Preparation of Surface Imprinted Magnetic Nanoparticles for Selective Detection of Ciprofloxacin in Milk

Abstract

Molecular imprinted polymers were synthesized for selective detection of ciprofloxacin on magnetic nanoparticles via surface initiated free radical polymerization. Methacrylic acid, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, azobisisobutyronitrile and ciprofloxacin were used for the formation of molecular imprinted layer as a functional monomer, cross linker, initiator and template molecule, respectively. The surface characterization of the prepared nanoparticles were carried out by using several surface characterization methods such as TEM, XPS and VSM. The prepared imprinted nanoparticles had high binding capacity and fast adsorption kinetics. Additionally, the prepared nanoparticles showed superparamagnetic property with rapid magnetic separation and retained binding selectivity after ten adsorption-desorption cycles. The imprinted magnetic nanoparticles were subsequently applied for selective separation and determination of CPX from milk with high recoveries (98.0% - 98.8%) and low relative standard deviations (2.76% - 4.59%). All the results have shown that the developed new method is a good alternative for the selective separation of ciprofloxacin in complex medium.

Keywords

• magnetic nanoparticles,molecular imprinting,magnetic separation,ciprofloxacin,milk

References

1. REFERENCES
2. [1] Campoli, R.D.M., Monk, P.J.,Price, P., Benfield,P., Todd,P., Ward, A., “Ciprofloxacin a review of its antibacterial activity, pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic use”, Drugs, 35:373-447 (1988).
3. [2] Firsov, A.A., Vostrov, S.N., Shevchenko, A.A.,Zinner, S.H.,Cornaglia, G.,Portnoy, Y.A., “A new approach to in vitro comparisons of antibiotics in dynamic models: equivalent area under the curve/MIC breakpoints and equiefficient doses of trovafloxacin and ciprofloxacin against bacteria of similar susceptibilities”, Antimicrobia. Agents Chemotherapy, 42:2841-2847 (1998).
4. [3] Rao, G. S., Ramesh, S.,Ahmad, A. H., Tripathi, H. C.,“Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin in goats given enrofloxacin alone and in combination with probenecid”,The Veterinary Journal, 163: 85-93 (2002).
5. [4]. Fang, W. H., Zhou, S., Yu, H. J., Hu, L., Zhou, K., Liang, S., “ Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin in scylla serrata following oral gavage at two salinities ”, Aquaculture, 272: 180-187 (2007).
6. [6] Navalón, A., Blanc, R., Reyes, L., Navas, N., Vílchez, J.L., “Determination of the antibacterial enrofloxacin by differential-pulse adsorptive stripping voltammetry”, Analytica Chimica Acta, 454:83-91 (2002).
7. [7] Gonz´alez, C., Moreno, L., Small, J., Jones, D.G., Bruni, S.F., “A liquid chromatographic method, with fluorometric detection, for the determination of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in plasma and endometrial tissue of mares”, Analytica Chimica Acta, 560:227-234 (2006).
8. [8] Huet, A.C., Chariler, C., Tittlemier, S.A., Singh, G., Benrejeb, S., Delahaut, P., “Simultaneous determination of (fluoro)quinolone antibiotics in kidney, marine products, eggs, and muscle by enzyme-linked ımmunosorbent assay (ELISA)”,Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 54:2822-2827 (2006).

9. [9] Cester, C.C., Toutain, P.L., “A comprehensive model for enrofloxacin to ciprofloxacin transformation and disposition in dog”, Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 86: 1148-1155 (1997).
10. [10] Hernández, M., Aguilar, C., Borrull, F., Calull, M., “Determination of ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin and flumequine in pig plasma samples by capillary isotachophoresis–capillary zone electrophoresis", Journal of Chromatography B, 772:163-172 (2002) .
11. [11] Vlatakis, G., Anderson, L. I., Müller, R., Mosbach, K. “Drug assay using antibody mimics made by molecular imprinting”, Nature, 361:645-647 (1993).
12. [12] Chen, L. ,Xu, S., Li, J., “Recent advances in molecular imprinting technology: current status, challenges and highlighted applications”, Chemical Society Review, 40:2922-2942 (2011).
13. [13] Chikazumi,S., Taketomi, S., Ukita, M., Mizukami, M., Miyajima, H., Setogawa ,M., Kurihara, J., “Physics of magnetic fluids”, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 65:245-251 (1987).
14. [14] Lu, A-H., Schmidt, W., Matoussevitch, N., Bönnemann,H., Spliethoff, B., Tesche, B., Bill, E., Kiefer, W., Schüth, F., “Nanoengineering of a magnetically separable hydrogenation catalyst” Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 43:4303-4306 (2004)
15. [15] Tsang, S.C., Caps,V., Paraskevas, I., Chadwick, D., Thompsett, D., “Magnetically Separable, Carbon-Supported Nanocatalysts for the Manufacture of Fine Chemicals”, Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 43:5645-5649 (2004).
16. [16] Gupta, A.K., Gupta, M., “Synthesis and surface engineering of iron oxide nanoparticles for biomedical applications”,Biomaterials, 26:3995-4021 (2005).
17. [17] Neveu ,S., Bee, A., Robineau, M.,Talbot, D., “Size-selective chemical synthesis of tartrate stabilized cobalt ferrite Ionic magnetic fluid”, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 255:293-298 (2002).
18. [18] Grasset, F., Labhsetwar, N., Li, D., Park, D.C., Saito,N., Haneda,H., Cador, O., Roisnel, T., Mornet, S., Duguet, E., Portier, J., Etourneau, J., “Synthesis and magnetic characterization of zinc ferrite nanoparticles with different environments: powder colloidal solution and zinc ferrite−silica core−shell nanoparticles”, Langmuir, 18:8209-8216 (2002).
19. [19] Sun, S., Zeng, H., “Size-controlled synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles”, Journal of American Chemical Society, 124:8204–8205 (2002).
20. [20] Park, S.J., Kim, S., Lee,S., Khim, Z.G., Char, K., Hyeon, T.,” Synthesis and magnetic studies of uniform Iron nanorods and nanospheres Journal of American Chemical Society, 122:8581-8582 (2000).
21. [21] Chen, Q. ,Rondinone, A.J., Chakoumakos, B.C., Zhang, Z.J., “Synthesis of superparamagnetic MgFe2O4 nanoparticles by coprecipitation”, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 194:1-7 (1999).
22. [22] Ansell, R.J., Mosbach, K.,” Magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer beads for drug radioligand binding assay”, Analyst, 123: 1611-1616 (1998).
23. [23] Tan, C.J., Chua, H.G., Ker, H.K., Tong, Y.W., “Preparation of bovine serum albumin surface-Imprinted submicrometer particles with magnetic susceptibility through core−shell miniemulsion polymerization”, Analiytical Chemistry 80:683–692 (2008).
24. [24] Tumturk, H., Sahin, F., Turan, E., “Magnetic nanoparticles coated with different shells orbio recognition high specific binding capacity”, Analyst, 139:1093–1100 (2014).
25. [25] Bulte, W.M., Cuyper, M., Despres, D., Frank, J.A., “Preparation relaxometry and biokinetics of PEGylated magnetoliposomes as MR contrast agent”,Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 194:204-209 (1999).
26. [26] Smith,G.C., “Evaluation of a simple correction for the hydrocarbon contamination layer in quantitative surface analysis by XPS”, Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena, 148:21-28, (2005).
27. [27] Ge, J., Hu, Y., Zhang, T., Yin, Y., “Superparamagnetic composite colloids with anisotropic structures”, of American Chemical Society, 129:8974–8975 (2007).
28. [28] Umpleby, R.J., Baxter, S.C., Bode, M,. Berch, J.K., Shah, R.N., Shimizu, K.D., “Application of the freundlich adsorption isotherm in the characterization of molecularly imprinted polymers original research article”, Analytica Chimica Acta, 435:35-42 (2001).