Anlık Güç Kuramı ile Dengesiz Yükler İçin SAGF Uygulaması

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 1 - 16, 30.03.2019

Mehmet Taciddin Akçay Uğur Arifoğlu

Öz

Nonlineer devre elemanları tek fazlı ve çok fazlı elektrik dağıtım sistemlerinde harmonik akım ve gerilimlere neden olmaktadır. Harmonik sistem nedeniyle akım ve
gerilim sinyal işaretleri bozulmaktadır. Harmoniklerin oluşumu ile sistemin verimi
olumsuz etkilenmektedir. Bu durumun olumsuz etkilerini ortadan kaldırmak ve hafifletmek için sisteme birtakım filtreleme yöntemleri uygulanmaktadır. Bu yöntemler aktif yöntemler ve pasif yöntemler olmak üzere iki sınıfta incelenmektedir. Bu
çalışmada dengesiz yükler için seri aktif güç filtresinin (SAGF) tasarımı araştırılmıştır. SAGF’nin devrede aktif olduğu ve olmadığı durumlar özel olarak çalışılarak devrenin oluşturduğu THD (toplam harmonik bozulma) verileri incelenmiştir. Bu aktif
yöntemin hedefi, oluşan harmoniğe eşik ölçüde ve zıt fazda harmonik gerilim üreterek harmoniği yok etmektir. Tasarım için Akagi’nin anlık güç kuramından yararlanılmıştır. Bu şekilde zamanda oluşan gecikmelerin önüne geçilmiştir. Histerezis bant
kontrol yöntemi ile de anahtarlama devre elemanları kontrol edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Anlık güç, Doğrultucu, Filtre, Harmonik, Yük, SAGF

SAPF Application with the Instantaneous Power Theory for Unbalanced Load in Power Systems

Öz

In multiphase and single-phase electrical power circuit systems, nonlinear elements
in the cause harmonics. Harmonics reduce the quality of electrical systems, by adversely affecting them. Undesirable fluctuations emerge in current and voltage signals. Harmonic elimination methods are used to reduce these negative effects. These methods are divided into two types as active and passive. In this study, the design of
a series active power filter (SAPF), which is one of the active elimination methods
in unbalanced electric loads, is explained. THD ( total harmonic distortion ) values
occurring in voltage were investigated, by examining the cases, where SAPF was
enabled and disabled, separately. These types of filters aim to eliminate harmonics
by transmitting in the opposite phase and equal magnitude harmonic voltage signals
to harmonics. In the design of SAPF, Akagi’s Instantaneous Power Theory was utilized. With the Instantaneous Power Theory, possible delays in time are prevented.
The switching circuit elements were checked by the hysteresis tape control method.

Kaynakça

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