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Alternative Support Material to Platinum Catalyst Used for Oxygen Reduction Reaction: Nonporous Carbon

Year 2023, , 1463 - 1478, 01.12.2023

Ayşenur Öztürk , Ayşe Bayrakçeken Yurtcan

https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.1054803

Abstract

In this study, unlike porous carbon as a conventional catalyst support material in fuel cells, nonporous carbon was synthesized in the presence of different HCl concentrations (0.2 M-1 M) and investigated as a support material for platinum (Pt) catalysts in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Since the micropore volume of the synthesized carbons is negligible, the detected surface areas with Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method were between the range of 19-23 m2/g. Among the support materials, the carbon-supported Pt catalyst synthesized in the presence of 1 M HCl was investigated electrochemically in terms of hydrogen oxidation (HOR) and ORR half-cell reactions in the three-electrode system. The Pt catalyst supported with nonporous carbon, synthesized using 1 M HCl, reached the maximum limiting current value of -1.2 mA/cm2 (@1600 rpm, 5 mV/s) at ORR hydrodynamic curves. Low internal and charge transfer resistances of the same catalyst in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis are attributable to its nonporous structure.

Keywords

Nonporous carbon Acid treatment Catalyst support Oxygen reduction reaction

References

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  • [2] Jung, N., Chung, D.Y., Ryu, J., Yoo, S.J., Sung, Y.E., "Pt-based nanoarchitecture and catalyst design for fuel cell applications", Nano Today, 9: 433-456, (2014).
  • [3] Du, L., Shao, Y.Y., Sun, J.M., Yin, G.P., Liu, J., Wang, Y., "Advanced catalyst supports for PEM fuel cell cathodes", Nano Energy, 29: 314-322, (2016).
  • [4] Bayrakceken, A., Smirnova, A., Kitkamthorn, U., Aindow, M., Turker, L., Eroglu, I., Erkey, C., "Vulcan-Supported Pt Electrocatalysts for PEMFCs Prepared using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Deposition", Chemical Engineering Communications, 196: 194-203, (2008).
  • [5] Das, E., Bayrakceken Yurtcan, A., "Effect of carbon ratio in the polypyrrole/carbon composite catalyst support on PEM fuel cell performance", International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 41: 13171-13179, (2016).
  • [6] Bozkurt, G., Memioglu, F., Bayrakceken, A., "Pt nanoparticles over PEDOT/carbon composites prepared by supercritical carbon dioxide deposition", Applied Surface Science, 318: 223-226, (2014).
  • [7] Guvenatam, B., Ficicilar, B., Bayrakceken, A., Eroglu, I., "Hollow core mesoporous shell carbon supported Pt electrocatalysts with high Pt loading for PEMFCs", International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 37: 1865-1874, (2012).
  • [8] Ficicilar, B., Bayrakceken, A., Eroglu, I., "Pt incorporated hollow core mesoporous shell carbon nanocomposite catalyst for proton exchange membrane fuel cells", International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 35: 9924-9933, (2010).
  • [9] Ozturk, A., Bayrakceken Yurtcan, A., "Synthesis of polypyrrole (PPy) based porous N-doped carbon nanotubes (N-CNTs) as catalyst support for PEM fuel cells", International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 43: 18559-18571, (2018).
  • [10] Caglar, A., Cogenli, M.S., Bayrakceken Yurtcan, A., Kivrak, H., "Effective carbon nanotube supported metal (M=Au, Ag, Co, Mn, Ni, V, Zn) core Pd shell bimetallic anode catalysts for formic acid fuel cells", Renewable Energy, 150: 78-90, (2020).
  • [11] Ozturk, A., Bayrakceken Yurtcan, A., "Raw and pyrolyzed (with and without melamine) graphene nanoplatelets with different surface areas as PEM fuel cell catalyst supports", Carbon Letters, 31: 1191-1214, (2021).
  • [12] Das, E., Alkan Gursel, S., Isıkel Sanli, L., Bayrakceken Yurtcan, A., "Thermodynamically controlled Pt deposition over graphene nanoplatelets: Effect of Pt loading on PEM fuel cell performance", International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 42: 19246-19256, (2017).
  • [13] Oner, E., Ozturk, A., Bayrakceken Yurtcan, A., "Utilization of the graphene aerogel as PEM fuel cell catalyst support: Effect of polypyrrole (PPy) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) addition", International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 45: 34818-34836, (2020).
  • [14] Cogenli, M.S., Bayrakceken Yurtcan, A., "Heteroatom doped 3D graphene aerogel supported catalysts for formic acid and methanol oxidation", International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 45: 650-666, (2020).
  • [15] Das, E., Ozturk, A., Bayrakceken Yurtcan, A., "Electrocatalytical Application of Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on Reduced Graphene Oxide in PEM Fuel Cell: Effect of Reducing Agents of Dimethlyformamide or Hydrazine Hydrate on the Properties", Electroanalysis, 33: 1721-1735, (2021).
  • [16] Bayrakceken Yurtcan, A., Das, E., "Chemically synthesized reduced graphene oxide-carbon black based hybrid catalysts for PEM fuel cells", International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 43: 18691-18701, (2018).
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  • [19] Hulicova-Jurcakova, D., Kodama, M., Shiraishi, S., Hatori, H., Zhu, Z.H., Lu, G.Q., "Nitrogen-Enriched Nonporous Carbon Electrodes with Extraordinary Supercapacitance", Advanced Functional Materials, 19: 1800-1809, (2009).
  • [20] Kumar, S.M.S., Hidyatai, N., Herrero, J.S., Irusta, S., Scott, K., "Efficient tuning of the Pt nano-particle mono-dispersion on Vulcan XC-72R by selective pre-treatment and electrochemical evaluation of hydrogen oxidation and oxygen reduction reactions", International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 36: 5453-5465, (2011).
  • [21] Guha, A., Lu, W.J., Zawodzinski, T.A., Schiraldi, D.A., "Surface-modified carbons as platinum catalyst support for PEM fuel cells", Carbon, 45: 1506-1517, (2007).
  • [22] Yan, X.D., Liu, Y., Fan, X.R., Jia, X.L, Yu, Y.H., Yang, X.P., "Nitrogen/phosphorus co-doped nonporous carbon nanofibers for high-performance supercapacitors", Journal of Power Sources, 248: 745-751, (2014).
  • [23] Xu, F., Qiu, Y.Q., Han, H.J., Jiang, G.S., Zhao, R.X., Zhang, E., Li, H., Wang, H., Kaskel, S., "Manipulation of carbon framework from the microporous to nonporous via a mechanical-assisted treatment for structure-oriented energy storage", Carbon, 159: 140-148, (2020).
  • [24] Xu, F., Lai, Y.J., Fu, R.W., Wu, D.C., "A facile approach for tailoring carbon frameworks from microporous to nonporous for nanocarbons", Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 1: 5001-5005, (2013).
  • [25] Yakout, S.M., El-Deen, G.S., "Characterization of activated carbon prepared by phosphoric acid activation of olive stones", Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 9: S1155-S1162, (2016).
  • [26] Li, J.Y., Ma, L., Li, X.N., Lu, C.S., Liu, H.Z., "Effect of nitric acid, pretreatment on the properties of activated carbon and supported palladium catalysts", Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 44: 5478-5482, (2005).
  • [27] Gonzalez-Garcia, P., "Activated carbon from lignocellulosics precursors: A review of the synthesis methods, characterization techniques and applications", Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 82: 1393-414, (2018).
  • [28] Toprak, A., Kopac, T., "Carbon Dioxide Adsorption Using High Surface Area Activated Carbons from Local Coals Modified by KOH, NaOH and ZnCl2 Agents", International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering, 15: 1-16, (2017).
  • [29] Demiral, H., Demiral, I., "Surface properties of activated carbon prepared from wastes", Surface and Interface Analysis, 40: 612-615, (2008).
  • [30] Bag, O., Tekin, K., Karagoz, S., "Microporous activated carbons from lignocellulosic biomass by KOH activation", Fullerenes Nanotubes and Carbon Nanostructures, 28: 1030-1037, (2020).
  • [31] Kong, C.S., Kim, D.Y., Lee, H.K., Shul, Y.G., Lee, T.H., "Influence of pore-size distribution of diffusion layer on mass-transport problems of proton exchange membrane fuel cells”, Journal of Power Sources, 108: 185-191, (2002).
  • [32] Soboleva, T., Zhao, X.S., Mallek, K., Xie, Z., Navessin, T., Holdcroft, S., "On the Micro-, Meso- and Macroporous Structures of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Catalyst Layers", ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2: 375-384, (2010).
  • [33] Bayrakçeken, A., "Platinum or nickel nanoparticles decorated on silica spheres by microwave irradiation technique", Turkish Journal of Chemistry, 38: 309-316, (2014).
  • [34] Shoaib, A.G.M., El-Sikaily, A., El Nemr, A., Mohamed, A.E.A., Hassan, A.A., "Preparation and characterization of highly surface area activated carbons followed type IV from marine red alga (Pterocladia capillacea) by zinc chloride activation", Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, 12: 2253-2265, (2022).
  • [35] Girgis, B.S., Khalil, L.B., Tawfik, T.A.M., "Activated Carbon from Sugar-Cane Bagasse by Carbonization in the Presence of Inorganic Acids", Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 61: 87-92, (1994).
  • [36] Yang, Y.W., Hou, X.Y., Ding, C.F., Lan, J.L., Yu, Y.H., Yang, X.P., "Eco-friendly fabricated nonporous carbon nanofibers with high volumetric capacitance: improving rate performance by tri-dopants of nitrogen, phosphorus, and silicon", Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers, 4: 2024-2032, (2017).
  • [37] Ambroz, F., Macdonald, T.J., Martis, V., Parkin, I.P., "Evaluation of the BET Theory for the Characterization of Meso and Microporous MOFs", Small Methods, 2: 1800173, (2018).
  • [38] Dhapola, P.S., Sahoo, N.G., Bhattacharya, B., Kumar, Y., Singh, P.K., Gupta, M., "Elaborative Studies on Non-Porous Carbon Materialfor Super Capacitor Application", Macromolecular Symposia, 388: 1900035, (2019).
  • [39] Ozturk, A., Ozcelik, N., Bayrakçeken Yurtcan, A., "Platinum/graphene nanoplatelets/silicone rubber composites as polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell catalysts", Materials Chemistry and Physics, 260: 124110, (2021).
  • [40] Vengatesan, S., Kim, H.J., Kim, S.K., Oh, I.H., Lee, S.Y., Cho, E., Ha, H.Y., Lim, T-H., "High dispersion platinum catalyst using mesoporous carbon support for fuel cells", Electrochimica Acta, 54: 856-861, (2008).
  • [41] Niyogi, S., Bekyarova, E., Itkis, M.E., McWilliams, J.L., Hamon, M.A., Haddon, R.C., "Solution properties of graphite and graphene", Journal of the American Chemical Society, 128: 7720-7721, (2006).
  • [42] Santiago, D., Rodriguez-Calero, G.G., Rivera, H., Tryk, D.A., Scibioh, M.A., Cabrera, C.R., "Platinum Electrodeposition at High Surface Area Carbon Vulcan-XC-72R Material Using a Rotating Disk-Slurry Electrode Technique", Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 157: F189-F195, (2010).
  • [43] Diaz-Teran, J., Nevskaia, D.M., Lopez-Peinado, A.J., Jerez, A., "Porosity and adsorption properties of an activated charcoal", Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 187: 167-175, (2001).
  • [44] Lin, Q., Peng, X., Zhang, Z., "Electrochemical Determination of Hg(II) Ions Based on Biosynthesized Spherical Activated Carbon from Potato Starch", International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 12: 2232-2241, (2017).
  • [45] Avcioglu, G.S., Ficicilar, B., Bayrakceken, A., Eroglu, I., "High performance PEM fuel cell catalyst layers with hydrophobic channels", International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 40: 7720-7731, (2015).
  • [46] Zhang, M.Y., Yang, C., Wang, Y., Gao, F., Cheng, J., Zhang, J.Y., "High-Performance Supercapacitor Based on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Co-Doped Nonporous Polybenzoxazine-Based Carbon Electrodes", Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 165: A3313-A3320, (2018).

Year 2023, , 1463 - 1478, 01.12.2023

Ayşenur Öztürk , Ayşe Bayrakçeken Yurtcan

https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.1054803

Abstract

References

  • [1] Barbir, F., Yazici, S., "Status and development of PEM fuel cell technology", International Journal of Energy Research, 32: 369-378, (2008).
  • [2] Jung, N., Chung, D.Y., Ryu, J., Yoo, S.J., Sung, Y.E., "Pt-based nanoarchitecture and catalyst design for fuel cell applications", Nano Today, 9: 433-456, (2014).
  • [3] Du, L., Shao, Y.Y., Sun, J.M., Yin, G.P., Liu, J., Wang, Y., "Advanced catalyst supports for PEM fuel cell cathodes", Nano Energy, 29: 314-322, (2016).
  • [4] Bayrakceken, A., Smirnova, A., Kitkamthorn, U., Aindow, M., Turker, L., Eroglu, I., Erkey, C., "Vulcan-Supported Pt Electrocatalysts for PEMFCs Prepared using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Deposition", Chemical Engineering Communications, 196: 194-203, (2008).
  • [5] Das, E., Bayrakceken Yurtcan, A., "Effect of carbon ratio in the polypyrrole/carbon composite catalyst support on PEM fuel cell performance", International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 41: 13171-13179, (2016).
  • [6] Bozkurt, G., Memioglu, F., Bayrakceken, A., "Pt nanoparticles over PEDOT/carbon composites prepared by supercritical carbon dioxide deposition", Applied Surface Science, 318: 223-226, (2014).
  • [7] Guvenatam, B., Ficicilar, B., Bayrakceken, A., Eroglu, I., "Hollow core mesoporous shell carbon supported Pt electrocatalysts with high Pt loading for PEMFCs", International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 37: 1865-1874, (2012).
  • [8] Ficicilar, B., Bayrakceken, A., Eroglu, I., "Pt incorporated hollow core mesoporous shell carbon nanocomposite catalyst for proton exchange membrane fuel cells", International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 35: 9924-9933, (2010).
  • [9] Ozturk, A., Bayrakceken Yurtcan, A., "Synthesis of polypyrrole (PPy) based porous N-doped carbon nanotubes (N-CNTs) as catalyst support for PEM fuel cells", International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 43: 18559-18571, (2018).
  • [10] Caglar, A., Cogenli, M.S., Bayrakceken Yurtcan, A., Kivrak, H., "Effective carbon nanotube supported metal (M=Au, Ag, Co, Mn, Ni, V, Zn) core Pd shell bimetallic anode catalysts for formic acid fuel cells", Renewable Energy, 150: 78-90, (2020).
  • [11] Ozturk, A., Bayrakceken Yurtcan, A., "Raw and pyrolyzed (with and without melamine) graphene nanoplatelets with different surface areas as PEM fuel cell catalyst supports", Carbon Letters, 31: 1191-1214, (2021).
  • [12] Das, E., Alkan Gursel, S., Isıkel Sanli, L., Bayrakceken Yurtcan, A., "Thermodynamically controlled Pt deposition over graphene nanoplatelets: Effect of Pt loading on PEM fuel cell performance", International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 42: 19246-19256, (2017).
  • [13] Oner, E., Ozturk, A., Bayrakceken Yurtcan, A., "Utilization of the graphene aerogel as PEM fuel cell catalyst support: Effect of polypyrrole (PPy) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) addition", International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 45: 34818-34836, (2020).
  • [14] Cogenli, M.S., Bayrakceken Yurtcan, A., "Heteroatom doped 3D graphene aerogel supported catalysts for formic acid and methanol oxidation", International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 45: 650-666, (2020).
  • [15] Das, E., Ozturk, A., Bayrakceken Yurtcan, A., "Electrocatalytical Application of Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on Reduced Graphene Oxide in PEM Fuel Cell: Effect of Reducing Agents of Dimethlyformamide or Hydrazine Hydrate on the Properties", Electroanalysis, 33: 1721-1735, (2021).
  • [16] Bayrakceken Yurtcan, A., Das, E., "Chemically synthesized reduced graphene oxide-carbon black based hybrid catalysts for PEM fuel cells", International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 43: 18691-18701, (2018).
  • [17] Pethaiah, S.S., Kalaignan, G.P., Ulaganathan, M., Arunkumar, J., "Preparation of durable nanocatalyzed MEA for PEM fuel cell applications", Ionics, 17: 361-366, (2011).
  • [18] Zhao, J.J., Tu, Z.K., Chan, S.H., "Carbon corrosion mechanism and mitigation strategies in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC): A review", Journal of Power Sources, 488: 229434, (2021).
  • [19] Hulicova-Jurcakova, D., Kodama, M., Shiraishi, S., Hatori, H., Zhu, Z.H., Lu, G.Q., "Nitrogen-Enriched Nonporous Carbon Electrodes with Extraordinary Supercapacitance", Advanced Functional Materials, 19: 1800-1809, (2009).
  • [20] Kumar, S.M.S., Hidyatai, N., Herrero, J.S., Irusta, S., Scott, K., "Efficient tuning of the Pt nano-particle mono-dispersion on Vulcan XC-72R by selective pre-treatment and electrochemical evaluation of hydrogen oxidation and oxygen reduction reactions", International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 36: 5453-5465, (2011).
  • [21] Guha, A., Lu, W.J., Zawodzinski, T.A., Schiraldi, D.A., "Surface-modified carbons as platinum catalyst support for PEM fuel cells", Carbon, 45: 1506-1517, (2007).
  • [22] Yan, X.D., Liu, Y., Fan, X.R., Jia, X.L, Yu, Y.H., Yang, X.P., "Nitrogen/phosphorus co-doped nonporous carbon nanofibers for high-performance supercapacitors", Journal of Power Sources, 248: 745-751, (2014).
  • [23] Xu, F., Qiu, Y.Q., Han, H.J., Jiang, G.S., Zhao, R.X., Zhang, E., Li, H., Wang, H., Kaskel, S., "Manipulation of carbon framework from the microporous to nonporous via a mechanical-assisted treatment for structure-oriented energy storage", Carbon, 159: 140-148, (2020).
  • [24] Xu, F., Lai, Y.J., Fu, R.W., Wu, D.C., "A facile approach for tailoring carbon frameworks from microporous to nonporous for nanocarbons", Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 1: 5001-5005, (2013).
  • [25] Yakout, S.M., El-Deen, G.S., "Characterization of activated carbon prepared by phosphoric acid activation of olive stones", Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 9: S1155-S1162, (2016).
  • [26] Li, J.Y., Ma, L., Li, X.N., Lu, C.S., Liu, H.Z., "Effect of nitric acid, pretreatment on the properties of activated carbon and supported palladium catalysts", Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 44: 5478-5482, (2005).
  • [27] Gonzalez-Garcia, P., "Activated carbon from lignocellulosics precursors: A review of the synthesis methods, characterization techniques and applications", Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 82: 1393-414, (2018).
  • [28] Toprak, A., Kopac, T., "Carbon Dioxide Adsorption Using High Surface Area Activated Carbons from Local Coals Modified by KOH, NaOH and ZnCl2 Agents", International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering, 15: 1-16, (2017).
  • [29] Demiral, H., Demiral, I., "Surface properties of activated carbon prepared from wastes", Surface and Interface Analysis, 40: 612-615, (2008).
  • [30] Bag, O., Tekin, K., Karagoz, S., "Microporous activated carbons from lignocellulosic biomass by KOH activation", Fullerenes Nanotubes and Carbon Nanostructures, 28: 1030-1037, (2020).
  • [31] Kong, C.S., Kim, D.Y., Lee, H.K., Shul, Y.G., Lee, T.H., "Influence of pore-size distribution of diffusion layer on mass-transport problems of proton exchange membrane fuel cells”, Journal of Power Sources, 108: 185-191, (2002).
  • [32] Soboleva, T., Zhao, X.S., Mallek, K., Xie, Z., Navessin, T., Holdcroft, S., "On the Micro-, Meso- and Macroporous Structures of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Catalyst Layers", ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2: 375-384, (2010).
  • [33] Bayrakçeken, A., "Platinum or nickel nanoparticles decorated on silica spheres by microwave irradiation technique", Turkish Journal of Chemistry, 38: 309-316, (2014).
  • [34] Shoaib, A.G.M., El-Sikaily, A., El Nemr, A., Mohamed, A.E.A., Hassan, A.A., "Preparation and characterization of highly surface area activated carbons followed type IV from marine red alga (Pterocladia capillacea) by zinc chloride activation", Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, 12: 2253-2265, (2022).
  • [35] Girgis, B.S., Khalil, L.B., Tawfik, T.A.M., "Activated Carbon from Sugar-Cane Bagasse by Carbonization in the Presence of Inorganic Acids", Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 61: 87-92, (1994).
  • [36] Yang, Y.W., Hou, X.Y., Ding, C.F., Lan, J.L., Yu, Y.H., Yang, X.P., "Eco-friendly fabricated nonporous carbon nanofibers with high volumetric capacitance: improving rate performance by tri-dopants of nitrogen, phosphorus, and silicon", Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers, 4: 2024-2032, (2017).
  • [37] Ambroz, F., Macdonald, T.J., Martis, V., Parkin, I.P., "Evaluation of the BET Theory for the Characterization of Meso and Microporous MOFs", Small Methods, 2: 1800173, (2018).
  • [38] Dhapola, P.S., Sahoo, N.G., Bhattacharya, B., Kumar, Y., Singh, P.K., Gupta, M., "Elaborative Studies on Non-Porous Carbon Materialfor Super Capacitor Application", Macromolecular Symposia, 388: 1900035, (2019).
  • [39] Ozturk, A., Ozcelik, N., Bayrakçeken Yurtcan, A., "Platinum/graphene nanoplatelets/silicone rubber composites as polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell catalysts", Materials Chemistry and Physics, 260: 124110, (2021).
  • [40] Vengatesan, S., Kim, H.J., Kim, S.K., Oh, I.H., Lee, S.Y., Cho, E., Ha, H.Y., Lim, T-H., "High dispersion platinum catalyst using mesoporous carbon support for fuel cells", Electrochimica Acta, 54: 856-861, (2008).
  • [41] Niyogi, S., Bekyarova, E., Itkis, M.E., McWilliams, J.L., Hamon, M.A., Haddon, R.C., "Solution properties of graphite and graphene", Journal of the American Chemical Society, 128: 7720-7721, (2006).
  • [42] Santiago, D., Rodriguez-Calero, G.G., Rivera, H., Tryk, D.A., Scibioh, M.A., Cabrera, C.R., "Platinum Electrodeposition at High Surface Area Carbon Vulcan-XC-72R Material Using a Rotating Disk-Slurry Electrode Technique", Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 157: F189-F195, (2010).
  • [43] Diaz-Teran, J., Nevskaia, D.M., Lopez-Peinado, A.J., Jerez, A., "Porosity and adsorption properties of an activated charcoal", Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 187: 167-175, (2001).
  • [44] Lin, Q., Peng, X., Zhang, Z., "Electrochemical Determination of Hg(II) Ions Based on Biosynthesized Spherical Activated Carbon from Potato Starch", International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 12: 2232-2241, (2017).
  • [45] Avcioglu, G.S., Ficicilar, B., Bayrakceken, A., Eroglu, I., "High performance PEM fuel cell catalyst layers with hydrophobic channels", International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 40: 7720-7731, (2015).
  • [46] Zhang, M.Y., Yang, C., Wang, Y., Gao, F., Cheng, J., Zhang, J.Y., "High-Performance Supercapacitor Based on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Co-Doped Nonporous Polybenzoxazine-Based Carbon Electrodes", Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 165: A3313-A3320, (2018).
There are 46 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Chemical Engineering
Authors

Ayşenur Öztürk 0000-0001-9421-8091

Ayşe Bayrakçeken Yurtcan 0000-0002-8964-0869

Publication Date December 1, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023

Cite

APA Öztürk, A., & Bayrakçeken Yurtcan, A. (2023). Alternative Support Material to Platinum Catalyst Used for Oxygen Reduction Reaction: Nonporous Carbon. Gazi University Journal of Science, 36(4), 1463-1478. https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.1054803
AMA Öztürk A, Bayrakçeken Yurtcan A. Alternative Support Material to Platinum Catalyst Used for Oxygen Reduction Reaction: Nonporous Carbon. Gazi University Journal of Science. December 2023;36(4):1463-1478. doi:10.35378/gujs.1054803
Chicago Öztürk, Ayşenur, and Ayşe Bayrakçeken Yurtcan. “Alternative Support Material to Platinum Catalyst Used for Oxygen Reduction Reaction: Nonporous Carbon”. Gazi University Journal of Science 36, no. 4 (December 2023): 1463-78. https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.1054803.
EndNote Öztürk A, Bayrakçeken Yurtcan A (December 1, 2023) Alternative Support Material to Platinum Catalyst Used for Oxygen Reduction Reaction: Nonporous Carbon. Gazi University Journal of Science 36 4 1463–1478.
IEEE A. Öztürk and A. Bayrakçeken Yurtcan, “Alternative Support Material to Platinum Catalyst Used for Oxygen Reduction Reaction: Nonporous Carbon”, Gazi University Journal of Science, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 1463–1478, 2023, doi: 10.35378/gujs.1054803.
ISNAD Öztürk, Ayşenur - Bayrakçeken Yurtcan, Ayşe. “Alternative Support Material to Platinum Catalyst Used for Oxygen Reduction Reaction: Nonporous Carbon”. Gazi University Journal of Science 36/4 (December 2023), 1463-1478. https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.1054803.
JAMA Öztürk A, Bayrakçeken Yurtcan A. Alternative Support Material to Platinum Catalyst Used for Oxygen Reduction Reaction: Nonporous Carbon. Gazi University Journal of Science. 2023;36:1463–1478.
MLA Öztürk, Ayşenur and Ayşe Bayrakçeken Yurtcan. “Alternative Support Material to Platinum Catalyst Used for Oxygen Reduction Reaction: Nonporous Carbon”. Gazi University Journal of Science, vol. 36, no. 4, 2023, pp. 1463-78, doi:10.35378/gujs.1054803.
Vancouver Öztürk A, Bayrakçeken Yurtcan A. Alternative Support Material to Platinum Catalyst Used for Oxygen Reduction Reaction: Nonporous Carbon. Gazi University Journal of Science. 2023;36(4):1463-78.