Modelling and Analysing of Electricity Transmission Infrastructure of Ankara, Turkey: A Case Study on the Critical Line Scenarios

Abstract

The use of electricity has been increasing constantly from past to now and there is a need of reliable transmission and distribution systems in order to provide continuous and balanced energy. Besides, traditional energy management systems have been forced to change as a result of increases in the usage of renewable energy resources and the efficiency of demand-side on the market. In this respect, power systems should be planned and operated, properly and the balance of generation-consumption should be ensured within the nominal voltage limits. In this study, initially, the current status of electricity infrastructure in Turkey is evaluated. Afterwards, the electricity transmission infrastructure of Ankara that is the capital city of Turkey is modelled by Digsilent program. The critical line scenarios are implemented on the electricity transmission infrastructure model developed. These scenarios are based on the period of maximum and minimum electricity demand and the effects of demand response in this period. As a result of grid analyses performed, several findings has been obtained about the impacts of different line scenarios on the transmission system, the optimization of grid voltage profile and the role of demand response on voltage regulation.

Keywords

• Electricity transmission system,modelling; critical line scenarios; demand response; power flow; voltage regulation

References

1. P.S. Georgilakis and N.D. Hatziargyriou, “A review of power distribution planning in the modern power systems era: Models, methods and future research”, Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 121, pp. 89-100, April 2015.
2. J. Abushnaf, A. Rassau and W. Górnisiewicz, “Impact of dynamic energy pricing schemes on a novel multi-user home energy management System”, Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 125, pp. 124-132, August 2015.
3. A. Shobole and A. Karakas, ”Real time balancing of supply and demand in smart grid by using storage, controllable loads and smart generations”, 2nd International Istanbul Smart Grid Congress and Fair, pp. 201-206, 8-9 May 2014, Istanbul, Turkey.
4. E. Canbek, “Basin planning within the Turkish electricity transmission planning criteria and planning the sason basin in this scope”, Gazi University, MSc Thesis, 2010.
5. P. Juanuwattanakul, M.A.S. Masoum and P.S. Moses, ”Voltage analysis for placements of DG in unbalanced distribution network”, IEEE 11th International Conference on Electrical Power Quality and Utilisation, pp. 1-4, 17-19 October 2011, Lisbon, Portugal.
6. M. Vukobratoviü , Ž. Hederiü and M. Hadžiselimoviü, “Optimal distributed generation placement in distribution network”, IEEE International Energy Conference, pp. 1176-1183, 13-16 May 2014, Cavtat.
7. R. Bayindir, S. Sagiroglu, I. Colak, “An intelligent power factor corrector for power system using artificial neural Networks”, Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 79, no. 1, pp. 152-160, January 2009.
8. N. Pamuk, “Power flow simulations of 380 and 154 kV Northwest Anatolia grid”, Sakarya University, MSc Thesis, 2009.

9. N. Pamuk, “Modelling and analyzing electricity transmission network in the province of Sakarya using matlab/simulink software”, Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology of Erciyes University, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 19-39, 2011.
10. A. Kaygusuz, O. Gul and B.B. Alagöz, “A load flow analysis for impacts of renewable distributed generation conditions on power systems”, The Journal of Electrical, Electronics, Biomedical and Computer Engineering, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 77-85, December 2012.
11. L.G. Meegahapola, E. Vittal, A. Keane and D. Flynn, “Voltage security constrained reactive power optimization incorporating wind generation”, IEEE International Conference on Power System Technology, pp. 1-6, Oct. 30 2012-Nov. 2 2012, Auckland.
12. X. Li and H. Wang, “Operation risk assessment of wind farm integrated system influenced by weather conditions”, IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, pp. 1-5, 21-25 July 2013, Vancouver, BC.
13. R. Elliott, R. Byrne, A. Ellis and L. Grant, ”Impact of increased photovoltaic generation on inter-area oscillations in the Western North American power system”, IEEE PES General Meeting | Conference & Exposition, pp. 1-5, 27-31 July 2014, National Harbor, MD.
14. N.K.C. Nair and L. Jeing, “Power quality analysis for building integrated PV and micro-wind turbine in New Zealand”, Energy and Buildings, vol. 58, pp. 302-309, March 2013.
15. S. You and H. Segerberg, “Integration of %100 micro-distributed energy resources in the low voltage distribution network: A Danish case study”, Applied Thermal Engineering, vol. 71, pp. 797-808, 2014.
16. A. Singhn, D. Willi, N. Chokani and R.S. Abhari, “Optimal power flow analysis of a Switzerland's transmission system for long-term capacity planning”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 34, pp. 596-607, June 2014.
17. G. Celli, S. Mocci, N. Natale and F. Pilo, “The effect of massive renewable deployment on the Sardinian power system”, IEEE 2nd IET Renewable Power Generation Conference, pp. 1-4, 9-11 Sept. 2013, Beijing, China.
18. P. Wang, J.Y. Huang, Y. Ding, P. Loh and L. Goel, “Demand side load management of smart grids using intelligent trading/metering/billing system”, IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, pp. 1-6, 25-29 July 2010, Minneapolis, MN.
19. H. Cha, J. Choi and D. Won, “Smart load management in demand response using microgrid EMS”, IEEE International Energy Conference, pp. 833- 837, 13-16 May 2014, Cavtat.
20. W. Fan, Y. Liao, J. See, B. Goins, C. Gill, J. Petreshock and J. D. Bridges, “Distribution system voltage and VAr optimization”, IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, pp. 1-8, 22-26 July 2012, San Diego, CA.
21. J.O. Petinrin and M. Shaaban, “Voltage control in a smart distribution network using demand response”, IEEE International Conference on Power and Energy, pp. 319-324, 1-3 December 2014, Kuching.
22. M. Hanai, H. Kojima, N. Hayakawa and K. Shinoda, “Integration of asset management and smart grid with intelligent grid management system”, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, vol. 20, no. 6, pp. 2195-2202, December 2013.
23. TEIAS Load Dispatch Reports, Turkey, 2015. Available at: http://www.teias.gov.tr/YukTevzi Raporlari.aspx.
24. E. Lobato, I. Egido and L. Rouco, “Monitoring frequency control in the Turkish power System”, Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 84, no. 1, pp. 144-151, March 2012.
25. S. Guner and A. Ozdemir, “Turkish power system: From conventional past to smart future”, IEEE 2nd PES International Conference and Exhibition on Innovative Smart Grid Technologies, pp. 1-4, 5-7 Dec. 2011, Manchester, England.
26. TEIAS 2015-2019 Term Strategic Plan, Turkey, 2015. Available at: http://www.teias.gov.tr/ dosyalar/stratejik_plan2015_2019.pdf.
27. IEEE Recommended Practice for Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Analysis, IEEE Std 399-199, American National Standards Institute, August 1998.
28. L.R. Chamorro, A. Bernstein, J.Y. Boudec and M. Paolone, “A composable method for real-time control of active distribution networks with explicit power setpoints. Part II: Implementation and validation”, Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 125, pp. 265-280, August 2015.
29. M. Eremia and M. Shahidehpour., Handbook of Electrical Power System Dynamics: Modelling, Stability and Control, Wiley-IEEE Press, pp. 291-339, 657-736, April 2013.
30. M.Z. Degefa, M. Lehtonen, R.J. Millar, A. Alahäivälä and E. Saarijärvi, “Optimal voltage control strategies for day-ahead active distribution network operation”, Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 127, pp. 41-52, October 2015.
31. K.V. Bergh, D. Couckuyt, E. Delarue and W. D’haeseleer, “Redispatching in an interconnected electricity system with high renewables penetration”, Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 127, pp. 64-72, October 2015.