Integration of Daylight Use and Analysis in Double Skin Facades: A Literature Review

Year 2024, Volume: 37 Issue: 2, 520 - 544, 01.06.2024

Mustafa Serhan Ünlütürk , Tuğçe Kazanasmaz

https://doi.org/10.35378/gujs.1243933

Abstract

Double skin facades (DSF) aim to save energy reducing the heat losses in buildings. They are visually appeal while allowing to use daylight efficiently. Such facade systems can reduce glare and distribute daylight evenly in the interior when compared to conventional facade systems. That is a result of cavities between two glass facades and locating sun shading elements in them, although this system provides a high level of transparency. As their primary purpose of application is to ensure thermal performance and ventilation, most studies in literature have focused on these. This study started with the hypothesis that studies examining daylight performance in DSFs are more limited than studies examining thermal performance and that daylight optimization methods are not used sufficiently in DSFs. In this context, the study aims to analyze studies focusing on daylight performance of DSFs. The review targets results of such current studies to guide future ones providing feedback knowledge. This may help to better technical developments in such facades and make them prevail in constructions or in retrofitting So, it contributes to literature in this sense. Recent studies are shown in tabulated form and interpreted in detail with graphics. considering their methodologies, daylight parameters and findings. Results show that the daylight parameter is one of the most important issues that architects or designers should consider from the moment they start the design, and they should make their designs based on the optimum penetration of daylight into the building. Consequently, this review presents that the use of daylight optimization has started to be used in recent studies dealing with DSFs. A DSF design can optimally get daylight into the interior can be made by using this method more frequently.

Keywords

Double Skin Facades, Daylight, Energy efficiency, Building envelope, Sustainability

References

• [1] Ghaffarianhoseini, A., Ghaffarianhoseini, A., Berardi, U., Tookey, J., Li, D. H. W., Kariminia, S., “Exploring the advantages and challenges of double-skin façades (DSFs)”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 60(C): 1052-1065, (2016).
• [2] Peng, J., Lu, L., Yang, H., “An experimental study of the thermal performance of a novel photovoltaic double-skin façade in Hong Kong”, Solar Energy, 97: 293-304, (2013).
• [3] Pasut, W., Carli, M. D., “Evaluation of various CFD modelling strategies in predicting airflow and temperature in a naturally ventilated double skin façade”, Applied Thermal Engineering, 37: 267-274, (2012).
• [4] Belgian Building Research Institute (BBRI) (2002). Source book for a better understanding of conceptual and operational aspects of active facades. Department of Building Physics, Indoor Climate and Building Services, Belgian Building Research Institute. Version no 1. Web address: http://www.bbri.be/activefacades/index2.html
• [5] Safer, N., Woloszyn, M., Roux, J., “Three-dimensional simulation with a CFD tool of the airflow phenomena in single floor double-skin façade equipped with a venetian blind”, Solar Energy, 79: 193-203, (2005).
• [6] Shameri, M. Alghoul, M., Sopian, K., Zain, M. F. M., Elayeb, O., “Perspectives of double skin façade systems in buildings and energy saving”, Renewable Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15: 1468-1475, (2011).
• [7] Poirazis, H., “Double Skin Façades for Office Buildings”, Department of Construction and Architecture, Division of Energy and Building Design, Lund University, Lund Institute of Technology, Lund, (2004).
• [8] Shameri, M. A., Alghoul, M. A., Elayebb, O.K., Zaina, M. F. M., Alrubaiha, M. S., Amir, H., Sopian, K., “Daylighting characterstics of existing double-skin facade office buildings”, Energy and Buildings, 15: 1468-1475, (2013).
• [9] Srisamranrungruang, E T., Hiyama, K., “Balancing of natural ventilation, daylight, thermal effect for a building with double-skin perforated facade (DSPF)”, Energy and Buildings, 210, (2020).
• [10] Ghonimi, I. “Assessing Daylight Performance of Single vs. Double Skin Façade in Educational Buildings: A Comparative Analysis of Two Case Studies”, Journal of Development, 10: 133-142, (2017).
• [11] Pollard, B., “Double Skin Façades – More is Less?”, Royal Australian Institute of Architects, 29: 1-10, (2009).
• [12] Uuttu S., “Study of Current Structures in Double-Skin Facades”, MSc thesis, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Helsinki University of Technology (HUT), Finland, (2001).
• [13] Vatin, N., Murgul, V., Penić, M., “Double skin facades in energy efficient design”, Applied Mechanics and Materials, 680: 534-538, (2014).
• [14] Saleh, Z. M., Alibaba, H. Z., “Integration of Double Skin Facade with HVAC Systems: The State of the Art on Building Energy Efficiency”, International Journal of Recent Research in Civil and Mechanical Engineering, 2(2): 37-50, (2015).
• [15] Ascione, F., Bianco, N., Iovane, T., Mastellone, M., Mauro, G. M., “The evolution of building energy retrofit via double-skin and responsive façades: A review”, Solar Energy, 224: 703-717, (2021).
• [16] Ayoub, M., “100 Years of Daylighting: A Chronological Review of Daylight Prediction and Calculation Methods”, Solar Energy, 194: 360-390, (2019).
• [17] Wong, I. L., “A Review of Daylighting Design and Implementation in Buildings”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 74: 959-968, (2017).
• [18] Ngarambe, J., Adilkhanova, I., Uwirage, B., Yun, G. Y., “A Review on the Current Usage of Machine Learning Tools for Daylighting Design and Control”, Building and Environment, 223, (2022).
• [19] Alrubaih, M. S., Zain, M. F. M., Alghoul, M. A., Ibrahim, N. L. N., Shameri, M. A., Elayeb, O., “Research and Development on Aspects of Daylighting Fundamentals”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 21: 494-505, (2013).
• [20] Al horr, Y., Arif, M., Katafygiotou, M., Mazroei, A., Kaushik, A., Elsarrag, E., “Impact of Indoor Environmental Quality on Occupant Well-Being and Comfort: A Review of the Literature”, International Journal of Sustainable Built Environment, 5: 1-11, (2016).
• [21] Vasquez, N. G., Rupp, R. F., Andersen, R. K., Toftum, J., “Occupants’ Responses to Window Views, Daylighting and Lighting in Buildings: A Critical Review”, Building and Environment, 219, (2022).
• [22] Tregenza, P., Loe, D., “The Design of Lighting”, Published by E & FN Spon, 1, London (1998).
• [23] BRE , “Estimating daylight in buildings: part 1: an aid to energy efficiency”, BRE digest 309. Bracknell: IHS BRE Press, (1986).
• [24] Hraska, J., “Chronobiological aspects of green buildings daylighting”, Renewable Energy, 73: 109-114, (2015).
• [25] Sapia, C., “Daylighting in buildings: developments of sunlight addressing by optical fiber”, Solar Energy, 89: 113-121, (2013).
• [26] Mueller, H. F. O., “Chapter 9: daylighting. In: Sustainability, Energy and Architecture”, Elsevier, 227-255, (2013).
• [27] Mardaljevic, J., "Daylight, Indoor Illumination, and Human Behavior”, Sustainable Built Environments, 69-111, (2012).
• [28] STI, 2007. ER 2007:34. STIL 1, (Förbättrad energistatistik för lokaler – Stegvis STIL – Rapport för år 1 – Inventering av kontor och förvaltningsbyggnader. Statens Energimyndighet).
• [29] Lam, J. C., Li, D. H. W., Cheung, S. O., “An analysis of electricity end-use in air-conditioned office buildings in Hong Kong”, Building and Environment, 38(3): 493-489, (2003).
• [30] Apian-Bennewitz, P., Goller, M., Herkel, S., Kovach-Hebling, A., Wienold, J., “Computer-Oriented Building Design: Advances in Daylighting and Thermal Simulation Tools”, Renewable Energy, 14(1-4): 351-356, (1998).
• [31] Manning, M. A., “An Experimental Evaluation and Comparison of Four Daylighting Strategies for Schools in North Carolina”, (2005).
• [32] Burton, S. H., Doggart, J., “Passive solar energy as a fuel 1990–2000”, Pergamon Press, 151-156, (1991).
• [33] Xue, P., Mak, C. M., Cheung, H. D., “The effects of daylighting and human behaviour on luminous comfort in residential buildings: a questionnaire survey”, Building and Environment, 81: 51-59, (2014).
• [34] Andersen, M., Gagne, J. M. L., Kleindienst, S., “Interactive Expert Support for Early Stage Full-Year Daylighting Design: A User's Perspective on Light Solve”, Automation Construction, 35: -352, (2013).
• [35] Krarti, M., Erickson, P. M., Hillman, T. C., “A simplified method to estimate energy savings of artificial lighting use from daylighting”, Building and Environment, 40: 747-754, (2005).
• [36] BRE, Lighting control and daylight use. BRE digest 272. Bracknell: IHS BRE Press, (1983).
• [37] CIBSE, SLL lighting handbook. London: CIBSE, (2009).
• [38] Ihm, P., Nemri, A., Krarti, M., “Estimation of Lighting Energy Savings from Daylighting”, Building and Environment, 44: 509-514, (2009).
• [39] Halonen, L., Tetri, E., Bhusal, P., “Guidebook on Energy Efficient Electric Lighting for Buildings”, Aalto University School of Science and Technology, (2010).
• [40] Al-Shareef, F. M., Oldham, D. J. Carter, D. J., “A Computer Model for Predicting the Daylight Performance of Complex Parallel Shading Systems”, Building and Environment, 36: 605-618, (2001).
• [41] Chien, S., Tseng, K. J., “Assessment of Climate-Based Daylight Performance in tropical office buildings: a case study”, International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies, 9(2): 100-108, (2014).
• [42] El-Darwish, I. I., El- Gendy, R. A., “The role of fenestration in promoting daylight performance. The mosques of Alexandria since the 19th century”, Alexandria Engineering Journal, 55(4), (2016).
• [43] Sudan, M., Mistrick, R. G., Tiwari, G. N., “Climate-Based Daylight Modeling (CBDM) for an Atrium: An Experimentally Validated Novel Daylight Performance”, Solar Energy, 158: 559-571, (2017).
• [44] Bellia, L., Fragliasso, F., Stefanizzi, E., “Daylight Offices: A Comparison Between Measured Parameters Assessing Light Quality and Users’ Opinions”, Building and Environment, 113:92-106, (2017).
• [45] Cheng, Y., Gao, M., Dong, J., Jia, J., Zhaoa, X., Lic, G., “Investigation on the daylight and overall energy performance of semi-transparent photovoltaic facades in cold climatic regions of China”, Applied Energy, (2018).
• [46] Gutiérreza, R. U., Dua, J., Ferreiraa, N., Ferreroc, A., Sharplesa, S., “Daylight Control and Performance in Office Buildings Using a Novel Ceramic Louvre System”, Building and Environment, 151: 54-74, (2019).
• [47] Cheng, Y., Gao, M., Jia, J., Sun, Y., Yu, M., “An optimal and comparison study on daylight and overall energy performance of double-glazed photovoltaics windows in cold region of China”, Energy, (2019).
• [48] Galal, K. S., “The Impact of Classroom Orientation on Daylight and Heat-Gain Performance in the Lebanese Coastal Zone”, Alexandria Engineering Journal, 58(3): 827-839, (2019).
• [49] Shahbazi, Y., Heydari, M., Haghparast, F., “An Early-Stage Design Optimization for Office Buildings’ Facade Providing High-Energy Performance and Daylight”, Indoor and Built Environment, 28(10): 1-18, (2019).
• [50] Oh, M., Lee, C., Park, J., Lee, K., Tae, S., “Evaluation of Energy and Daylight Performance of Old Office Buildings in South Korea with Curtain Walls Remodeled Using Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal (PDLC) Films”, Energies, 12, (2019).
• [51] Salamati, M., Mathur, P., Kamyabjou, G., Taghizade, K., “Daylight Performance Analysis of TiO2@W-VO2 Thermochromic Smart Glazing in Office Buildings” Building and Environment, 186, (2020).
• [52] Bahdad, A. A. S., Fadzil, S. F. S., Taib, N., “Optimization of Daylight Performance Based on Controllable Light-shelf Parameters using Genetic Algorithms in the Tropical Climate of Malaysia” Journal of Daylighting, (2020).
• [53] Freewan, A. A.Y., Al Dalala, J. A., “Assessment of Daylight Performance of Advanced Daylighting Strategies in Large University Classrooms; Case Study Classrooms at JUST”, Alexandria Engineering Journal, 59(2): 791-802, (2020).
• [54] Noshin, S., Kanwal, H., Ahmad, A., “A Comparative Study on Daylight Performance Assessment of Light Shelves Based on Inclination”, Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, 11(11), (2020).
• [55] Pamuk, A. C., Tastemir, I. A., Arpacıoglu, U., “A Comparative Study on Daylight Performance of Konya Mosques Built in Anatolian Seljuk and Ottoman Period”, ICONARP International Journal of Architecture and Planning, 145, (2020).
• [56] Lim, T., Yim, W. S., Kim, D. D., “Evaluation of Daylight and Cooling Performance of Shading Devices in Residential Buildings in South Korea”, Energies, 8(9), (2020).
• [57] Abdollahzadeh, N., Tahsildoost, M., Zomorodian, Z. S., “A Method of Partition Design for Open-Plan Offices Based on Daylight Performance Evaluation”, Journal of Building Engineering, (2020).
• [58] Marzouk, M., Eissa, A., ElSharkawy, M., “Influence of Light Redirecting Control Element on Daylight Performance: A Case of Egyptian Heritage Palace Skylight”, Journal of Building Engineering, 31(9), (2020).
• [59] Baloch, R. M., Maesano, C. N., Chirstoffersen, J., Mandin, C., Csobod, E., Fernandes, E. O., Maesano, I. A., “Daylight and School Performance in European Schoolchildren”, International Journal of Environmental Research and Publich Health, (2020).
• [60] Yang, H., Guo, B., Shi, Y., Jia, C., Li, X., Liu, F., “Interior daylight environment of an elderly nursing home in Beijing”, Building and Environment, (2021).
• [61] Nasrollahzadeh, N., “Comprehensive building envelope optimization: Improving energy, daylight, and thermal comfort performance of the dwelling unit”, Journal of Building Engineering, 44, (2021).
• [62] He, Q., Li, Z., Gao, W., Chen, H. Wu, X., Cheng, X., Lin, B., “Predictive models for daylight performance of general floorplans based on CNN and GAN: A proof-of-concept study”, Building and Environment, (2021).
• [63] Sun, Y., Liu, X., Ming, Y., Liu, X., Mahon, D., Wilson, R., Liu, H., Eames, P., Wu, Y., “Energy and daylight performance of a smart window: Window integrated with thermotropic parallel slat-transparent insulation material”, Applied Energy, 293, (2021).
• [64] Fan, Z., Yang, Z., Yang, L., “Daylight Performance Assessment of Atrium Skylight with Integrated Semi-Transparent Photovoltaic for Different Climate Zones in China”, Building and Environment, 190(10), (2021).
• [65] Mayhoub, M.S., Elqattan, A. A., Algendy, A. S., “Experimental Investigation of Dust Accumulation Effect on the Performance of Tubular Daylight Guidance Systems”, Renewable Energy, 196(C): 726-737, (2021).
• [66] Fernandes, L. L., Lee, E. S., Thanachareonkit, A., Selkowitz, S. E., “Potential Annual Daylighting Performance of a High-Efficiency Daylight Redirecting Slat System”, Building Simulation, 14: 495-510, (2021).
• [67] Castillo-Martínez, A. Peña-García, A., “Influence of Groves on Daylight Conditions and Visual Performance of Users of Urban Civil Infrastructures”, Sustainability, 13(22), (2021).
• [68] Khidmat, R. P., Fukuda, H., Kustiani, Paramita, B., Qingsong, M., Hariyadi, A., “Investigation into the Daylight Performance of Expanded-Metal Shading Through Parametric Design and Multi-Objective Optimisation in Japan”, Journal of Building Engineering, 51, (2022).
• [69] Ziaee, N., Vakilinezhad, R., “Multi-Objective Optimization of Daylight Performance and Thermal Comfort in Classrooms with Light-Shelves: Case Studies in Tehran and Sari, Iran”, Energy and Buildings, 7:72-81, (2022).
• [70] Grabe, J. A., “Prediction Tool for the Temperature Field of Double Façades”, Energy and Buildings, 34: 891-899, (2002).
• [71] Pasquay, T., “Natural ventilation in high-rise buildings with double façades, saving or waste of energy”, Energy and Buildings, 36: 381-389, (2004).
• [72] Ding, W., Hasemi, Y., Yamada, T., “Natural ventilation performance of a double-skin façade with a solar chimney” Energy and Buildings, 37: 411-418, (2005).
• [73] Stec,W., Van Paassen, A., Maziarz, A., “Modelling the double skin façade with plants”, Energy and Buildings, 37: 419-427, (2005).
• [74] Lou, W., Jin, H., Chen, Y. Cao, L., Yao, J., “Wind tunnel test study on wind load characteristics for double-skin Façade building with rectangular shape” Jianzhu Jiegou Xuebao (J Build Struct), 26: 65-70 (2005).
• [75] Hamza, N., “Double Versus Single Skin Facades in Hot Arid Areas”, Energy and Buildings, 40: 240-248, (2008).
• [76] Wong, P., “Natural Ventilation in Double-Skin Façade Design for Office Buildings in Hot and Humid Climate”, Australia: University of New South Wales, (2008).
• [77] Pappas, A., Zhai, Z., “Numerical Investigation on Thermal Performance and Correlations of Double Skin Façade with Buoyancy-Driven Airflow”, Energy and Buildings, 40: 466-475, (2008).
• [78] Høseggen, R., Wachenfeldt, B., Hanssen, S., “Building simulation as an assisting tool in decision making: Case study: with or without a double-skin façade?”, Energy and Buildings, 40: 821-827, (2008).
• [79] Kim, S., Song, K., “Determining Photosensor Conditions of a Daylight Dimming Control System Using Different Double-Skin Envelope Configurations”, Indoor Built Environment, 16: 411-425, (2007).
• [80] Shameri,M. Alghoul, M., Elayeb, O., Zain, M. F. M., Alrubaih, M., Amir, H., “Daylighting characteristics of existing double-skin façade office buildings”, Energy and Buildings, 59: 279-286, (2013).
• [81] Zhou, J., Chen, Y. A., “A review on applying ventilated double-skin façade to buildings in hot-summer and cold-winter zone in China”, Renewanle and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 14: 1321-1328, (2010).
• [82] Lou, W., Huang, M., Zhang, M., Lin, N., “Experimental and zonal modeling for wind pressures on double-skin façades of a tall building”, Energy and Buildings, 54: 179-191, (2012).
• [83] Inan, T., Basaran, T., “A Study on Double Skin Facades”, Megaron, 9(2): 133-142, (2014).
• [84] Joe, J., Choi, W., Kwak, Y. Huh, J. H., “Optimal Design of a Multi-Story Double Skin Façade”, Energy and Buildings, 76: 143-150, (2014).
• [85] Gracia, A., Navarro, L., Castell, A., Boer, D., Cabeza, L. F., 1Life Cycle Assessment of a Ventilated Façade with PCM in Its Air Chamber”, Solar Energy, 104: 115-123, (2014).
• [86] Marques da Silva, F., Gomes, M. G., Rodrigues, A. M., “Measuring and Estimating Airflow in Naturally Ventilated Double Skin Façades”, Building and Environments, 87: 292-301, (2015).
• [87] Saleh, Z. M., Alibaba, H. Z., “Integration of Double Skin Facade with HVAC Systems: The State of the Art on Building Energy Efficiency”, International Journal of Recent Research in Civil and Mechanical Engineering, (2015).
• [88] Etman, O., Tolba, O., Ezzeldin, S., “Double-Skin Facades in Egypt between Parametric and Climatic Approaches”, eCAADe 31, (2013).
• [89] Ergin, M., “Double Skin Facade Options for Daylight Quality: An Office Case in İzmir”, Master Thesis, Izmir Institute of Technology, İzmir, (2019).
• [90] Bara’u, W., “Energy and Daylight Performance Analysis of Double Skin Facade Systems in Hot Arid Climate: A Case Study in Nigeria” Master Thesis, Yasar University, İzmir, (2018).
• [91] Flor, J. F., Sun, Y., Beccarelli, P., Chilton, J.,Wu, Y., “Retrofitting Office Buildings: Enhanced Daylighting Performance with Switchable ETFE Double-Skin Façades”, X International Conference on Textile Composites and Inflatable Structures Structural Membranes, (2021).
• [92] Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y., Li, Z., “A Novel Productive Double Skin Façades for Residential Buildings: Concept, Design and Daylighting Performance Investigate”, Building and Environment, 212, (2022).
• [93] Dewi, O. C., Rahmasari, K., Hanjani, T. A., “Window-to-Wall Ratio as a Mode of Daylight Optimization for an Educational Building with Opaque Double-Skin Façade” Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering, (2022).
• [94] Boyce, P. R., “Human Factors in Lighting”, Taylor and Francis, London, UK, 2, (1981).
• [95] Memis, O., Ekren, N., “İnsan Odaklı Aydınlatma”, International Periodical of Recent Technologies in Applied Engineering, 1: 30-35, (2019).
• [96] Smolders, K. C. H. J., “Daytime light exposure: effects and preferences”, (2013).
• [97] Reinhart, C. F., Mardaljevic, J., Rogers, Z., “Dynamic Daylight Performance Metrics for Sustainable Building Design”, Leukos, 3(1): 7-31, (2006).
• [98] Littlefair, P. J., “BRE Report Site Layout Planning for daylight and sunlight: A good practice”, Second Edition, Building Research Establishment, Watford, U.K, (2011).
• [99] BS 8206-2:2008, “Lighting for buildings- Part 2: Code of practice for Daylighting”, (2008).
• [100] Leslie, R. P., Radetsky, L.C., Smith, A. M., “Conceptual Design Metrics for Daylighting”, Lighting Research Technology, 44: 277-290, (2012).
• [101] IES, LM-83-12, “Approved Method:Spatial Daylight Autonomy (sDA) and Annual Sunlight Exposure (ASE)”, lluminating Engineering Society, (2013).
• [102] http://www.businessweek.com/archives/2000/b3705139.arc.htm?campaign_id=search#B37051 39, Access date: 1.02.2006.
• [103] Leontief, W. W., “The Use of Indifference Curves in the Analysis of Foreign Trade”, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 47: 493-503, (1933).
• [104] Leontief, W. W., “Quantitative Input and Output Relations in the Economic System of the United States”, Review of Economic Statistics, 18(3): 105-125, (1936).
• [105] Winston, W. L., “Operations Research: Applicatios and Algorithms”, International Thomson Publishing, 4, (2003).
• [106] Compagno, A., “Intelligent Glass Facades”, 5th revised and updated edition, Berlin: Birkhäuser, (2002).
• [107] Faist, A. P., “Double Skin Walls. Institut de technique du batiment. Department d’ Architecture”, École Polytechnique Fédéral de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland, (1998).
• [108] Halil, Z. A., Mesut, B. O., “Thermal Comfort of Multiple-Skin Façades in Warm-Climate Offices”, Scientific Research and Essayss, 6: 4065-4078, (2011).
• [109] Oesterle, E., Lieb, R. D., Lutz, M., Heusler, W., “Double Skin Facades – Integrated Planning”, Prestel Verlag, Munich, Germany, (2001).
• [110] Roth, K., Lawrence, T., Brodrick, J., “Double skin façades”, ASHRAE J, (2007).
• [111] Baldinelli, G., “Double Skin Façades for Warm Climate Regions: Analysis of a Solution with an Integrated Movable Shading System”, Building and Environment, 44: 1107-1118, (2009).
• [112] Chan, A., Chow, T. T., Fong, K., Lin, Z., “Investigation on energy performance of double skin Façade in Hong Kong”, Energy and Buildings, 41: 135-142, (2009).
• [113] Yellamraju, V., “Evaluation & Design of Double Skin Facades for Office Buildings in Hot Climates”, Master’s Thesis, Texas A&M University, USA., (2004).