S-Band Active Phased-Array RF Beam Forming Networks

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 32 Sayı: 4, 1185 - 1194, 01.12.2019

Ahmet Hasturk Nursel Akcam Funda Ergun Yardım

https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.457458

Öz

One of the most important Active Phased-Array networks
is beamforming networks, which has electronically scanning feature. The
performance of these networks directly effects the system’s performance. By
this reason, the design of these structures requires a serious labor and
experience in order to design them in a simulation environment. In this paper,
the design, implementation and measurement tests of a Radio Frequency (RF)
beamforming network, which is necessary for active phased-array structures, are
discussed. The performance of the designed beamforming card is examined with
the measurements and tests of gain, phase shifter, True Time Delay (TTD), digitally
controlled attenuator, and input-output return loss. The measurement results
are compared with simulation for the designed beamforming card. Both
measurement results and simulation were shown that the desired performance was
provided for the designed beamforming card; however, it is more convenient to
feed each antenna element with a single-channeled beamforming card. In this beamforming
card, each channel’s phase and amplitude can be controlled separately.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Active phase-array, RF Beamforming, Electronically Scanned, True-time delay

Kaynakça

• Yasser Al-Rashid, “Active phased array radar system”, Lockheed Martin, 2008.
• D. Parker, D. C. Zimmermann, “Phased arrays—Part I: theory and architectures”, IEEE Transactıons on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol.50, no.3, pp.678-687, 2002.
• M. Yoon, S. Nam, “Avoidance of off-switch Resonance in True Time Delay Line using Cascaded Switches”, in URSI Asia-Pacific Radio Science Conference, 21-25 August. 2016.
• Hubegt Visser, “Array and Phased Array Antenna Basics”, Wiley 2005.
• R C. Hansen “Phase array antenns” Second Edition, Wiley, 2009.
• R. J. Mailloux “Phase array antenna handbook” Second Edition, Artech House, 2005.
• S. Montebugnoli, G. Bianchi, A. Cattani, F. Ghelfi, A. Maccaferri, F. Perini, “Some notes on beamforming”, The Medicina IRA-SKA Engineering Group.
• J. J. Lee, “RF photonics for beamforming and array applications”, in Optics Microwave Interactions. NATO Research and Technology Organization, paper 4, publication RTO-EN-028, pp.4.1-4.9, Sep. 2002.
• M. Longbrake, J. Buck, P. Buxa, T. Dalrymple, J. McCann, R. Neidhard, P. Watson, K. Zeller, B. Garber, and D. Kuhl, “TELA testbed time delay beam steering demonstration,” Antenna Measurement Techniques Association Symposium, 1-6 Nov. 2009.
• C. Pulikkaseril, L.Li, X. Yi, S. Poole, "The use of uncooled DFB lasers in microwave photonic phase shifters", in Opto-Electronics and Communications Conference (OECC), 28 June-2 July. 2015.
• M. Y. Frankel, R. D. Esman, and M. G. Parent, “Array transmitter/receiver controlled by a true time-delay fiber-optic beamformer”, IEEE Photon. Technol. Letter, vol. 7, no. 10, pp. 1216–8, Oct. 1995.
• Yaping Liang, C. W. Domier, and N. C. Luhmann, “MEMS based true time delay technology for phased antenna array systems”, Asia-Pacific Microwave M. Longbrake, “True-Time Delay Beamsteering for Radar”, Wright State University. Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON), IEEE National 25-27 July 2012.
• M. Kim, J. B. Hacker, R. E. Mihailovich, and J. F. DeNatale, “A DC to-40 GHz four-bit RF MEMS true-time delay network”, IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, vol.11, no.2, pp.56–8, Feb. 2001.
• Temir K., “True-Time Delay Structures for Microwave Beamforming Networks in S-Band Phased Arrays”, METU, 2013.
• T. Hayens “Primer on digital beamforming” Spectrum Signal Processing, pp.1-15, March 26, 1998.
• Trevor S. Bird, “Definition and misuse of return loss”, IEEE Antennas & Propagation Magazine, April 2009 (CSIRO ICT Centre PO Box 76, Epping NSW 1710Australia).
• M. I. Skolnik, “Introduction to radar systems”, 3rd edition New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2001.