The Effects of Window Alternatives on Energy Efficiency And Building Economy In High – Rise Residential Buildings In Cold Climates

Yıl 2011, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 4, 927 - 944, 16.12.2011

Sibel Macka Yalcin Yasar

Öz

Currently,  special care is given to determining  the performance of windows and meeting the requirements of buildings. In terms of energy efficiency and building economy, window design and the selection of appropriate glazing systems are significant. This paper deals with double-glazing window units that are composed of, respectively,  tinted glass, clear reflective glass, low emissivity (low-e) glass, and smart glass-one surface consisting of a high-performance heat-reflective glass and the other surface with a low-emissivity coating, which reduces the heating and cooling loads of buildings by providing both solar control and heat conservation. This study is aimed at investigating the effects of these different alternative units,  instead of readily, available double-glazing units, in two flats that have the same construction and operation system, but with a different plan type, on building energy consumption and building economy in terms of a life cycle cost analysis. For study, Ankara  is selected, as it has a cold climate, in Climate Region III of Turkey.  F- and C- type high-rise residential blocks with flats with two and three bedrooms, respectively, constructed by the Republic of Turkey Prime Ministry Housing Development Administration of Turkey -TOKİ in Ankara, are used as models for the simulation. The flat plans in these blocks are modelled by means of DesignBuilder 1.8 v energy simulation software.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Energy efficiency, Heating load, Cooling load, Life cycle cost, Double glazing window, Computer simulation

Kaynakça

• [1] Wiggington, M., Harris, J., "Intelligent Skins", Architectural Press, Oxford, 7-17 (2002).
• [2] Internet: Turkish Republic Ministry of ForeignTrade Counselorship http: // www. dtm. gov.tr/dtadmin/upload/EAD/KonjokturIzlemeDb/teu t.doc (2009).
• [3] Dilmaç, Ş., Tırıs, M., "The Energy Saving in Housing Sector in Turkey", Tesisat, 22: 10-13 (1995).
• [4] MVV Consultants and Engineers, "In the Frame of the Project: Improvement Energy Efficiency in Turkey", Report of MVV, Berlin, 1-20 (2004).
• [5] Turkish Standardization Institute (TSE), "Heat Insulation Rules in Building. TS 825", Ankara, 1-80 (2008).
• [6] Sekhar, S.C., Toon, K.L.C., "On the study of energy performance and life cycle cost of smart Windows", Energy and Buildings, 28: 397-316 (1998).
• [7] Bojic, M, Yik, F., Sat, P., "Energy peformance of Windows in high-rise residential buildings in Hong Kong", Energy and Buildings, 34:71-82 (2002).
• [8] Karlsson, J., Karlsson, B., Roos, A., "A simple model for assessing the energy performance of Windows", Energy and Buildings, 33:641- 651(2001).
• [9] Çetiner, I., Özkan, E., "An approach for the evaluation of energy and cost efficiency of glass façades", Energy and Buildings, 37:673-684 (2005).
• [10] Gugliermetti, F., Bisegna, F., "Saving energy in residential buildings: the use of fully reversible Windows", Energy, 32:1235-1247 (2007).
• [11] Maçka, S., "Determination of energy efficient window types according to Turkish Climate Regions", Master of Thesis, Natural & Apllied Science, Karedeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey (2008).
• [12] Yaşar, Y., Pehlevan, A., Maçka, S., "Comparing the energy performance of double glazed Windows with different low-e coatings according to Turkish Climate Regions", 4th International Building Physics Conference, 15-18 June, İstanbul, Turkey (2009).
• [13] Urbikain, M.K., J.M., Sala, "Analysis of different models to estimate energy saving related to Windows in residential buildings", Energy and Buildings, 41:687-695(2009).
• [14] Muneer, N., Abodahab, N., Weir, G., Kubie, J., "Windows in Buildings, Thermal, Acoustic, Visual and Solar Performance", Architectural Press, Oxford, 6-10 (2000).
• [15] Apsen Research Corporation, "Integrated Energy Efficient Window – Wall Systems, Phase 1: Concept Development", Report of Apsen, USA, 1-19 (2001).
• [16] Amstock, S.J., "Handbook of Glass in Conctruction", McGraw – Hill Press, New York, 11-30 (1997).
• [17] Internet: DesignBuilder, Building Design,Simulation and Visualisation http : // www. designbuilder. co. uk (2009).
• [18] Turkish State Meteorological Service 1996-2006 Meteorological Data, CD, Ankara, Keçiören (2007).
• [19] Internet: Building Technologies Program, EnergyPlus: Weather Data. http: // apps1. eere. energy. gov / buildings/ energyplus/ cfm/ Weather_ data.cfm.(2009).
• [20] Republic of Turkey Prime Ministry Housing Development Administration of Turkey– TOKI, Planning Office, Applications Projects, F and C Type TOKI Housing Project Drawings, CD, Ankara, Kızılay (2009).
• [21] Boussabaine, A., Kirkham, R., "Whole Life-Cycle Costing: Risk and Risk Responses", WileyBlackwell, Oxford, 3-10 (2003).
• [22] Manioğlu, G., "An approach fot the determination of building envelope and operation period of heating system according to energy conservation and life cycle cost", PhD Thesis. İstanbul Technical University Natural and Applied Sciences Institute, İstanbul, 14-25 (2002).
• [23] Giritli, H., "Project and Construction Management Methods of Economic Evaluation in Construction", Lecture Document , İstanbul Technical University, 1-35 (2003).
• [24] Republic of Turkey Prime Ministry of Public Works and Settlement, "List of building material unit price", Document, Ankara, Kızılay (2009).
• [25] Ardıc Glass Company Technical Document about Cost Price of Glass Products, Ankara, (2009).