Effect of Wall Colors and Usage Rates on The Perception of Interior Spaces

Year 2023, , 965 - 982, 01.09.2023

Kübra Aksoy Özler , M. Lütfi Hidayetoğlu , Kemal Yıldırım

https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.1120440

Cited By: 2

Abstract

In this study, it was aimed to determine the effects of colors and the usage rates in interior spaces on the spatial perceptions of users. With this objective, a living space was designed in a manner that would have three different colors (warm, neutral, and cool) and usage rates at 10%, 50%, and 100% and digital visuals were prepared. A total of 233 subjects participated in the research questionnaire and the data obtained were analyzed. In conclusion, it was determined that the living spaces which were colored at a low rate were perceived more positively according to the Semantic Differentiation Scales compared to the completely colored spaces. The spaces where warm and cool colors were used at the rate of 10% were perceived as more spacious and beautiful compared to the spaces where colors were used at the rates of 50% and 100%, whereas it was observed that when the values received were from positive to negative, they were listed in the form of 10% > 50% > 100%. Despite this, it was determined that the spaces where warm colors were used at the rates of 50% and 100% were perceived as more informal. Furthermore, it was observed that the differences in the colors used on the walls and the usage rates were changing according to gender and professions. Accordingly, it was determined that especially females and interior architects preferred, even more, the spaces with warm colors having a low usage rate.

Keywords

Space, Spatial perception, Color, Color perception, Color rate

References

• [1] Baker, J., “The role of the environment in marketing services: the consumer perspective” In: J. Czepiel, C. Congram, J. Shanahan, eds. The Services Challenge: Integrating for Competitive Advantage, American Marketing Association, Chicago, (1986).
• [2] Chen, Y., Yu, L., Westland, S., and Cheung, V., “Investigation of designers' colour selection process”, Color Research and Application, 46(3): 557-565, (2021).
• [3] Elliot, A.J., Fairchild, M., and Franklin, A., “Handbook of Color Psychology”, Cambridge University Press, UK, (2018). [4] Mahnke, F.H., “Color, Environment, and Human Response”, John Wiley & Sons, NY, (1996).
• [5] Meerwein, G., Rodeck, B., and Mahnke, F.H., “Color - Communication in Architectural Space”, Walter de Gruyter, Germany, (2007).
• [6] Burkitt, E., Tala, K., and Low, J., “Finnish and English children's color use to depict affectively characterized figures”, International Journal of Behavioral Development, 31(1): 59-64, (2007).
• [7] Child, I.L., Hansen, J.A., and Hornbeck, F.W., “Age and sex differences in children's color preferences”, Child Development, 39 (1): 237-247, (1968).
• [8] Wilkins, A., Lewis, E., Smith, F., Rowland, E., and Tweedie, W., “Coloured overlays and their benefit for reading”, Journal of Research in Reading, 24(1): 41-64, (2001).
• [9] Xiao, K., Luo, M.R., Changjun, L., Cui, G., and Park, D., “Investigation of colour size effect for colour appearance assessment”, Color Research and Application, 36(3): 201-209, (2011).
• [10] Yi, F., and Kang, J., “Impact of environment color on individual responses in public spaces of shopping malls”, Color Research and Application, 45(3): 512-526, (2020).
• [11] Min, Y.H., and Lee, S., “Does interior color contrast enhance spatial memory?”, Color Research and Application, 45(2): 352-361, (2020).
• [12] Yildirim, K., Hidayetoglu, M.L., and Capanoglu, A., “Effects of interior colors on mood and preference: comparisons of two living rooms”, Perceptual and Motor Skills, 112(2): 509-524, (2011).
• [13] Yildirim, K., Cagatay, K., and Ayalp, N., “Effect of wall colour on the perception of classrooms”, Indoor and Built Environment, 24(5): 607-616, (2015).
• [14] Baniani, M., and Yamamoto, S., “A comparative study on correlation between personal background and interior color preference”, Color Research and Application, 40(4): 416-424, (2015).
• [15] Jiang, L., Cheung, V., Westland, S., Rhodes, P.A., Shen, L., and Xu, L., “The impact of color preference on adolescent children's choice of furniture”, Color Research and Application, 45(4): 754-767, (2020).
• [16] Müezzinoğlu, M.K., Hidayetoğlu, M.L., and Yıldırım, K., “The effects of the wall colors used in educational spaces on the perceptual evaluations of students”, Megaron, 15(1): 1-12, (2020).
• [17] Tantanatewin, W., and Inkarojrit, V., “Effects of color and lighting on retail impression and identity”, Journal of Environmental Psychology, 46: 197-205, (2016).
• [18] O'Connell, B.J., Harper, R.S., and Mc Andrew, F.T., “Grip strength as a function of exposure to red or green visual stimulation”, Perceptual and Motor Skills, 61(3): 1157-1158, (1985).
• [19] Kwallek, N., Lewis, C.M., and Robbins, A.S., “Effects of office interior color on workers' mood and productivity”, Perceptual and Motor Skills, 66(1): 123-128, (1988).
• [20] Köseoğlu, E., and Çelikkayalar, E., “Yapılı çevrede renk tercihleri”, Mimarlık Bilimleri ve Uygulamaları Dergisi, 1(2): 57-65, (2016).
• [21] Hogg, J., Goodman, S., Porter, T., Mikellides, B., and Preddy, D.E., “Dimensions and determinants of judgements of colour samples and a simulated interior space by architects and non‐architects”, British Journal of Psychology, 70(2): 231-242, (1979).
• [22] Hidayetoglu, M.L., Yildirim, K., and Akalin, A., “The effects of color and light on indoor wayfinding and the evaluation of the perceived environment”, Journal of Environmental Psychology, 32(1): 50-58, (2012).
• [23] Savavibool, N., and Moorapun, C., “Effects of colour, area and height on space perception”, Environment Behaviour Proceedings Journal, 2(6): 351-359, (2017).
• [24] Tate, A., “The Making of Interiors: An Introduction, Harper Collins, New York, (1987).
• [25] Li, K.R., Yang, Y.Q., and Zheng, Z.Q., “Research on color harmony of building façades”, Color Research and Application, 45(1): 105-119, (2020).
• [26] Memiş, H.Ö., “Renk algısının algısal organizasyonunun bireysel farklılıklar metodu ile değerlendirilmesi ve renk algısında cinsiyet farklılıkları”, MSc. Thesis, İstanbul University, Institute of Social Science, İstanbul, (2007).
• [27] Yildirim, K., Akalin-Baskaya, A., and Hidayetoglu, M.L., “Effects of indoor color on mood and cognitive performance”, Building and Environment, 42(9): 3233-3240, (2007).
• [28] Kwallek, N., “Office wall color: an assessment of spaciousness and preference”, Perceptual and Motor Skills, 83(1): 49-50, (1996).
• [29] Kwallek, N., and Lewis, C.M., “Effects of environmental colour on males and females: a red or white or green office”, Applied Ergonomics, 21(4): 275-278, (1990). [30] Jalil, N.A., Yunus, R.M., and Said, N.S., “Students’ colour perception and preference: an empirical analysis of its relationship. Sixth International Conference on University Learning and Teaching (InCULT 2012)”, Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 90: 575-582, (2013). [31] Çağatay, K., Hidayetoğlu, M.L., and Yıldırım, K., “Lise koridor duvarlarında kullanılan renklerin öğrencilerin algısal değerlendirmeleri üzerindeki etkileri”, Hacettepe University Journal of Education, 32(2): 466-479, (2017).
• [32] Ertürk, S., “Mimari mekânların algılanması üzerine deneysel bir çalışma”. PhD Thesis. Karadeniz Technical University, Institute of Science, Trabzon, (1984).
• [33] Yildirim, K., Capanoglu, A., Cagatay, K., and Hidayetoglu, M.L., “Effect of wall colour on the perception of hairdressing salons”, Journal of the International Colour Association, 7: 51-63, (2012).
• [34] Müezzinoğlu, M.K., Hidayetoğlu, M.L., and Yıldırım, K., “The effects of light color temperatures on students' perceptual evaluations in design studios”, Color Research and Application, 46(5): 1006-1018, (2021).
• [35] Stone, N.J., “Environmental view and color for a simulated telemarketing task”, Journal of Environmental Psychology, 23(1): 63-78, (2003).
• [36] Babin, B.J., Hardesty, D.M., and Suter, T.A., “Color and shopping intentions: the intervening effect of price fairness and perceived affect”, Journal of Business Research, 56(7): 541-551, (2003).
• [37] Tsunetsugu, Y., Miyazaki, Y., and Sato, H., “Visual effects of interior design in actual-size living rooms on physiological responses”, Building and Environment, 40(10): 1341-1346, (2005).
• [38] Tlauka, M., Brolese, A., Pomeroy, D., and Hobbs, W., “Gender differences in spatial knowledge acquired through simulated exploration of a virtual shopping centre”, Journal of Environmental Psychology, 25(1): 111-118, (2005).
• [39] Wolbers, T., and Hegarty. M., “What determines our navigational abilities?”, Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 14(3): 138-146, (2010).
• [40] Ayalp, N., Yıldırım, K., and Çağatay, K. “Effect on Users of the Seating Element Types in Cafés / Restaurants”, G.U. Journal of Science, 30(4): 15-28, (2017).
• [41] Uttley, J., “Power analysis, sample size and assessment of statistical assumptions—improving the evidential value of lighting research”, LEUKOS, 15(2-3): 143-162, (2019).
• [42] Kula Kartal, S., and Mor Dirlik, E., “Geçerlik kavramının tarihsel gelişimi ve güvenirlikte en çok tercih edilen yöntem: Cronbach alfa katsayısı”, Abant Izzet Baysal University Journal of Faculty of Education, 16(4): 1865-1879, (2016).
• [43] Cronbach, L.J., “Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests”, Psychometrika, 16(3):297-334, (1951).
• [44] Panayides, P., “Coefficient alpha: interpret with caution”, Europe's Journal of Psychology, 9(4): 687-696, (2013).
• [45] Yıldırım, K., Akalın, A., and Hidayetoğlu, M.L., “The Effects of the Store Window Type on Consumers' Perception and Shopping Attitudes Through the Use of Digital Pictures”, G.U. Journal of Science, 20(2): 30-40, (2007).
• [46] Mehta, R., and Zhu, R.J., “Blue or red? Exploring the effect of color on cognitive task performances”, Science, 323(5918): 1226-1229, (2019).
• [47] Güneş, E., and Olguntürk, N., “Color-emotion associations in interiors”, Color Research and Application, 45(1): 129-141, (2020).
• [48] Ulusoy, B., Olguntürk, N., and Aslanoğlu, R., “Colour semantics in residential interior architecture on different interior types”, Color Research and Application, 45(5): 941-952, (2020).