Research Article
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Year 2023, , 1339 - 1349, 01.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.1010216

Abstract

Supporting Institution

TÜBİTAK

Project Number

119M112

Thanks

Bu çalışmanın yapılabilmesi için, "Karayolu Taşıtlarından Kaynaklanan Egzoz Gazı Emisyonlarının Gerçek Hayat Seyir Koşullarına Göre Modellenmesi" isimli doktora tezine 1002 hızlı destek programı kapsamında destek veren TÜBİTAK'a teşekkürü borç biliriz.

References

  • [1] ClientEarth, “Fossil fuels and climate change: the facts”, https://www.clientearth.org/latest/latest-updates/stories/fossil-fuels-and-climate-change-the-facts/#:~:text=What%20is%20the%20link%20between,temperature%20has%20increased%20by%201C. Access date: 25.04.2022
  • [2] NASA Global Climate Change, “The causes of climate change”, https://climate.nasa.gov/causes/. Access date: 25.04.2022
  • [3] Center for Biological Diversity, “Energy and Global Warming”, https://www.biologicaldiversity.org/programs/climate_law_institute/energy_and_global_warming/index.html. Access date: 13.12.2021
  • [4] Moussa, R. R., "Reducing carbon emissions in Egyptian roads through improving the streets quality", Environment, Development and Sustainability, 1-22, (2022).
  • [5] IEA, “World Energy Balances: Overview”, https://www.iea.org/reports/world-energy-balances-overview. Access date: 13.12.2021
  • [6] EEA, “Final energy consumption in Europe by mode of transport”, https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/transport-final-energy-consumption-by-mode/assessment-10. Access date: 25.04.2022
  • [7] Walker, “Gas diagnostic chart”, https://www.walkerexhaust.com/support/tech-tips/five-gas-diagnosticchart.html#:~:text=One%20of%20the%20most%20effective,partially%20burnt%20fuel%20or%20oil. Access date: 25.04.2022
  • [8] Dey, S., and Metha N. S., "Automobile pollution control using catalysis", Resources, Environment and Sustainability, 2: 100006, (2020).
  • [9] EEA, “Explaining road transport emissions – A non-technical guide” https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/explaining-road-transport-emissions. Access date: 27.04.2022
  • [10] EEA, “Transport emissions of air pollutants” https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/transport-emissions-of-air-pollutants-8/transport-emissions-of-air-pollutants-8. Access date: 27.04.2022
  • [11] New York State Department of Health, “Fine particles (PM 2.5) Questions and answers” https://www.health.ny.gov/environmental/indoors/air/pmq_a.htm. Access date: 27.04.2022
  • [12] Kruse, R.E., and Huh, T.A., “Development for the federal urban driving cycle. US Environmental Protection Agency”, SAE Paper 730553, Washington, DC., (1973).
  • [13] Dieselnet, “Emission Test Cycles: Japanese 10-15 Mode” https://www.dieselnet.com/standards/cycles/jp_10-15mode.php. Access date: 09.04.2021
  • [14] Hasanbeigi, A., Price, L., and Lin, E., “Emerging energy-efficiency and CO 2 emission-reduction technologies for cement and concrete production: A technical review”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16(8): 6220–6238, (2012).
  • [15] Wang, Q., Huo, H., He, K., Yao, Z., and Zhang, Q., “Characterization of vehicle driving patterns and development of driving cycles in Chinese cities”, Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 13: 289–297, (2008).
  • [16] Kamble, S. H., Mathew, T. V., and Sharma, G.K., “Development of real-world driving cycle: Case study of Pune, India”, Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 14: 132–140, (2009).
  • [17] Schifter, I., Díaz, L., Rodríguez, R., and López-Salinas, E., “A Driving Cycle for Vehicle Emissions Estimation in the Metropolitan Area of Mexico City”, Environmental Technology, 26(2): 145-154, (2005).
  • [18] Ergeneman, M. A., Sorusbay, C., and Goktan, A. G., “Exhaust Emission and Fuel Consumption of CNG Diesel Fuelled City Buses Calculated Using a Sample Driving Cycle”, Energy Sources, 21(3): 257-268, (1999).
  • [19] WLTP Facts EU, “Test Cycle” http://wltpfacts.eu/from-nedc-to-wltp-change/. Access date: 09.04.2021
  • [20] Donateo, T., and Giovinazzi, M., “Building a cycle for Real Driving Emissions”, Energy Procedia, 891-898, (2017).
  • [21] Emekli, M. E., Coskun, M., Ergeneman, M., Yılmaz, A., Tavukçu, C. E., and Yamaç, T., “Real Driving Emissions- Gerçek Sürüş Koşullarında Taşıt emisyonları”, MARTEK Energy Emission Subcommittee (Unpublished report), (2015).
  • [22] Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/1151, http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/7d1c640d-62d8-11e7-b2f2 01aa75ed71a1.0006.02/DOC_1. Access date: 05.12.2021
  • [23] Fontaras, G, Nikiforos G. Z., and Biagio C., "Fuel consumption and CO2 emissions from passenger cars in Europe–Laboratory versus real-world emissions", Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 60: 97-131, (2017).
  • [24] Duarte, G. O., Gonçalves G. A., and Farias T. L., "Analysis of fuel consumption and pollutant emissions of regulated and alternative driving cycles based on real-world measurements", Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 44: 43-54, (2016).
  • [25] Pelkmans, L., and Patrick D., "Comparison of on-road emissions with emissions measured on chassis dynamometer test cycles", Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 11(4): 233-241, (2006).
  • [26] Borucka, A., Wiśniowski, P., Mazurkiewicz, D., and Świderski, A., "Laboratory measurements of vehicle exhaust emissions in conditions reproducing real traffic", Measurement, 174: 108998, (2021).
  • [27] André, M., "The ARTEMIS European driving cycles for measuring car pollutant emissions", Science of the Total Environment, 334: 73-84, (2004).
  • [28] Hung, W. T., Tong, H. Y., Lee, C. P., Ha, K., and Pao, L. Y., "Development of a practical driving cycle construction methodology: A case study in Hong Kong", Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 12(2): 115-128, (2007).
  • [29] Jing, Z., Wang, G., Zhang, S., and Qiu, C., "Building Tianjin driving cycle based on linear discriminant analysis", Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 53: 78-87, (2017).
  • [30] Fotouhi, A., and Montazeri-Gh, M. J. S. I.,"Tehran driving cycle development using the k-means clustering method", Scientia Iranica, 20(2): 286-293, (2013).
  • [31] Amirjamshidi, G., and Roorda, M. J. "Development of simulated driving cycles for light, medium, and heavy duty trucks: Case of the Toronto Waterfront Area.", Transportation research part D: Transport and Environment, 34: 255-266, (2015).
  • [32] Tong, H. Y., and Ng, K., “Development of bus driving cycles using a cost effective data collection approach", Sustainable Cities and Society, 69: 102854, (2021).
  • [33] Han, D. S., Choi, N. W., Cho, S. L., Yang, J. S., Kim, K. S., Yoo, W. S., and Jeon, C. H., "Characterization of driving patterns and development of a driving cycle in a military area", Transportation research part D: Transport and Environment, 17(7): 519-524, (2012).
  • [34] Ercan, T., Zhao, Y., Tatari, O., and Pazour, J. A., "Optimization of transit bus fleet's life cycle assessment impacts with alternative fuel options", Energy, 93: 323-334, (2015).
  • [35] Özener, O., and Özkan, M., "Fuel consumption and emission evaluation of a rapid bus transport system at different operating conditions", Fuel, 265: 117016, (2020).
  • [36] Wang, Y., Li, K., Zeng, X., Gao, B., and Hong, J., "Energy consumption characteristics based driving conditions construction and prediction for hybrid electric buses energy management", Energy, 245: 123189, (2022).
  • [37] Guo, H., Hou, D., Du, S., Zhao, L., Wu, J., and Yan, N., "A driving pattern recognition-based energy management for plug-in hybrid electric bus to counter the noise of stochastic vehicle mass", Energy, 198: 117289, (2020).
  • [38] Gong, H., Zou, Y., Yang, Q., Fan, J., Sun, F., and Goehlich, D., "Generation of a driving cycle for battery electric vehicles: A case study of Beijing", Energy, 150: 901-912, (2018).
  • [39] Peng, J., Jiang, J., Ding, F., and Tan, H., "Development of Driving Cycle Construction for Hybrid Electric Bus: A Case Study in Zhengzhou, China", Sustainability, 12(17): 7188, (2020).
  • [40] Liaw, B.Y., and Matthieu D., "From driving cycle analysis to understanding battery performance in real-life electric hybrid vehicle operation", Journal of Power Sources, 174(1): 76-88, (2007).
  • [41] Brady, J., and O’Mahony, M., "Development of a driving cycle to evaluate the energy economy of electric vehicles in urban areas", Applied Energy, 177: 165-178, (2016).
  • [42] Noto, M., and Sato, H., "A method for the shortest path search by extended Dijkstra algorithm", Smc 2000 conference proceedings. 2000 ieee international conference on systems, man and cybernetics.'cybernetics evolving to systems, humans, organizations, and their complex interactions', IEEE, 3: (2000).

Traffic Flow Pattern Based Approach to Predict Real Driving Emission Test Routes

Year 2023, , 1339 - 1349, 01.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.1010216

Abstract

Due to the poor representation of NEDC emission test, the European Commission put into the force a new procedure, which contains both a laboratory test and a real word driving test. In this new test procedure, even though WLTC replaces NEDC, it is required to test the vehicle under real traffic conditions, which contains urban, rural and highway segments. Due to the new emission regulation, considerable number of academic work focus on the creation of RDE (Real Driving Emission) routes and RDE tests. In this study, it is introduced a new methodology for creating potential RDE routes. The routes, created in MATLAB code by using Istanbul road data containing a half an hour average trip records were used to predict a probable RDE test road. This model creates a number of RDE routes starting from defined coordinates and then analyses all alternative routes with respect to traffic flow rate and RDE boundary conditions identified by the European Commission. The routes obtained using the methodology developed are tested in real life conditions and evaluated according to actual existing traffic conditions. The agreement between the results of the method and the results of the actual driving test is limited in urban road section. However, for rural and highway road sections, there is a significant agreement between the predictions and actual test results.

Project Number

119M112

References

  • [1] ClientEarth, “Fossil fuels and climate change: the facts”, https://www.clientearth.org/latest/latest-updates/stories/fossil-fuels-and-climate-change-the-facts/#:~:text=What%20is%20the%20link%20between,temperature%20has%20increased%20by%201C. Access date: 25.04.2022
  • [2] NASA Global Climate Change, “The causes of climate change”, https://climate.nasa.gov/causes/. Access date: 25.04.2022
  • [3] Center for Biological Diversity, “Energy and Global Warming”, https://www.biologicaldiversity.org/programs/climate_law_institute/energy_and_global_warming/index.html. Access date: 13.12.2021
  • [4] Moussa, R. R., "Reducing carbon emissions in Egyptian roads through improving the streets quality", Environment, Development and Sustainability, 1-22, (2022).
  • [5] IEA, “World Energy Balances: Overview”, https://www.iea.org/reports/world-energy-balances-overview. Access date: 13.12.2021
  • [6] EEA, “Final energy consumption in Europe by mode of transport”, https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/transport-final-energy-consumption-by-mode/assessment-10. Access date: 25.04.2022
  • [7] Walker, “Gas diagnostic chart”, https://www.walkerexhaust.com/support/tech-tips/five-gas-diagnosticchart.html#:~:text=One%20of%20the%20most%20effective,partially%20burnt%20fuel%20or%20oil. Access date: 25.04.2022
  • [8] Dey, S., and Metha N. S., "Automobile pollution control using catalysis", Resources, Environment and Sustainability, 2: 100006, (2020).
  • [9] EEA, “Explaining road transport emissions – A non-technical guide” https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/explaining-road-transport-emissions. Access date: 27.04.2022
  • [10] EEA, “Transport emissions of air pollutants” https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/transport-emissions-of-air-pollutants-8/transport-emissions-of-air-pollutants-8. Access date: 27.04.2022
  • [11] New York State Department of Health, “Fine particles (PM 2.5) Questions and answers” https://www.health.ny.gov/environmental/indoors/air/pmq_a.htm. Access date: 27.04.2022
  • [12] Kruse, R.E., and Huh, T.A., “Development for the federal urban driving cycle. US Environmental Protection Agency”, SAE Paper 730553, Washington, DC., (1973).
  • [13] Dieselnet, “Emission Test Cycles: Japanese 10-15 Mode” https://www.dieselnet.com/standards/cycles/jp_10-15mode.php. Access date: 09.04.2021
  • [14] Hasanbeigi, A., Price, L., and Lin, E., “Emerging energy-efficiency and CO 2 emission-reduction technologies for cement and concrete production: A technical review”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16(8): 6220–6238, (2012).
  • [15] Wang, Q., Huo, H., He, K., Yao, Z., and Zhang, Q., “Characterization of vehicle driving patterns and development of driving cycles in Chinese cities”, Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 13: 289–297, (2008).
  • [16] Kamble, S. H., Mathew, T. V., and Sharma, G.K., “Development of real-world driving cycle: Case study of Pune, India”, Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 14: 132–140, (2009).
  • [17] Schifter, I., Díaz, L., Rodríguez, R., and López-Salinas, E., “A Driving Cycle for Vehicle Emissions Estimation in the Metropolitan Area of Mexico City”, Environmental Technology, 26(2): 145-154, (2005).
  • [18] Ergeneman, M. A., Sorusbay, C., and Goktan, A. G., “Exhaust Emission and Fuel Consumption of CNG Diesel Fuelled City Buses Calculated Using a Sample Driving Cycle”, Energy Sources, 21(3): 257-268, (1999).
  • [19] WLTP Facts EU, “Test Cycle” http://wltpfacts.eu/from-nedc-to-wltp-change/. Access date: 09.04.2021
  • [20] Donateo, T., and Giovinazzi, M., “Building a cycle for Real Driving Emissions”, Energy Procedia, 891-898, (2017).
  • [21] Emekli, M. E., Coskun, M., Ergeneman, M., Yılmaz, A., Tavukçu, C. E., and Yamaç, T., “Real Driving Emissions- Gerçek Sürüş Koşullarında Taşıt emisyonları”, MARTEK Energy Emission Subcommittee (Unpublished report), (2015).
  • [22] Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/1151, http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/7d1c640d-62d8-11e7-b2f2 01aa75ed71a1.0006.02/DOC_1. Access date: 05.12.2021
  • [23] Fontaras, G, Nikiforos G. Z., and Biagio C., "Fuel consumption and CO2 emissions from passenger cars in Europe–Laboratory versus real-world emissions", Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 60: 97-131, (2017).
  • [24] Duarte, G. O., Gonçalves G. A., and Farias T. L., "Analysis of fuel consumption and pollutant emissions of regulated and alternative driving cycles based on real-world measurements", Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 44: 43-54, (2016).
  • [25] Pelkmans, L., and Patrick D., "Comparison of on-road emissions with emissions measured on chassis dynamometer test cycles", Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 11(4): 233-241, (2006).
  • [26] Borucka, A., Wiśniowski, P., Mazurkiewicz, D., and Świderski, A., "Laboratory measurements of vehicle exhaust emissions in conditions reproducing real traffic", Measurement, 174: 108998, (2021).
  • [27] André, M., "The ARTEMIS European driving cycles for measuring car pollutant emissions", Science of the Total Environment, 334: 73-84, (2004).
  • [28] Hung, W. T., Tong, H. Y., Lee, C. P., Ha, K., and Pao, L. Y., "Development of a practical driving cycle construction methodology: A case study in Hong Kong", Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 12(2): 115-128, (2007).
  • [29] Jing, Z., Wang, G., Zhang, S., and Qiu, C., "Building Tianjin driving cycle based on linear discriminant analysis", Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 53: 78-87, (2017).
  • [30] Fotouhi, A., and Montazeri-Gh, M. J. S. I.,"Tehran driving cycle development using the k-means clustering method", Scientia Iranica, 20(2): 286-293, (2013).
  • [31] Amirjamshidi, G., and Roorda, M. J. "Development of simulated driving cycles for light, medium, and heavy duty trucks: Case of the Toronto Waterfront Area.", Transportation research part D: Transport and Environment, 34: 255-266, (2015).
  • [32] Tong, H. Y., and Ng, K., “Development of bus driving cycles using a cost effective data collection approach", Sustainable Cities and Society, 69: 102854, (2021).
  • [33] Han, D. S., Choi, N. W., Cho, S. L., Yang, J. S., Kim, K. S., Yoo, W. S., and Jeon, C. H., "Characterization of driving patterns and development of a driving cycle in a military area", Transportation research part D: Transport and Environment, 17(7): 519-524, (2012).
  • [34] Ercan, T., Zhao, Y., Tatari, O., and Pazour, J. A., "Optimization of transit bus fleet's life cycle assessment impacts with alternative fuel options", Energy, 93: 323-334, (2015).
  • [35] Özener, O., and Özkan, M., "Fuel consumption and emission evaluation of a rapid bus transport system at different operating conditions", Fuel, 265: 117016, (2020).
  • [36] Wang, Y., Li, K., Zeng, X., Gao, B., and Hong, J., "Energy consumption characteristics based driving conditions construction and prediction for hybrid electric buses energy management", Energy, 245: 123189, (2022).
  • [37] Guo, H., Hou, D., Du, S., Zhao, L., Wu, J., and Yan, N., "A driving pattern recognition-based energy management for plug-in hybrid electric bus to counter the noise of stochastic vehicle mass", Energy, 198: 117289, (2020).
  • [38] Gong, H., Zou, Y., Yang, Q., Fan, J., Sun, F., and Goehlich, D., "Generation of a driving cycle for battery electric vehicles: A case study of Beijing", Energy, 150: 901-912, (2018).
  • [39] Peng, J., Jiang, J., Ding, F., and Tan, H., "Development of Driving Cycle Construction for Hybrid Electric Bus: A Case Study in Zhengzhou, China", Sustainability, 12(17): 7188, (2020).
  • [40] Liaw, B.Y., and Matthieu D., "From driving cycle analysis to understanding battery performance in real-life electric hybrid vehicle operation", Journal of Power Sources, 174(1): 76-88, (2007).
  • [41] Brady, J., and O’Mahony, M., "Development of a driving cycle to evaluate the energy economy of electric vehicles in urban areas", Applied Energy, 177: 165-178, (2016).
  • [42] Noto, M., and Sato, H., "A method for the shortest path search by extended Dijkstra algorithm", Smc 2000 conference proceedings. 2000 ieee international conference on systems, man and cybernetics.'cybernetics evolving to systems, humans, organizations, and their complex interactions', IEEE, 3: (2000).
There are 42 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Mechanical Engineering
Authors

Muhammet Aydın 0000-0001-7202-2901

Cem Soruşbay 0000-0002-9986-6984

Hikmet Arslan 0000-0002-4132-8235

Project Number 119M112
Publication Date September 1, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023

Cite

APA Aydın, M., Soruşbay, C., & Arslan, H. (2023). Traffic Flow Pattern Based Approach to Predict Real Driving Emission Test Routes. Gazi University Journal of Science, 36(3), 1339-1349. https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.1010216
AMA Aydın M, Soruşbay C, Arslan H. Traffic Flow Pattern Based Approach to Predict Real Driving Emission Test Routes. Gazi University Journal of Science. September 2023;36(3):1339-1349. doi:10.35378/gujs.1010216
Chicago Aydın, Muhammet, Cem Soruşbay, and Hikmet Arslan. “Traffic Flow Pattern Based Approach to Predict Real Driving Emission Test Routes”. Gazi University Journal of Science 36, no. 3 (September 2023): 1339-49. https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.1010216.
EndNote Aydın M, Soruşbay C, Arslan H (September 1, 2023) Traffic Flow Pattern Based Approach to Predict Real Driving Emission Test Routes. Gazi University Journal of Science 36 3 1339–1349.
IEEE M. Aydın, C. Soruşbay, and H. Arslan, “Traffic Flow Pattern Based Approach to Predict Real Driving Emission Test Routes”, Gazi University Journal of Science, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 1339–1349, 2023, doi: 10.35378/gujs.1010216.
ISNAD Aydın, Muhammet et al. “Traffic Flow Pattern Based Approach to Predict Real Driving Emission Test Routes”. Gazi University Journal of Science 36/3 (September 2023), 1339-1349. https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.1010216.
JAMA Aydın M, Soruşbay C, Arslan H. Traffic Flow Pattern Based Approach to Predict Real Driving Emission Test Routes. Gazi University Journal of Science. 2023;36:1339–1349.
MLA Aydın, Muhammet et al. “Traffic Flow Pattern Based Approach to Predict Real Driving Emission Test Routes”. Gazi University Journal of Science, vol. 36, no. 3, 2023, pp. 1339-4, doi:10.35378/gujs.1010216.
Vancouver Aydın M, Soruşbay C, Arslan H. Traffic Flow Pattern Based Approach to Predict Real Driving Emission Test Routes. Gazi University Journal of Science. 2023;36(3):1339-4.