Geometric Patterns Used in the Architecture of Kaboud Mosque in Tabriz, Iran

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 36 Sayı: 3, 984 - 999, 01.09.2023

Mahya Ghouchani Faeze Gholizade Hooman Sobouti

https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.1055129

Öz

Doubts about the architectural style of the Kaboud Mosque in Tabriz are related to the geometry of the plan and its special volumetric composition, which has made this building different from other examples of mosque architecture in Iran. For this reason, some scholars, following the formal origins of this mosque, have traced its roots in the art of the Ottoman region and, as a result, have introduced the architecture of the Kaboud Mosque as an imitation of Ottoman architecture. In the present study, using a descriptive-analytical method, the form of the construction of the Kaboud Mosque of Tabriz and its comparison with the Ottoman mosques have been studied and recognized. Then, the geometry used in the Kaboud Mosque of Tabriz has been analyzed by measuring its degree of compatibility with the resulting rectangles of regular pentagons and hexagons. The results show that the construction of the Kaboud Mosque is similar in form to some Ottoman architectural works. However, structurally, it has been created entirely based on the Iranian engineering style. The architectural style of this building, although it opened a new chapter in the design of the mosque in Iranian architecture, could not arouse the desire of later architects to repeat its form. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Geometric structures, Golden proportions, Mosque architecture, Kaboud Mosque, Iranian-Islamic architecture

Kaynakça

• [1] Robinson, G.B., “The Foundations of Geometry”, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, (2019).
• [2] Silvaye, S., Daneshjoo, Kh., and Farmihan Farahani, S., “Geometry in pre-Islamic Iranian architecture and its manifestation in contemporary Iranian architecture”, Naghsh Jahan Journal, 3(1): 55-65, (2012).
• [3] Williams, K., and Ostwald. M.J., “Manifestations of Geometry in Architecture”, Nexus Network Journal, 19(1), 1-13, (2017).
• [4] Mohammadzadeh, N., “Geometry and Proportions in Architecture”, First edition, Tehran: Iran Publishing, (2016).
• [5] Memarian, Gh.H., “Introduction to Islamic Architecture of Iran”, First edition, Tehran: Memarian Publishing, (2017).
• [6] Taheri, J., and Nadimi. H., “The Hidden Dimension in Islamic Architecture of Iran”, Sefeh Magazine, 24(2), 5- 25, (2014).
• [7] Pirnia, M.K., “Stylistics of Iranian Architecture”, First edition, Tehran: Memarian Publishing, (2019).
• [8] Kabir Saber, M., Mazaherian, H., and Follow, M., “Architectural Morphology of Kaboud Mosque, Tabriz”, Iranian Architectural Studies, 6: 5-23, (2014).
• [9] Rabiee, H., “Essays on the nature of Islamic art”, First edition, Tehran: Text Art Publications, (2012).
• [10] Rezazadeh Ardebili, M., “Restoration of Architectural Works”, First edition, Tehran: University of Tehran Press, (2016).
• [11] Pope, A., “Iranian Architecture”, Translated by Gholam Hossein Sadri Afshar, First edition, Tehran: Dot Publications, (2011).
• [12] Madadpour, M., “Manifestations of Spiritual Wisdom in Islamic Art”, First edition, Tehran: Amirkabir Publications, (2011).
• [13] Bloom, J., and Blair, Sh., “Islamic Art and Architecture”, Translated by Ardeshir Ishraqi, First edition, Tehran: Soroush Publications, (2013).
• [14] Hillenbrand, R., “Islamic Architecture: Form, Function and Meaning”, Translated by Baqer Ayatollahzadeh Shirazi, First edition, Tehran: Roozbeh Publications, (2012).
• [15] Rice, D., “Islamic Art, translated by Malek Bahar”, First edition, Tehran: Scientific and Cultural Publications, (2011).
• [16] Sultanzadeh, H., and Yousefi, M., “How to use the geometry and separation of spaces in prehistoric architecture of Iran”, Journal of Architectural Thought, 1(1): 54-70, (2015).
• [17] Ziaei Nia, M.H., and Hashemi Zarjabadi, H., “Golden Proportions and the Iranian-Islamic Proportion System in the Ghaen Grand Mosque”, Iranian Journal of Restoration and Architecture, 6(15): 89-99, (2016).
• [18] Mehdizadeh Siraj, F., Tehrani, F., and Walibeig, N., “Application of Normal Triangles in Mathematical Calculations and Implementation of Geometry in the Construction and Execution of Traditional Iranian Architecture”, Restoration of Historical and Cultural Historical Works and Textures, 1: 15-26, (2011).
• [19] Bolkhari Ghahi, H., “Philosophy, Geometry and Architecture”, First edition, Tehran: University of Tehran Press, (2016).
• [20] Najib Oglu, G., “Geometry and Decoration in Islamic Architecture”, First edition, Tehran: Rozaneh Publications, (2018).
• [21] Brug, E., “Geometric Patterns in Islamic Architecture”, translated by Mojgan Hatefi, First edition, Tehran: Yazda Publications, (2016).
• [22] Abbasi, N., Valibeig, N., and Arya, N., “A Comparative Study of the Entrance Circulation of Abbasi Jame’ Mosque and Seyyed Jame’ Mosque in Isfahan from the Perspective of the Persian Geometric Proportion in an Architectural Plan”, Culture of Islamic Architecture and Urbanism Journal, 6(1): 39-51, (2021).
• [23] Kazemi, L., Akbari Namdar, S., Mosavi, M., and Sattari Sarbangholi, H., “EThe Comparative comparison of Isfahan’s Imam Mosque and Istanbul's Suleymaniye Mosque geometry on the basis of archetype concepts”, Journal of Architecture in Hot and Dry Climates, 6(8): 119-138, (2019).
• [24] Rahravi Poodeh, S., and Valibeig, N., “Analysis of Design drawing Process with Historiographic Documents special geometry knowledge”, Journal of Architectural Thought, 4(8): 12-28, (2020).
• [25] Rian, I., Sassone, M., and Asayama, S., “From fractal geometry to architecture: Designing a grid-shell-like structure using the Takagi–Landsberg surface”, Computer-Aided Design, 98: 40-53, (2018).
• [26] Rezazadeh Ardebili, M., and Sabetfard, M., “Recognizing the application of geometric principles in traditional architecture Case study: Sun Palace and its hidden geometry”, Journal of Fine Arts, 18(1): 29-44, (2015).
• [27] Ziaee Nia, M., and Ghorbani, H., “Re-reading the Geometric Basics and Golden Ratio of Showkateyeh School”, pazhoheshha-ye Bastan shenasi Iran, 5(9), 207-222, (2016).
• [28] Hooshmand, F., Valibeig, N., Behzadfar, M., and Faizi, M., “Analysis of the Effect of Geometric Properties on the Structure of the Shell of Historical Squares of Tehran”, Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Urban Design, 9(1), 27-38, (2021).
• [29] Shemesh, A., Talmon, R., Karp, O., Amir, I., Bar, M., and Grobman, Y.J., “Affective response to architecture – investigating human reaction to spaces with different geometry”, Architectural Science Review, 6(2): 116- 125, (2017).
• [30] Golabchi, M., and Javani Dizaji, A., “Architectural Technology of Iran”, First edition, Tehran: University of Tehran Press, (2016).