Anlık Güç Kuramı ile Dengesiz Yükler İçin SAGF Uygulaması

Abstract

Nonlineer devre elemanları tek fazlı ve çok fazlı elektrik dağıtım sistemlerinde harmonik akım ve gerilimlere neden olmaktadır. Harmonik sistem nedeniyle akım ve gerilim sinyal işaretleri bozulmaktadır. Harmoniklerin oluşumu ile sistemin verimi olumsuz etkilenmektedir. Bu durumun olumsuz etkilerini ortadan kaldırmak ve hafifletmek için sisteme birtakım filtreleme yöntemleri uygulanmaktadır. Bu yöntemler aktif yöntemler ve pasif yöntemler olmak üzere iki sınıfta incelenmektedir. Bu çalışmada dengesiz yükler için seri aktif güç filtresinin (SAGF) tasarımı araştırılmıştır. SAGF’nin devrede aktif olduğu ve olmadığı durumlar özel olarak çalışılarak devrenin oluşturduğu THD (toplam harmonik bozulma) verileri incelenmiştir. Bu aktif yöntemin hedefi, oluşan harmoniğe eşik ölçüde ve zıt fazda harmonik gerilim üreterek harmoniği yok etmektir. Tasarım için Akagi’nin anlık güç kuramından yararlanılmıştır. Bu şekilde zamanda oluşan gecikmelerin önüne geçilmiştir. Histerezis bant kontrol yöntemi ile de anahtarlama devre elemanları kontrol edilmiştir.

Keywords

• Anlık güç,Doğrultucu,Filtre,Harmonik,Yük,SAGF

SAPF Application with the Instantaneous Power Theory for Unbalanced Load in Power Systems

Abstract

In multiphase and single-phase electrical power circuit systems, nonlinear elements in the cause harmonics. Harmonics reduce the quality of electrical systems, by adversely affecting them. Undesirable fluctuations emerge in current and voltage signals. Harmonic elimination methods are used to reduce these negative effects. These methods are divided into two types as active and passive. In this study, the design of a series active power filter (SAPF), which is one of the active elimination methods in unbalanced electric loads, is explained. THD ( total harmonic distortion ) values occurring in voltage were investigated, by examining the cases, where SAPF was enabled and disabled, separately. These types of filters aim to eliminate harmonics by transmitting in the opposite phase and equal magnitude harmonic voltage signals to harmonics. In the design of SAPF, Akagi’s Instantaneous Power Theory was utilized. With the Instantaneous Power Theory, possible delays in time are prevented. The switching circuit elements were checked by the hysteresis tape control method.

References

1. [1] Annapoorani, I., Samikannu, R., Senthilnathan , K. Series Active Power Filter for Power Quality Improvement Based on Distributed Generation. International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, 2017, 12, 12214-12218.
2. [2] Teixeira, N., F., Pinto, J., G., O., Freitas, M., J., S., Afonso, J., L. New Control Algorithm for Single-Phase Series Active Power Filter”, Electric Power Components and Systems Journal, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC, 2015, 43, 1752- 1760.
3. [3] Bagde, A., P., Ambatkar, R., B., Bhure, R., G., Rakhonde, B., S. Power Quality Improvement By Series Active Power Filter- A Revıew. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, 2017, 4, 1730-1733.
4. [4] Kahraman, Ö., A., Sevim, D., Erkan, E., Çelebi, S., B., Cebeci, M. Reference Signal Estimation Methods for Parallel Active Power Filter Control. International Engineering and Technology Symposium, May 2018, 1-7.
5. [5] Hekimoğlu, B., Ekinci, S. Paralel Aktif Güç Filtresi Denetimi İçin Adaline YSA Tabanlı Farklı Referans Akım Çıkartım Yöntemlerinin Karşılaştırılması. Journal of Life Sciences, 2016, 6, 219-237.
6. [6] Uçar, F., Coteli, R., Dandil, B. Three Level Inverter Based Shunt Active Power Filter Using Multi-Level Hysteresis Band Current Controller. Przegląd Elektrotechniczny (Electrical Review), 2012, 88, 227-231.
7. [7] Efe, S., B. Active and Passive Harmonic Filter Application for Industrial Installations. BEU Journal of Science. 2016, 5, 65-76.
8. [8] Sezer, M. Design of shunt active power filter on three phase systems. MSc, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey, 2006.

9. [9] Peng, F.Z. Application issues of active power filters. IEEE Ind. Appl. Mag., September, 1998, 5, 21-30.
10. [10] Adak, S. Mitigation of harmonic distortion in electric power system. Phd, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey, 2003.
11. [11] Sucu, M. Computer aided modeling and simulation of occured harmonics filtering in electric energy systems. MSc, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey, 2003.
12. [12] Bozabali, M. Design and simulation of shunt active power filter on three phase systems. MSc, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey, 2009.
13. [13] Ucar, M. Design and implementation of 3-phase 4-wire shunt active power filter. MSc, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey, 2005.
14. [14] Gezegin, C. Hybrid active filters for harmonic filtering and reactive power compensation. MSc, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey, 2006.
15. [15] Kesler, M. Design of shunt active power filter and DSP based control with VisSim software. MSc, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey, 2005.
16. [16] Akagi, H., Watanebe, E. H., Aredes, M. Instantaneous power theory and applications to power conditioning, New Jersey, USA, Wiley-IEEE Press, 2007.
17. [17] Singh, B., Haddad, K, Cgandra, A. A Review of Active Filters for Power Quality Improvement. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron, 1999; 5: 133-138.
18. [18] Akagi, H. Active harmonic filters,, Proc. IEEE, 2005; 12: 2128-2141.
19. [19] King, A., Knight, W. Uninterruptible power supplies and standby power systems, New York, USA, McGraw-Hill Press, 2003.
20. [20] Nielsen, J. G., Blaabjerg, F. A detailed comparison of system topologies For dynamic voltage restorers. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron,, 2005; 5: 1272-1280.
21. [21] Fujita, H., Akagi, H. The unified power quality conditioner: The integration of series- and shunt-active filters. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron,, 1998; 2: 315-322.
22. [22] Roux, A. D., Mouton, H. T., Akagi, H. Digital control of an integrated series active filter and diode rectifier with voltage regulation. IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl, 2003; 6: 1814-1820.
23. [23] Peng, F. Z., Akagi, H., Nabae, A. A new approach to harmonic compensation in power systems – a combined system of shunt passive and series active filters, IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl,, 1990; 6: 983-990.
24. [24] Bhattacharya, S. High power active filter systems, Phd, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA 2003.
25. [25] Akçay, M., T., Series active power filter design for unbalanced conditions. MSc, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey, 2010.