Assessment of Factors Affecting Water Consumption: The Case of İzmir, Türkiye

Abstract

Water stress is a pressing global issue that necessitates a comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing water consumption. Sustainable management of this vital resource is especially critical in urban environments, where large population often intensifies demand. In this context, Turkey serves as a pertinent case study, particularly in major cities like İzmir, where climate-related pressures are presenting substantial challenges in water supply. This study focuses on per capita water consumption at the urban micro-scale, collecting data from 286 neighborhoods. The research analyzes 13 variables, encompassing demographic, socioeconomic, and urban built-up factors, to identify the primary drivers behind increased water use. To examine the patterns and causative factors of residential water use in İzmir, multivariate analysis methods were employed, including cluster analysis, spatial autocorrelation, correlation, and multiple linear regression. As a result of the cluster analysis, 2 clusters were formed, and the spatial autocorrelation analysis findings showed that water consumption was not randomly distributed (z=11.8, p<0.01). The findings of correlation analysis reveal that socioeconomic status and the extent of impervious surfaces significantly influence water consumption (Higher School: r = 0.648**, p < 0.01; M² Price: r = 0.405**, p < 0.01; CWR: r = -0.475**, p < 0.01; NDISI: r=0.299**, p < 0.01). As a result of multiple linear regression analysis, a model was obtained that reveals the collective effect of the factors affecting water consumption (R² = 0.533). These insights offer valuable guidance for decision-makers on improving urban water demand management, supporting sustainable water management practices amidst growing global challenges.

Keywords

• Water consumption
• Driving factors
• Multiple linear regression

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