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SELECTIVE RADIATION MEASUREMENT FOR SAFETY EVALUATION ON BASE STATIONS

Year 2013, Volume: 26 Issue: 1, 73 - 83, 31.03.2013

Mustafa Şahin , Nilüfer As Yasin Karan

Abstract

In this paper, general information about, unionized radiation, standards and measurement routines for wireless communication systems, electromagnetic fields and antenna structures are given. The safety of mobile phones has been evaluated in terms of specific absorption ratio (SAR). This SAR values have been defined discussing among international standard organizations. Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) measurements are made with a compact spectrum analyzer device, measures 400 MHz- 6 GHz bandwidth, and a triaxial antenna. Electromagnetic fields and power flux density values are measured, and compared with ICNIRP standard curve for safety values. These values are observed and separated for two base stations at the same point. Measured electric field and power density values are plotted by distance from base station tower, and compared with theoretical results. Safety distance is defined and calculated

Keywords:Electromagnetic compatibility; selective radiation

Keywords

Electromagnetic compatibility; selective radiation measurement; spectrum analyzer measurement technique; safety evaluation; specific absorption ratio; global communication systems; base stations

References

  • ICNIRP (International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection), “Guidelines for limiting exposure to time varying electric, magnetic, and electromagnetic fields (up to 300 GHz)”, Health Physics, 74(4): 494–522 (1998). .
  • Resmi Gazete, Elektronik Haberleşme Cihazlarına Güvenlik Sertifikası Düzenlenmesine İlişkin Yönetmelik, Sayısı: 27230, 16.05.(2009).
  • Sevgi, L., “Electromagnetic Compatibility and Electromagnetic Pollution”, TMMOB Electrical Engineering Publishing Series, 320, (2000). İstanbul Department
  • Zipse, D.W., “Electric and Magnetic Fields: Equipment and Methodology Used For Obtaining Measurements”, (1992). Conference, 285-292, mobile radio terminals”, News from
  • Wang, O., Fujiwar, T. U., “New Approach to Safety Evaluation of Human Exposure to Stochastically- Varying Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 47(4): 971-977, (2005). Fields”, IEEE
  • Mahadi, W., Norfizah, M.A., Wen, Q.P., “Evaluation of RF EMF Exposure Pattern on Selected Communication Tower in Malaysia”, ICSE2010 Proc., Melaka, Malaysia, 344-347, (2010).
  • Ozgur, E., Güler, G., “Measurement of Output Radio Frequency Field Generated by Mobile Phones with Applied Sound in Different Strengths & Frequencies”, GU J Sci, 281-286, (2010).
  • Salama, N., Kishimoto, T., Kanayama, H., “Effects of exposure to a mobile phone on testicular function and structure in adult rabbit”, International Journal of Andrology, 88-94, (2010).
  • Fukunaga, K., Watanabe, S., Yamanaka, Y., “Dielectric properties of tissue-equivalent liquids for safety evaluation tests of mobile phones”, Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena, 44-48, (2003).
  • Simunic, D., Djurek, M., “Transdisciplinarity of Smart Health Care: Transmedical E-volution”, Wireless Personal Communications, 51: 687-695, (2009).
  • Genç, Ö., Bayrak, M., Yaldiz, E., “Analysis of the Electromagnetic Pollution for a Pilot Region in Turkey”, Applications, 2: 139-144 (2010). Analysis &
  • Killen, H.B., “Modern Electronics Communication Techniques”, MEB Translation, 497-538 (1997).
  • Voudouris, K., Grammatıkakıs, P., “Electromagnetic Radiation Measurements at Aperture Antennae Installation Sites”, 5th WSEAS Int. Conf., Malta, 419-424, (2005).
  • http://www.arpansa.gov.au/ Electromagnetic Energy and its Effects, November, (2011).
  • Serway, R. A., Beichner, R.J., “Phisics For Sience and Engineering”, Palme Publishing, Ankara, 1075- 1084, (2007).
  • Bayrakçı, E., “Electromagnetic Fields Theory”, Birsen Publishing, İstanbul, 59-105, (2000). [18] Simunic, D., “Measurement Assessment for Standard Compliance University of Zagreb”, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, unpublished document, 1-12. and Exposure
  • www.narda.com. /SRM 3006, Operating Manual, 35-49, (2010).
  • Şahin, M.E., Karan, Y., As, N., “Spectrum Analyzer Measurement Technique for Safety Evaluation on Wireless 2011Conference, İstanbul, Turkey, 1-4,( 2011). Systems”, URSI
  • Sandıkçı, G., “Radiation Measurement to Base Stations”, Graduate Thesis, Rize University, Department of Physics, 39-45, (2011).

Year 2013, Volume: 26 Issue: 1, 73 - 83, 31.03.2013

Mustafa Şahin , Nilüfer As Yasin Karan

Abstract

References

  • ICNIRP (International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection), “Guidelines for limiting exposure to time varying electric, magnetic, and electromagnetic fields (up to 300 GHz)”, Health Physics, 74(4): 494–522 (1998). .
  • Resmi Gazete, Elektronik Haberleşme Cihazlarına Güvenlik Sertifikası Düzenlenmesine İlişkin Yönetmelik, Sayısı: 27230, 16.05.(2009).
  • Sevgi, L., “Electromagnetic Compatibility and Electromagnetic Pollution”, TMMOB Electrical Engineering Publishing Series, 320, (2000). İstanbul Department
  • Zipse, D.W., “Electric and Magnetic Fields: Equipment and Methodology Used For Obtaining Measurements”, (1992). Conference, 285-292, mobile radio terminals”, News from
  • Wang, O., Fujiwar, T. U., “New Approach to Safety Evaluation of Human Exposure to Stochastically- Varying Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 47(4): 971-977, (2005). Fields”, IEEE
  • Mahadi, W., Norfizah, M.A., Wen, Q.P., “Evaluation of RF EMF Exposure Pattern on Selected Communication Tower in Malaysia”, ICSE2010 Proc., Melaka, Malaysia, 344-347, (2010).
  • Ozgur, E., Güler, G., “Measurement of Output Radio Frequency Field Generated by Mobile Phones with Applied Sound in Different Strengths & Frequencies”, GU J Sci, 281-286, (2010).
  • Salama, N., Kishimoto, T., Kanayama, H., “Effects of exposure to a mobile phone on testicular function and structure in adult rabbit”, International Journal of Andrology, 88-94, (2010).
  • Fukunaga, K., Watanabe, S., Yamanaka, Y., “Dielectric properties of tissue-equivalent liquids for safety evaluation tests of mobile phones”, Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena, 44-48, (2003).
  • Simunic, D., Djurek, M., “Transdisciplinarity of Smart Health Care: Transmedical E-volution”, Wireless Personal Communications, 51: 687-695, (2009).
  • Genç, Ö., Bayrak, M., Yaldiz, E., “Analysis of the Electromagnetic Pollution for a Pilot Region in Turkey”, Applications, 2: 139-144 (2010). Analysis &
  • Killen, H.B., “Modern Electronics Communication Techniques”, MEB Translation, 497-538 (1997).
  • Voudouris, K., Grammatıkakıs, P., “Electromagnetic Radiation Measurements at Aperture Antennae Installation Sites”, 5th WSEAS Int. Conf., Malta, 419-424, (2005).
  • http://www.arpansa.gov.au/ Electromagnetic Energy and its Effects, November, (2011).
  • Serway, R. A., Beichner, R.J., “Phisics For Sience and Engineering”, Palme Publishing, Ankara, 1075- 1084, (2007).
  • Bayrakçı, E., “Electromagnetic Fields Theory”, Birsen Publishing, İstanbul, 59-105, (2000). [18] Simunic, D., “Measurement Assessment for Standard Compliance University of Zagreb”, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, unpublished document, 1-12. and Exposure
  • www.narda.com. /SRM 3006, Operating Manual, 35-49, (2010).
  • Şahin, M.E., Karan, Y., As, N., “Spectrum Analyzer Measurement Technique for Safety Evaluation on Wireless 2011Conference, İstanbul, Turkey, 1-4,( 2011). Systems”, URSI
  • Sandıkçı, G., “Radiation Measurement to Base Stations”, Graduate Thesis, Rize University, Department of Physics, 39-45, (2011).
There are 19 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Electrical & Electronics Engineering
Authors

Mustafa Şahin

Nilüfer As This is me

Yasin Karan This is me

Publication Date March 31, 2013
Published in Issue Year 2013 Volume: 26 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Şahin, M., As, N., & Karan, Y. (2013). SELECTIVE RADIATION MEASUREMENT FOR SAFETY EVALUATION ON BASE STATIONS. Gazi University Journal of Science, 26(1), 73-83.
AMA Şahin M, As N, Karan Y. SELECTIVE RADIATION MEASUREMENT FOR SAFETY EVALUATION ON BASE STATIONS. Gazi University Journal of Science. March 2013;26(1):73-83.
Chicago Şahin, Mustafa, Nilüfer As, and Yasin Karan. “SELECTIVE RADIATION MEASUREMENT FOR SAFETY EVALUATION ON BASE STATIONS”. Gazi University Journal of Science 26, no. 1 (March 2013): 73-83.
EndNote Şahin M, As N, Karan Y (March 1, 2013) SELECTIVE RADIATION MEASUREMENT FOR SAFETY EVALUATION ON BASE STATIONS. Gazi University Journal of Science 26 1 73–83.
IEEE M. Şahin, N. As, and Y. Karan, “SELECTIVE RADIATION MEASUREMENT FOR SAFETY EVALUATION ON BASE STATIONS”, Gazi University Journal of Science, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 73–83, 2013.
ISNAD Şahin, Mustafa et al. “SELECTIVE RADIATION MEASUREMENT FOR SAFETY EVALUATION ON BASE STATIONS”. Gazi University Journal of Science 26/1 (March 2013), 73-83.
JAMA Şahin M, As N, Karan Y. SELECTIVE RADIATION MEASUREMENT FOR SAFETY EVALUATION ON BASE STATIONS. Gazi University Journal of Science. 2013;26:73–83.
MLA Şahin, Mustafa et al. “SELECTIVE RADIATION MEASUREMENT FOR SAFETY EVALUATION ON BASE STATIONS”. Gazi University Journal of Science, vol. 26, no. 1, 2013, pp. 73-83.
Vancouver Şahin M, As N, Karan Y. SELECTIVE RADIATION MEASUREMENT FOR SAFETY EVALUATION ON BASE STATIONS. Gazi University Journal of Science. 2013;26(1):73-8.