Investigation of the Series Hybrid Electric Powertrain Architecture with Wankel Engine as a Range Extender

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 35 Sayı: 3, 1078 - 1089, 01.09.2022

Anılcan Özkan Hikmet Arslan Osman Taha Şen

https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.929447

Öz

In this study, a conventional vehicle is converted into a series hybrid electric vehicle. Electric motor power, battery pack capacity, range extender operating condition is determined; a computational model of the vehicle is built and simulations are conducted using Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Procedure (WLTP). Power rating of the electric motor is calculated as 120 kW for the same acceleration performance. Wankel engine data available in the Automotive Laboratory of Istanbul Technical University are used. Energy capacity of battery pack is determined according to the daily driving distance of the WLTP. Engine on-off control strategy is used to control range extender operation. Wankel engine is operated at a speed of 4000 rpm and load of 5.15 bar, hence it is tuned to deliver an output power of 22.3 kW. Simulation results show that the performance of Wankel engine is validated as range extender by using engine on-off control strategy. State of charge of battery pack is set as minimum (30%) at the beginning of simulation and the state of charge of the battery pack charged by the range extender is assumed to be approximately 50% at the end of the cycle. For comparison, performance of Wankel engine is compared to the range extender of a mass-produced series hybrid electric vehicle, which has a battery pack capacity of 18.8 kWh. In conclusion, it is shown that a more compact range extender unit with a battery pack of 35 kWh is advantageous from the perspective of the packaging of the battery pack.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Series hybrid vehicle, AVL Cruise, Modelling, Electric motor, Range extender

Kaynakça

• Trattner, A., Pertl, P., Schmidt, S., and Sato, T., “Novel Range Extender Concepts for 2025 with Regard to Small Engine Technologies”, SAE International Journal of Alternative Powertrains, 1(2): 566-583, (2012).
• Fraidl, G., Beste, F., Kapus, P., Korman, M., “Challenges and Solutions for Range Extenders - From Concept Considerations to Practical Experiences”, Highlighting the Latest Powertrain, Vehicle and Infomobility Technologies, Turin, 1-2, (2011).
• Borthakur, S., Subramanian, S.C., “Design and optimization of a modified series hybrid electric vehicle powertrain”, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, 233(6): 1419-1435, (2019).
• Chen, B. C., Wu, Y. Y., Tsai, H. C., “Design and analysis of power management strategy for range extended electric vehicle using dynamic programming”, Applied Energy, 113: 1764-1774, (2014).
• Fang, Y., Zhao, H., Peng, Q., Liu, S., “Research on generator set control of range extender pure electric vehicles”, Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference, Chengdu, 1-4, (2010).
• Mackintosh, T., Tataria H., Inguva S.,” Energy storage system for GM volt-lifetime benefits”, IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference, Dearborn, 321-323, (2009).
• Hubmann, C., Friedl, H., Gruber, S., & Foxhall, N., “Single Cylinder 25kW Range Extender: Development for Lowest Vibrations and Compact Design Based on Existing Production Parts”, SAE Technical Papers, (2015).
• Hubmann, C., Beste, F., Friedl, H., & Schoffmann, W., “Single cylinder 25kW range extender as alternative to a rotary engine maintaining high compactness and NVH performance”, SAE Technical Papers, (2013).
• Mattarelli, E., Rinaldini, C. A., Cantore, G., & Agostinelli, E., “Comparison between 2 and 4-stroke engines for a 30 kW range extender”, SAE International Journal of Alternative Powertrains, 4(1), 67–87, (2015).
• Li, J., Jin, X., Xiong, R., “Multi-objective optimization study of energy management strategy and economic analysis for a range-extended electric bus”, Applied Energy, 194: 798-807, (2017).
• Liu, Z., Mamun, A. and Onori, S., “Simultaneous Design and Control Optimization of a Series Hybrid Military Truck”, WCX World Congress Experience, Detroit, 1-3, (2018).
• Zhao, J., Ma, Y., Zhang, Z., Wang, S., Wang, S., ”Optimization and matching for range-extenders of electric vehicles with artificial neural network and genetic algorithm”, Energy Conversion and Management, 184: 709-725, (2019).
• Shabbir, W., Evangelou, S. A., “Threshold-changing control strategy for series hybrid electric vehicles”, Applied Energy, 235: 761-775, (2019).
• Ehsani, M., Gao, Y., Emadi A., Modern Electric, Hybrid Electric and Fuel Cell Vehicles Fundamentals, Theory and Design 2nd ed., CRC Press, 258, (2004).
• http://www.uzayoto.com.tr/assets/Download/passat-variant.pdf. Access Date: 08.07.2019.
• Ehsani, M., Gao, Y., Emadi A., Modern Electric, Hybrid Electric and Fuel Cell Vehicles Fundamentals, Theory and Design 2nd ed., CRC Press, 114, (2004).
• Ehsani, M., Gao, Y., Emadi A., Modern Electric, Hybrid Electric and Fuel Cell Vehicles Fundamentals, Theory and Design 2nd ed., CRC Press, 110, (2004).
• Sharma, S., Kumar, V., “Optimized Motor Selection for Various Hybrid and Electric Vehicles”, 8th SAEINDIA International Mobility Conference & Exposition and Commercial Vehicle Engineering Congress, Chennai, 1-5, (2013).
• Ehsani, M., Gao, Y., Emadi A., Modern Electric, Hybrid Electric and Fuel Cell Vehicles Fundamentals, Theory and Design 2nd ed., CRC Press, 46, (2004).
• Ehsani, M., Gao, Y., Emadi A., Modern Electric, Hybrid Electric and Fuel Cell Vehicles Fundamentals, Theory and Design 2nd ed., CRC Press, 23, (2004).
• Turner, M., Turner, J., and Vorraro, G., “Mass Benefit Analysis of 4-Stroke and Wankel Range Extenders in an Electric Vehicle over a Defined Drive Cycle with Respect to Vehicle Range and Fuel Consumption”, WCX SAE World Congress Experience, Detroit, 1-5, (2019).
• Capaldi, P., “A Compact 10 kW Electric Power Range Extender Suitable for Plug-In and Series Hybrid Vehicles”, 10th International Conference on Engines & Vehicles, Naples, 1-5, (2011).
• Jeong, J., Lee, W., Kim, N., Stutenberg, K., “Control Analysis and Model Validation for BMW i3 Range Extender”, WCX™ 17: SAE World Congress Experience, Detroit, 1-6, (2017).