient refrigerated counters,” International Journal of Refrigeration, vol. 126, pp. 1-11, February 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2021.02.008
  • [41] A. Bahman, L. Rosario, and M. M. Rahman, “Analysis of energy savings in a supermarket refrigeration/HVAC system,” Applied Energy, vol. 98, pp. 11-21, October 2012. doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.02.043
  • [42] M. Koşan, Y. Dilber, S. Erten, E. M. Bahar, F. N. Erdoğmuş, M. Aktaş, and M. Öder, “Investigation of the effects of fan control technique on energy consumption in industrial refrigerated display cabinet: An experimental study,” Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering, November 2022. doi: 10.1177/09544089221141360
  • [43] J. Cirera, J. A. Carino, D. Zurita, J. A. Ortega, “Improving the energy efficiency of industrial refrigeration systems by means of data-driven load management,” Processes, vol. 8, no. 9, pp. 1106, September 2020. doi: 10.3390/pr8091106
  • [44] R. Ben-Abdallah, D. Leducq, A. Delahaye, L. Fournaison, O. Pateau, B. Ballot-Miguet, H. M. Hoang, “Analysis of phase change material integration in retail display cabinets for energy management,” Applied Thermal Engineering, vol. 187, pp. 116459, December 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2020.116459
  • [45] S. M. Zubair, “Improvement of refrigeration/air-conditioning performance with mechanical sub-cooling,” Energy, vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 427-433, May 1990. doi: 10.1016/0360-5442(90)90039-5
  • [46] D. Sánchez, R. Cabello, R. Llopis, J. Catalán-Gil, and L. Nebot-Andrés, “Energy assessment of an R134a refrigeration plant upgraded to an indirect system using R152a and R1234ze(E) as refrigerants,” Applied Thermal Engineering, vol. 139, pp. 121-134, July 2018. doi: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.04.114
  • [47] R. Llopis, L. Nebot-Andrés, R. Cabello, D. Sánchez, and J. Catalán-Gil, “Experimental evaluation of a CO2 transcritical refrigeration plant with dedicated mechanical subcooling,” International Journal of Refrigeration, vol. 69, pp. 361-368, June 2016. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2016.06.009
  • [48] R. Roy, and B. K. Mandal, “Thermodynamic analysis of a vapour compression refrigeration system integrated with a subcooler cycle,” International Journal of Renewable Energy Technology, vol. 8, no. 3-4, pp. 334-345, January 2017. doi: 10.1504/IJRET.2017.088982
  • [49] K. Yu, G. Ding, and T. Chen, “Experimental investigation on a vertical display cabinet with central air supply,” Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 50, no. 9, pp. 2257-2265, September 2009. doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2009.05.012
  • [50] P. Gullo, “Innovative fully integrated transcritical R744 refrigeration systems for a HFC-free future of supermarkets in warm and hot climates,” International Journal of Refrigeration, vol. 108, pp. 283-310, December 2019. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2019.09.001
  • [51] Z. Sun, and Y. Wang, “Comprehensive performance analysis of cascade refrigeration system with two-stage compression for industrial refrigeration,” Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, vol. 39, pp. 102400, September 2022. doi: 10.1016/j.csite.2022.102400
  • [52] M. Karampour, and S. Sawalha, “Energy efficiency evaluation of integrated CO2 trans-critical system in supermarkets: A field measurements and modelling analysis,” International Journal Of Refrigeration, vol. 82, pp. 470-486, August 2017. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2017.06.002
  • [53] P. Yuan, Q. H. Zeng, Y. X. Wu, Y. L. Lu, C. L. Hu, H. C. Sun, and W. Q. Tao, “Experimental study of using aerofoils in a refrigerated display cabinet,” International Journal of Thermofluids, vol. 14, pp. 100140, May 2022. doi: 10.1016/j.ijft.2022.100140
  • [54] C. H. Lin, P. S. Cheng, C. H. Hsieh, Y. M. Li, and P. Y. Yu, “Investigations on predictions of cooling capacity for open refrigerated display cabinet using CFD approach with different positions of perforated back panels,” Thermal Science and Engineering Progress, vol. 43, pp. 102018, August 2023. doi: 10.1016/j.tsep.2023.102018
  • [55] K. M. Tsamos, H. Mroue, J. Sun, S. A Tassou, N. Nicholls, and G. Smith, “Energy Savings Potential in Using Cold-shelves Innovation for Multi-deck Open Front Refrigerated Cabinets,” Energy Procedia, vol. 161, pp. 292-299, March 2019. doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.094
  • [56] X. Li, Z. Zhang, H. Liu, X. Hu, S. Liu, Z. Xu, and Q. Wang, “Performance of an open refrigerated display cabinet with two air curtains,” Applied Thermal Engineering, vol. 212, pp. 118549, July 2022. doi: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2022.118549
  • [57] X. Wu, Z. Chang, P. Yuan, Y. Lu, Q. Ma, and X. Yin, “The optimization and effect of back panel structure on the performance of refrigerated display cabinet,” Food Control, vol. 40, pp. 278-285, June 2014. doi: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.12.009
  • [58] M. N. Nikitin, “Numerical analysis of refrigerated display designs in terms of cooling efficiency,” International Journal of Thermal Sciences, vol. 148, pp. 106157, February 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2019.106157
  • [59] E. Hammond, C. Marques, and L. P. Ketteringham, “Application of short air curtains in retail display refrigerators,” in 4th IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain, 7-9 April 2016, Aukland, New Zealand, [Online]. Available: IIR/IIF, https://www.iifiir.org. [Accessed: 13 Oct. 2023].
  • [60] W. XueHong, L. WeiPing, W. Yanling, C. ZhiJuan, W. ChunXu, and D. Chang, “Experimental investigation of the performance of cool storage shelf for vertical open refrigerated display cabinet,” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 110, pp. 789-795, July 2017. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2017.03.071
  • [61] H. Jouhara, T. Nannou, H. Ghazal, R. Kayyali, S. A Tassou, and S. Lester, “Temperature and energy performance of open refrigerated display cabinets using heat pipe shelves,” Energy Procedia, vol. 123, pp. 273-280, September 2017. doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2017.07.240
  • [62] N. Chaomuang, D. Flick, A. Denis, and O. Laguerre, “Experimental analysis of heat transfer and airflow in a closed refrigerated display cabinet,” Journal of Food Engineering, vol. 244, pp. 101-114, March 2019. doi: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2018.09.009
  • [63] J. Sun, K. M. Tsamos, and S. A Tassou, “CFD comparisons of open-type refrigerated display cabinets with/without air guiding strips,” Energy Procedia, vol. 123, pp. 54-61, September 2017. doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2017.07.284
  • [64] Y. Wang, S. Qian, J. Xu, L. Li, X. Dou, X. Li, G. Yan, and J. Yu, “Numerical study on the air curtain characteristics of a dual-temperature open display cabinet,” International Journal of Refrigeration, vol. 126, pp. 23-34, June 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2021.02.007
  • [65] C. Melo, and L. W. Silva, “A perspective on energy savings in household refrigerators,” in Sustainable Refrigeration and Heat Pump Technology Conference, Stockholm, Sweden, 13-16 June 2010.
Toplam 63 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Makine Mühendisliği (Diğer)
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Buğra Şensoy 0000-0002-7350-9540

Mustafa Aktaş 0000-0003-1187-5120

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 29 Mart 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi
Gönderilme Tarihi 13 Ekim 2023
Kabul Tarihi 9 Şubat 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024

Kaynak Göster

IEEE B. Şensoy ve M. Aktaş, “Endüstriyel Soğutucularda Enerji Verimliliğini Arttırmaya Yönelik Çeşitli Yöntemler”, GMBD, ss. 1–22, Mart 2024.

Gazi Journal of Engineering Sciences (GJES) publishes open access articles under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY) 1366_2000-copia-2.jpg