Peer Bullying and Motivational Interviewing In Adolescents

Abstract

Peer bullying is an increasingly important public health problem all over the world. Bullying behaviours are exhibited mostly during adolescence and continue to increase throughout this period. Bullying can cause problems such as physical and emotional wear, decrease in social relations, tendency to depression, suicide attempt, decrease in self-esteem, weakening in peer relations and increase in depression level. Adolescents, who are the future of the community, should be protected from negative behaviours such as peer bullying in order to be healthy. New interventions/strategies would be beneficial to prevent peer bullying in adolescents, and to ensure the healthy development of adolescents. Motivational interviewing is generally an appropriate approach to use for individuals who are reluctant to change or have conflicting feelings. Motivational interviewing is seen as a new, practical and effective method in providing behavioural change in adolescents and preventing peer bullying.

Keywords

• Adolescent
• Motivational interviewing
• Peer bullying

References

1. Ayaz-Alkaya, S. & Avsar, F. (2017). An investigation of peer bullying and assertiveness levels among school-aged children and related factors. Journal of Education and Research in Nursing, 14(3), 185-192. doi: 10.1177/08862605209762
2. Avşar, F. & Ayaz-Alkaya, S. (2017). The effectiveness of assertiveness training for school-aged children on bullying and assertiveness level. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 36, 186-190. doi:10.1016/j.pedn.2017.06.020
3. Avşar, F., & Ayaz-Alkaya, S. (2018). Akran zorbalığının önlenmesinde okul sağlığı hemşiresinin rolü. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi, 5(1), 78-84. doi:10.1007/s10560-020-00670-8
4. Binning, J., Woodburn, J., Bus, S. A. & Barn, R. (2019). Motivational interviewing to improve adherence behaviours for the prevention of diabetic foot ulceration. Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews, 35(2), e3105. doi:10.1002/dmrr.3105.
5. Buils, R.F., Miedes, A.C. & Oliver, M.R. (2020). Effect of a cyberbullying prevention program integrated in the primary education curriculum. Revista de Psicodidáctica, 25(1), 23-29. doi:10.1016/j.psicoe.2019.08.004
6. Caccavale, L.J., Corona, R., LaRose, J. G., Mazzeo, S. E., Sova, A. R., & Bean, M. K. (2019). Exploring the role of motivational interviewing in adolescent patient‐provider communication about type 1 diabetes. Pediatric diabetes, 20(2), 217-225. doi:10.1111/pedi.12810
7. Callaghan, M., Kelly, C. & Molcho, M. (2019). Bullying and bystander behaviour and health outcomes among adolescents in Ireland. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 73(5), 416-421. doi:10.1136/jech-2018-211350
8. Ceylan, Ç. & Kılıçarslan Törüner, E. (2020). Adölesanlarda sağlık davranışı değişikliğinde motivasyonel görüşmenin kullanılması: sistematik derleme. Halk Sağlığı Hemşireliği Dergisi, 2(1), 39-51.

9. Chen, Q.Q., Chen, M.T., Zhu, Y.H., Chan, K.L. & Ip, P. (2018). Health correlates, addictive behaviors, and peer victimization among adolescents in China. World Journal of Pediatrics, 14, 454-460. doi:10.1007/s12519-018-0158-2
10. Cross, D.S., Runions, K.C., Resnicow, K.A., Britt, E.F., & Gray, C. (2018). Motivational interviewing as a positive response to high‐school bullying. Psychology in the Schools, 55(5), 464-475. doi:10.1002/pits.22120
11. Çelik Örücü, M. (2020). Değişime hız kazandıracak bir yöntem: motivasyonel görüşme. Dicle Üniversitesi Ziya Gökalp Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 1(37), 20-34.
12. Dikbıyık, C. & Yılmaz, E. (2016). Tekirdağ ölçeğinde akran zorbalığı araştırması ve bulguların değerlendirilmesi. Humanitas, 4(7), 127-139.
13. Eyuboglu, M., Eyuboglu, D., Pala, S. C., Oktar, D., Demirtas, Z., Arslantas, D., and Unsal, A. (2021). Traditional school bullying and cyberbullying: Prevalence, the effect on mental health problems and self-harm behavior. Psychiatry Research, 297, 113730.doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021
14. Garmy, P., Hansson, E., Vilhjálmsson, R., & Kristjánsdóttir, G. (2019). Bullying, pain and analgesic use in school-age children. Acta Paediatrica, 108(10), 1896–1900. doi:10.1111/apa.14799
15. Goldbach, J.T., Sterzing, P.R. & Stuart, M.J. (2018). Challenging conventions of bullying thresholds: exploring differences between low and high levels of bully-only, victim-only, and bully-victim roles. Journal of Youth And Adolescence, 47(3), 586- 600. doi: 10.1007/s10964-017-0775-4
16. Hamada, S., Kaneko, H., Ogura, M., Yamawaki, A., Mazezono, J., Sillanmaki, L., Sourander, A., & Honko, S. (2018). Association between bullying behavior, perceived school safety, and self‐cutting: a Japanese population‐based school survey. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 23(3), 141-147. doi:10.1111/camh.12200
17. Haşimoğlu, A. & Aslandoğan, A. (2018). Lise öğrencilerinin ergenlik dönemi sorunları ve duygu düzenleme stratejileri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Academic Review of Humanities and Social Sciences, 1(2), 71-83. Retrieved from: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/arhuss/issue/40217/478924
18. Hicks, J., Jennings, L., Jennings, S., Berry, S. & Green, D.A. (2018). Middle school bullying: student reported perceptions and prevalence. Journal of Child and Adolescent Counseling, 4(3), 195-208. doi:10.1080/23727810.2017.1422645
19. Holt, M. K., Green, J.G., Tsay-Vogel, M., Davidson, J., & Brown, C. (2017). Multidisciplinary approaches to research on bullying in adolescence. Adolescent Research Review, 2(1), 1-10. doi:10.1007/s40894-016-0041-0
20. Idalski Carcone, A., Barton, E., Eggly, S., Brogan Hartlieb, K. E., Thominet, L., & Naar, S. (2016). Exploring ambivalence in motivational interviewing with obese African American adolescents and their caregivers: A mixed methods analysis. Patient Education and Counseling, 99(7), 1162-1169. doi:10.1016/j.pec.2016.02.008.
21. Kennedy, R.S. (2021). Bullying Trends in the United States: A Meta-Regression. Trauma, violence & abuse, 22(4), 914–927. doi:10.1177/1524838019888555
22. Magill, M. & Hallgren, K.A. (2019). Mechanisms of behavior change in motivational interviewing: do we understand how MI works?. Current Opinion İn Psychology, 30, 1–5. doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2018.12.010
23. Maïano, C., Aime, A., Salvas, M.C., Morin, A.J.S., & Normand, C.L. (2016). Prevalence and correlates of bullying perpetration and victimization among school aged youth with intellectual disabilities: a systematic review. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 49-50, 181-195. doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2015.11.015
24. Mark, L., Värnik, A., & Sisask, M. (2019). Who suffers most from being ınvolved in bullying-bully, victim, or bully-victim?. The Journal of School Health, 89(2), 136–144. doi:10.1111/josh.12720
25. Miller, W.R. & Rollnick, S. (2009). Motivasyonel Görüşme Tekniği, insanları değişime hazırlar. Ankara: HYB Basım Yayın.
26. Miller, W.R. & Rollnick, S. (2012). Meeting in the middle: motivational interviewing and self-determination theory. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, (IJBNPA), 9(1), 25-26.
27. Olweus, D. (2012). Cyberbullying: an overrated phenomenon? European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 9(5), 520-538. doi:10.1080/17405629.2012.682358
28. Özcan, K. & Çelik, S.B. (2021). Motivasyonel görüşme tekniğine dayalı psiko-eğitim programının lise öğrencilerinin çevrimiçi oyun bağımlılığı düzeylerine etkisi. Ondokuz Mayis University Journal of Education Faculty, 40(1), 257-274. doi:10.7822/omuefd.759822
29. Przybylski, A. K., & Bowes, L. (2017). Cyberbullying and adolescent well-being in England: a population-based cross-sectional study. The Lancet. Child & Adolescent Health, 1(1), 19–26. doi:10.1016/S2352-4642(17)30011-1
30. Qian, Y., Yang, Y., Lin, P., Xiao, Y., Sun, Y., Sun, Q., ... & Zhang, X. (2022). Risk factors associated with school bullying behaviors: A Chinese adolescents case-control study, 2019. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 37(11-12), NP9903-NP9925.
31. Sezen, M. F., & Murat, M. (2018). Ergenlerde akran zorbalığı, internet bağımlılığı ve duygusal zekâ düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. OPUS International Journal of Society Researches, 9(16), 160-182. doi:10.26466/opus.476629
32. Smith, P.K. (2016). Bullying: definition, types, causes, consequences and intervention. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 10(9), 519-532. doi:10.1111/spc3.12266
33. Talu, E. (2020). Ergenlerde beden imajı algısının kimlik gelişimi sürecine etkisi. İnönü Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 21(2), 1116-1135. doi:10.17679/inuefd.766776
34. Waseem, M. & Nickerson, A.B. (2019) Bullying. Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441930/ (accessed 09.01.2023).
35. World Health Organization. (2022). Adolescent health. Retrieved from: https://www.who.int/health-topics/adolescent-health (accessed 09.01.2023).
36. Wu, L., Gao, X., Lo, E.C.M., Ho, S.M.Y., McGrath, C., & Wong, M.C.M. (2017). Motivational interviewing to promote oral health in adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 61(3), 378-384. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.03.010
37. Yıldız, İ. & Bayat, M. (2018). Motivasyonel görüşmenin çocuk ve adölesanlarda kullanımı. Online Türk Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(4), 249-257. doi:10.26453/otjhs.351343
38. Zhang, H., Zhou, H. & Tao, T. (2019). Bullying behaviors and psychosocial adjustment among school-aged children in China. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 34(11), 2363-2375. doi:10.1177/0886260518780777