Effects of Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki on Midgut Cells of Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Lepidoptera: Thaumetopoeidae), The Pine Processionary Caterpillar

Year 2014, Volume: 27 Issue: 2, 861 - 870, 27.06.2014

Meltem Uzunhisarcıklı , Yusuf Kalender , Zekiye Suludere

Abstract

In this study effects of Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki (Btk) on midgut cells of Thaumetopoea pityocampa larvae was investigated by electron microscopy. 3 mg/l Btk was given with food. 1 h, 3 h and 6 h after Btk administration no pathological changes in the midgut epitelial cells were observed. 12 h after Btk administration swelling of mitochondria in midgut epitelial cells were observed. Formation of vacuoles in cytoplasm was seen after 24 h. After 48 h decreasing of microvilli of midgut epithelial cell’s and partial dissolving of cytoplasm, dissolving of nucleoplasm and chromatin clumps were observed. 60 h after Btk administration swelling and dissolving of mitochondria in midgut epithelial cells were detected. 96 h after Btk administration a membrane-body and dissolving in the cytoplasm clumps in midgut cells of T. pityocampa larvae were occurred. Present study shows that Btk is effective to T. pityocampa larvae.

Keywords

Thaumetopoea pityocampa , Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki , midgut , ultrastructure , transmission electron microscope

References

• Halperin, J., “Life history of Thaumetopoeidae species (Lep., Thaumetopoeidae) in Israel”, J. Appl. Entomol., 110: 1–6 (1990).
• Petrakis, P.V., Roussis, V. and Ortiz, A., “Host selection by Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den. & Schif.): the relative importance of needle terpenoid and morpho-anatomical profiles”, In: Radoglou, K. (Ed.), Proceedings of the International Conference on Forest Research: a Challenge for an Integrated European Approach, vol. I. European Commission, Thessalonica (Greece),pp. 343–348 (2001).
• Mendel, Z., “The phytophagous insect fauna of Pinus halpensis and P. brutia in the Mediterannean”. In: Ne’eman, Biogeography and Management of Pinus halepensis and L. (Eds.), Ecology P. brutia Forest Ecosystems in the Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Lepidoptera, Th. processionea L.
• Saturniidae)”, Comp. Biochem.
• Rebollo, S., Moneo, I., Vega, J.M., Herrera, I. and Caballero, M.L., “Pine processionary caterpillar allergenicity increases during larval development”, Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol., 128: 310-314 (2002).
• Battisti, A., Longo, S., Tiberi, R. and Triggiani, O., “Results and perspectives in the use of Bacillus thuringiensis Berl. var. kurstaki and other pathogens against Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den. et Schiff.) in Schadlingskde. Pfalanzenschutz, Umweltschutz.,, 71: 77-80 (1998). Anz.
• Burges, H.D., “Control of insects by bacteria”, Parasitology. 84: 79-117 (1982).
• Rausell, C., Martinez-Ramirez, A.C., Garcia-Robles, I. and Real, M.D., “The toxicity and physiological effects of Bacillus thuringiensis toxins and formulations on Thaumetopoea pityocampa, the pine processionary caterpillar”, Pest. Biochem. Physiol., 65: 44-54 (1999).
• Guo, S., Ye, S., Liu, Y., Wei, L., Xue, J., Wub, H., Song, F., Zhang, J., Wuc, X., Huang, D. and Rao, Z., Crystal structure of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry8Ea1: An insecticidal toxin toxic to underground pests, the larvae of Holotrichia parallela. J. Struct. Biol., 168: 259–266 (2009).
• Martin, P.A.W., Farrar, R.R. and Blackburn, M.B., “Survival of diverse Bacillus thuringiensis strains in gypsy correlated with urease production”, Biol. Control, 51: 147–151 (2009). Lymantriidae) is
• Tailor, R., Tippett, J., Gibb, G., Pells, S., Pike, D., Jordan, L. and Ely, S., “Identification and characterization of a novel Bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin entomocidal to coleopteran and lepidopteran larvae”, Mol. Microbiol., 6: 1211–1217 (1992).
• Feitelson, J.S., “The Bacillus thuringiensis family tree”, In: Kim, L. (Ed.), Advanced Engineered Pesticides. Mareel Dekker, Inc., New York, NY, pp. 63–71 (1993).
• Li, J., Koni, P.A. and Ellar, D.J., “Structure of the mosquitocidal-endotoxin thuringiensis sp. kyushuensis and implications for membrane pore formation” J. Mol. Biol., 257: 129– 152 (1996). CytB from Bacillus
• Bravo, A., “Phylogenetic relationships of Bacillus thuringiensis deltaendotoxin family proteins and their functional domains”, J. Bacteriol., 179: 2793– 2801 (1997).
• Higuchi, K., Saitoh, H., Mizuki, E., Hwang, S.H. and Ohba, M., “A novel isolate of Bacillus thuringiensis serovar leesis that specifically exhibits larvicidal activity albipunctatus”, Syst. Appl. Microbiol., 21: 144–150 (1998). Telmatoscopus
• Ellis, R.T., Stockhoff, B.A., Stamp, L., Schnepf, H.E., Schwab, G.E., Knuth, M., Russell, J., Cardineau, G.A. and Nara, K.E., “Novel Bacillus thuringiensis binary insecticidal crystal proteins active on western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte”, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 68: 1137–1145 (2002).
• Arnaldo, P.S. and Torres, L.M., “Spatial distribution and sampling of Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den. & Schiff.) (Lep. Thaumetopoeidea) populations on Pinus pinaster Ait. in Montesinho, N. Portugal”, Forest Ecol. Manag., 210, 1–7 (2005).
• Kailidis, D.S., “Observations on the Biology and Control of the Pine Processionary Caterpillar (Thaumetopoea pityocampa Schiff.) in Attica”, Athens, Greece, 59 p(1962).
• Oliveira, P., Arnaldo, P.S., Araujo, M., Ginja, M., Sousa, A.P., Almeida, O. and Colaco, A.,. “Report of poison in five dogs after contact with Thaumetopoea pityocampa”, Revista Portuguesa de Ciencias Clınicas 89 (547): 81–84 (2003).
• Etkind, P.H., O’Dell, T.M., Canada, A.T., Shama, S.K., Finn, A.M. and Tuthil, R., “The gypsy moth caterpillar: A significant new occupational and public health problem”, J. Occup. Med., 24: 659-662 (1982).
• Everson, G.W., Chapin, J.B. and Normann, S.A., “Caterpillar envenomations: a prospective study of 112 cases”, Vet. Hum. Toxicol., 32: 114-119 (1990).
• Kalender Y., Kalender S., Uzunhısarcıklı M., Ogutcu A. and Açıkgoz F., “Effects of Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Lepidoptera: Thaumetopoeidae) larvae on the degranulation of the dermal mast cells in mice; an electron microscopic study”, Folia Biol. (Kraków)., 52: 13-17 (2004).
• Douma-Petridou, E., “European Thaumetopoea species (Lep., Thaumetopoeidae): characteristics and life-cycles” . In: Schmidt, G.H. (Ed.), Proc. Thaumetopoea Department of Zoology–Entomology, University of Hannover (FRG), pp. 12–19 (1989) 1989,
• OEPP/EPPO,. Diagnostic protocols for regulated pests Thaumetopoea pityocampa. Bull. OEPP/EPPO 34: 155–157 (2004).
• Lamy, M., Pastureaud. M.H., Novak, F., Ducombs, G., Vincendeau, P., Maleville, J. and Texier, L., “Thaumetopoein: An urticating protein from the hairs and integument of the pine processionary caterpillar Lepidoptera, Thaumetopoeidae)”, Toxicon ;24: 347–356 (1986). pityocampa Schiff,
• Vega, J.M., Moneo, I., Armentia, A., Vega, V., de la Fuente, R. and Fernandez, A., “Pine processionary caterpillar as a new cause of immunologic contact urticaria”, Contact Dermat., 43: 129–132 (2000).
• Delello E.,Hantonw.K.,Bıshoffs. T. and Mıschd.W., “Histopathological effects of Bacillus thuringiensis on the midgut of tobacco hornworm larvae (Manduca sexta): low doses compared with fasting”, J. Invertebr. Pathol. 43: 169-181 (2000).
• Sıngh G.J.P., Schouest Jr. L.P. and Gıll S.S., “The toxic action israelensis’in Aedes aegypti in vivo. I. The Relevance of midgut lesions to its poisoning syndrome”, Pestic. Biochem. Phys. 26: 36-46 (1986). thuringiensis var.
• Levy, S.M., Moscardi, F., Falleiros, A.M.F., Silva, R.J. and Gregorio, E.A., “A morphometric study of the midgut in resistant and non-resistant Anticarsia gemmatalis (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae to its nucleopolyhedrovirus (AgMNPV)”, J. Invertebr. Pathol. 101: 17–22 (2009).
• Maddrell, S.H.P. and Gardiner, B.O.C., “The permeability of the cuticular lining of the insect alimentary canal”, J. Exp. Biol. 85: 227-237 (1980).
• Dow, J.A.T., “Advances in Insect Physiology”, Volume 19, Academic Pres. Inc. (London) Ltd. 189- 200. 1986
• Kalender, Y. and Kalender, S., “Effect of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki in ileum region of digestion system of Agrotis segetum (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae”, J. Inst. Sci. Tech. Gazi Uni., 8: 18-32 (1995).
• Kalender, Y. and Kalender, S., “Effect of Bacillus thuringiensis in Malpighian tubule cells of Pieris rapae (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) larvae”, J. Inst. Sci. Tech. Gazi Uni., 10: 43-55 (1997).
• Rausell, C., De Decker, N., Garcia-Robles, I., Escriche, B., Van Kerkhove, E., Real, M.D., Martinez-Ramirez thuringiensis toxins on the midgut of the nun moth Lymantria monacha”, J. Invertebr. Pathol., 75: 288- 291 (2000). “Effect of Bacillus
• Ogutcu, A., Suludere, Z:, Uzunhısarcıklı, M. and Kalender, Y., “Effects of Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki Thaumetopoea pityocampa Thaumetopoeidae) Larvae”, Folia Biol. (Kraków), 53 (1-2): 7-11 (2005). Tubule Cells (Lepidoptera:
• Aronson, A.I., Beckman, W. and Dunn, P., “Bacillus thuringiensis Microbiol. Rev., 50: 1-24 (1986). insect pathogens”,
• Joung, K. and Cote, J., “A review of the environmental impacts of the microbial insecticide Bacillus thuringiensis”, Horticultural Research and Development Centre Technical Bulletin, 29, Canada (2000).
• Bravo, A., Jansens, S. and Peferoen, M., “Immunocytochemical localization of Bacillus thuringiensis intoxicated insects”, J. Invertebr. Pathol., 60: 237- 246 (1992). crystal proteins in
• Schnepf, E., Crickmore, N., Van Rie, J., Lereclus, D., Baum, J., Feitelson, J., Zeigler, D.R. and Dean, D.H., “Bacillus thuringiensis and its pesticidal crystal proteins”, Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev., 62: 775-806 (1998).
• Lorence, A., Darszon, A., Diaz, C., Lievano, A., Quintero, R. and Bravo, A., “δ-endotoxins induce cation channels in Spodoptera frugiperda brush border membranes in suspension and in planar lipid bilayers”, FEBS Lett., 360: 217-222 (1995).
• Pietrantonio, P.V. and Gill, S.S., “Bacillus thuringiensis δ-endotoxins: action on the insect midgut, in: M.J. Lehane, P.F. Billingsley (Eds.), Biology of the Insect Midgut, Chapman & Hall, London, pp. 345-372 (1996).
• Bravo, A., Miranda, R., Gomez, I. and Soberon, M., “Pore formation activity of Cry1Ab toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis in an improved membrane vesicle preparation from Manduca sexta midgut cell microvilli”, B.B.A.,1562: 63-69 (2002).
• Lacey, L. and Federici, B.A., “Pathogenesis and midgut histopathology of Bacillus thuringiensis in Simulium vittatum (Diptera: Simuliidae)”, J. Invertebr. Pathol., 33: 171-182 (1979).
• Endo, Y. and Nishiitsutsuji-Uwo, J., “Mode of action of Bacillus Histopathological changes in the silkworm midgut”, J. Invertebr. Pathol., 36: 90-103 (1980). endotoxin:
• Endo, Y. and Nishiitsutsuji-Uwo, J., “Mode of action of Bacillus thuringiensis δ endotoxin: Ultrastructural changes of midgut epithelium of Pieris, Lymantria and Ephestia larvae”, Appl. Entomol. Zool., 16: 231- 241 (1981).