A Review Study on the Characteristics and Advantages of Battery Chemicals Used in Electric Vehicles

Abstract

With the rapid depletion of fossil fuels and the widespread use of the concept of clean energy, electric vehicles are replacing vehicles with internal combustion engines. States have started to take concrete steps on clean energy by changing their energy policies. In this context, they plan to limit the use of internal combustion vehicles and to terminate them completely in the near future. There are problems that electric vehicles have to overcome in order to reach the desired level. These problems stand out as low range and high battery cost. The most important parameter affecting the range and preferability of electric vehicles is battery technology. The solution of these problems is directly proportional to the developments in battery technologies. The range of electric vehicles is directly related to the battery capacities, and it is desired that the batteries have high power density, high energy density, fast charge-discharge and long life. Therefore, today’s electric vehicle research and development studies have focused on this issue. In this study, a detailed study has been done on battery chemistry from past to present. By explaining the important concepts for batteries, the superior and non-superior aspects of the batteries used in the past and newly developed have been determined. As a result of this study, the most preferred battery types in electric vehicles, among the battery types examined, are lithium-based batteries such as NMC, NCA, LTO, LPF, LMO. Promising Li-s, Li-air, Zn-air and li-batteries are not yet commercially used in electric vehicles.

Keywords

• Electric Vehicles
• Battery Chemistry
• Batteries

Elektrikli Araçlarda Kullanılan Pil Kimyasallarının Özellikleri ve Üstün Yönlerinin Kıyaslanması Üzerine Bir Derleme Çalışması

Abstract

Fosil yakıtların hızla tükenmesi ve temiz enerji kavramının yaygın olarak kullanılmaya başlanması ile birlikte elektrikli araçlar içten yanmalı motora sahip araçların yerini almaktadır. Devletler enerji politikalarını değiştirerek temiz enerji üzerine somut adımlar atmaya başladılar. Bu kapsamda içten yanmalı araçların kullanımını sınırlandırma, yakın gelecekte ise tamamen sonlandırma planları yapmaktadırlar. Elektrikli araçların istenilen seviyeye gelebilmesi için aşması gereken sorunlar vardır. Bu sorunlar az menzil ve yüksek batarya maliyeti olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Elektrikli araçların menzillerini ve tercih edilebilirliklerini etkileyen en önemli parametre batarya teknolojisidir. Bu sorunların çözümü batarya teknolojilerindeki gelişmelerle doğru orantılıdır. Elektrikli araçların menzilleri batarya kapasiteleri ile doğrudan ilişkili olup, bataryaların yüksek güç yoğunluğuna, yüksek enerji yoğunluğuna sahip olması, hızlı şarj-deşarj edilebilmesi ve uzun ömre sahip olması istenir. Dolayısıyla günümüz elektrikli araç araştırma geliştirme çalışmaları bu konu üzerine odaklanmıştır. Bu çalışmada geçmişten günümüze kadar olan batarya kimyaları hakkında detaylı bir çalışma yapılmıştır. Bataryalar için önemli olan kavramlar açıklanarak geçmişte kullanılan ve yeni geliştirilen bataryaların üstün ve zayıf olan yönleri belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışma sonucunda incelenmiş olan pil türlerinden elektrikli araçlarda en çok tercih edilen pil türleri lityum tabanlı piller olan NMC, NCA, LTO, LPF, LMO olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Gelecek vadeden Li-S, Li-air, Zn-air pilleri ise henüz ticari olarak elektrikli araçlarda kullanılmamaktadır.

Keywords

• Elektrikli Araçlar
• Batarya Kimyaları
• Bataryalar

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