Radioactivation Measurement of a Protective Collimator and Comparisons with Simulation After METU-Defocusing Beamline Pretest Irradiation

Year 2023, , 1786 - 1793, 01.12.2023

Melahat Bilge Demirköz , Pelin Uslu Kiçeci Selcen Uzun Duran

https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.1018518

Abstract

Electronic components must be tested to allow for safe and reliable missions in radiation environments. The METU Defocusing Beamline (METU-DBL) was installed in the R&D room at the Particle Accelerator Facility (PAF) of Turkish Energy, Nuclear and Mineral Research Agency (TENMAK). This facility was established in accordance with the European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Components Coordination (ESCC), No: 25100 standard to conduct proton irradiation tests for electronic components and various materials to be used in the space environment. METU-DBL uses beam elements such as quadrupole magnets to amplify the beam and collimators to reduce the flux, as per the specifications of the standard.

A pretest setup was constructed, and this system was operated for a total of 17 hours for three months before the METU-DBL final design was assembled. The first protective collimator is made of stainless steel 316L and was used during the period of pretests. As a result of these irradiations, the emerged radioisotopes in the collimator were observed and measured in situ with a NaI detector. These measurements were compared with the FLUKA simulations 120 days after the last irradiation. Among fourteen radioisotopes, only six of them with activity above 1.0×101 Bq/cm3 were matched.

Keywords

METU-DBL, FLUKA, Radioactivation

Supporting Institution

Strategy and Budget Presidency

Project Number

2015K121190

Thanks

Physics Department of Karadeniz Technical

References

• [1] TAEA, “Proton Accelerator Facility Booklet”, TAEA SANAEM, (2012).
• [2] ESA, “Single Event Effects Test Method and Guidelines, ESCC Basic Specification No. 25100”, (2014).
• [3] Demirkoz, M.B., Seckin, C., Avaroglu, A., Bulbul, B., Uslu, P., Kılıç, E., Orhan, Y., Akçelik, S., Saral, Ç., Uzun Duran, S., Kılıç,U., Efthymiopoulos, I.,Poyrazoglu, A.B., Albarodi, A., Celik, N., “Metu-Defocusing Beamline: A 15-30 MeV Proton Irradiation Facility and Beam Measurement System”. EPJ Web of Conferences. EDP Sciences, 225: 01008, (2020).
• [4] Demirkoz, M.B., Efthymiopoulos, I., Poyrazoglu, A.B., Seckin, C., Uslu, P., Celik, N., Bulbul, B., Albarodi, A., Akçelik, S., Orhan, Y., Avaroglu, A., Kılıç, E., Saral, Ç., Uzun Duran, S., Yiğitoğlu, M., “Installation of the METU Defocusing Beamline to Perform Space Radiation Tests”. In 2019 9th International Conference on Recent Advances in Space Technologies, 355-361, (2019).
• [5] Grégoire, O., Ladrière, J., “Activation of stainless steel with high energy neutrons.” Journal of Nuclear Materials; 298(3): 309-315, (2001).
• [6] Uzun Duran, S., Uslu Kiçeci, P., “Demirköz, B. Shield Design of the First Protective Collimator in the METU-Defocusing Beamline (DBL) Project.” Nuclear Technology, 208(2): 364-370, (2022).
• [7] Battistoni, G., Boehlen, T., Cerutti, F., Chin, P.W., Esposito, L.S, Fassò, A., FerrariA., Lechner A., Empl A., Mairani A., Mereghetti A., Ortega P.G., Ranft J., Roesler S., Sala P.R., VlachoudisV., Smirnov G., “Overview of the FLUKA code” Annals of Nuclear Energy, 82: 10-18, (2015).
• [8] Ballarini, F., Battistoni, G., Brugger, M., Campanella, M., Carboni, M., Cerutti, F., Empl, A., Fasso, A., Ferrari, A., Gadioli, E., Garzelli, M.V., Lantz, M., Mairani, A., Mostacci, A., Muraro, S., Ottolenghi, A., Patera V., Pelliccioni, M., Pinsky, L.,Ranft, J., Roesler, S., Sala, P.R., Scannicchio, D., Smirnov, G., Sommerer, F., Trovati, S., Villari, R., Vlachoudis, V., Wilson, T., Zapp N., “The physics of the FLUKA code: recent developments”. Advances in Space Research, (2007).
• [9] Böhlen, T.T., Cerutti, F., Chin, M.P.W., Fassò, A., Ferrari, A., Ortega, P.G., Mairani, A., Sala, P.R., Smirnov, G., Vlachoudis, V., “The FLUKA Code: developments and challenges for high energy and medical applications”. Nuclear Data Sheets, (2014).
• [10] Collamati, F., An intraoperative Beta-Probe for Cancer Surgery. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing, (2016).
• [11] Ferrari, A., Sala, P.R., Fasso, A., Ranft, J., FLUKA: A Multi-Particle Transport Code, CERN-2005-010, Geneva, (2011).
• [12] Canberra Industries, Genie-2000 Spectroscopy System-operations manual, Meriden, USA, (1999).
• [13] Dizman, S., “Measurement of natural radioactivity level in Rize-centre and towns of Rize”. PhD, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, TURKEY, (2006).
• [14] https://www.cpp.edu/~pbsiegel/bio431/genergies.html Access date: 1.06.2020.
• [15] http://www.gammaexplorer.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/gammaenergies.pdf Access date: 10.06.2020.
• [16] http://www.nucleide.org/DDEP_WG/Nuclides/Sn-113_tables.pdf Access date: 10.06.2020.
• [17] http://www.nucleide.org/DDEP_WG/DDEPdata.htm Access date: 2.06.2020.
• [18] Sökmen, G., “Cross-Section Measurements of Sc-43 and V-48 Radioisotopes Produced via Bern Medical Cyclotron”. PhD, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, TURKEY, (2017).
• [19] Hichwa, R.D., Kadrmas, D., Watkins, G.L., Wollenwebe, S, Maniam, S., “Vanadium-48: A renewable source for transmission scanning with PET”. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms; 99(1-4): 804-806, (1995).
• [20] http://www.old.slcj.uw.edu.pl/~agniecha/por/InSpector100UserManual.pdf. InSpector™ 1000 Digital Hand-Held MCA, User’s Manual.