Yunanistan’ın ege adalarına yönelik uluslararası hukuka aykırı eylemlerinin değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Türkiye ve Yunanistan arasındaki sorunlar birçok ayrı başlık halinde incelenebilecek kadar çoktur. Kıbrıs başta olmak üzere kıta sahanlığı, karasuları ve hava sahası gibi sorunlar iki tarafın hukuksal dayanakları nedeniyle içinden çıkılamaz bir hale gelmiştir. Özellikle 1970’lerden itibaren gündemden düşmeyen bu sorunlar, siyaset ve diplomasi krizi haline gelerek günümüze kadar devam etmiştir. Var olan sorunların 20. yüzyılın ikinci yarısından itibaren varlık gösterdiği düşünülse bile bu sorunların kökenleri Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’na ve Yunanistan’ın bağımsız bir devlet olarak varlık göstermesine kadar uzanmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın yapılmasının ana sebebi ise Ege Denizi’nde Türkiye anakarasının önünde ada, adacık ve kayalık şeklinde dağılmış halde bulunan, 400 yıl süresince Türk hâkimiyetinde kalan, jeopolitik anlamda güvenlik endişesi yaratan ve vazgeçilemez olarak tarif edilebilecek Ege Adaları sorununun, Yunanistan’ın var olan problemlere yönelik uluslararası hukuka aykırı tavrının gözler önüne serilmesidir.

Keywords

• Ege Adaları
• Ege Denizi
• Türkiye
• Yunanistan
• Uluslararası Hukuk.

Evaluation of Greece’s unlawful actions against the aegean islands

Abstract

There are several problems between Turkey and Greece that they can be examined under many separate headings. Problems such as continental shelf, territorial waters, airspace, and not least the Cyprus conflict, have become extremely difficult to deal with as both sides have their own legal arguments. These problems, which have been on the agenda especially since the 1970s, became political and diplomatic crises and continue to be so today as well. Even though it might be assumed that the existing problems have existed since the second half of the 20th century, the origins of these problems go back to the Ottoman Empire and the existence of Greece as an independent state. The main reason for this study is to shed light on the problem of the Aegean Islands—which are scattered in the form of islands, islets, and rocks right in front of the Turkish mainland in the Aegean Sea; remained under Turkish domination for 400 years; creates security concerns from a geopolitical standpoint and can be described as indispensable—and on Greece’s attitude towards the existing problems that goes against international law.

Keywords

• Aegean Islands
• Aegean Sea
• Turkey
• Greece
• International Law.

References

1. Acer, Y. (2003). The Aegean maritime disputes and international law. Wiltshire: Ashgate.
2. Ak, G. (2014). History, sea and sovereignty: past and current times of the Aegean sporades "Menteşe Islands". Journal of Modern Turkish History Studies.
3. Aegean Sea continental shelf (Greece v. Turkey). International Court of Justice, https://www.icj-cij.org/en/case/62, (Date of Access : 25.10.22).
4. Avar, Y., and Lın Y. C. (2019). Aegean disputes between Turkey and Greece: Turkish and Greek claims and motivations in the framework of legal and political perspectives. International Journal of Politics and Security, 2019.
5. Başlıca ege denizi sorunları. Republic of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs, https://www.mfa.gov.tr/baslica-ege-denizi-sorunlari.tr.mfa, (Date of Access: 24.10.22).
6. Background note on Aegean dispute. Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Foreign Affairs, https://www.mfa.gov.tr/background-note-on-aegean-disputes.en.mfa, (Date of Access: 25.10.2022).
7. Case concerning the continental shelf (Libyan Arab Jamahiriya/Malta). (1985). International Court of Justice Reports 13.
8. Danişmend, İ. H. (1972). İzahlı Osmanlı Kronolojisi Cilt: 4, İstanbul: Türkiye Yayınevi.

9. Dyke, J. M. V. (2005). An analysis of the Aegean disputes under international law. Ocean Development & International Law, Vol. 36:63-117.
10. Fisheries Jurisdiction (United Kingdom v. Iceland). International Court of Justice, https://www.icj-cij.org/en/case/55, (Date of Access 25.10.22).
11. Eren, Ş. (2008). Turkish-Greek relations on Aegean Sea basis, (Master Thesis). Kadir Has University, İstanbul.
12. Eritrea/Yemen – Sovereignty and Maritime Delimitation in the Red Sea. Permanent Court of Arbitration, https://pca-cpa.org/en/cases/81/, (Date of Access: 24.10.22).
13. Erkiner, H. H. and Büyük, M. E. (2021). Can the United Nations International Court of Justice be the solution place for the continental shelf dispute within the scope of Turkish-Greek relations?. MÜHF-HAD, C 27, S 2.
14. Green, L.C. (1952). The Anglo-Norwegian fisheries case. The Anglo-Norwegian Fisheries Case, 1951 (I. C. J. Reports 1951, p. 116) on JSTOR, (Date of Access: 25.10.22).
15. Gündüzler, U. (2013). United Nations convention on law of sea as a mixed treaty of EU: a headache for Turker?. Ankara Review of European Studies, C 2.
16. Güneş, Ş. A. (2017). Aegean Sea territorial waters issue. P. G. Ercan (Ed.). Turkish Foreign Policy: International Relations, Legality and Global Reach, Ankara: Palgrave Macmillan.
17. İleri, K. and Gunerigok, S. (2022). US points to ‘America’s national interest’s for double standard on Greece. AA, https://www.aa.com.tr/en/americas/us-points-to-americas-national-interests-for-double-standard-on-greece/2697618, (Date of Access: 02.10.2022).
18. Johnson, D.H.N. (1952). The Anglo-Norwegian Fisheries Case, The Anglo-Norwegian Fisheries Case | International & Comparative Law Quarterly | Cambridge Core, (Date of Access: 27.10.22).
19. Kalkan, E. (2020). The longstanding dispute between Turkey And Greece: The Aegean Issue, International Journal of Economics and Administrative Studies.
20. Kamalov, R. (2007). Ege sorunları (Master Thesis). Ankara University, Ankara.
21. Karasuları Kanunu. (1964, 25. 5). Legal Gazette, S 11711.
22. Karğın, Ş. (2010). The legal issues Aegean islands Aegean issues (Master Thesis). Istanbul University, İstanbul.
23. Keskin, F. (2018). Historical forms with basic problems in modern Turkish-Greek relationships (Master Thesis). Bahçeşehir University, İstanbul.
24. Kuran, S. (2014). Uluslararasi deniz hukuku. Beta Yayınları.
25. Lozan sulh muahedenamesinin kabuluna dair kanunlar düstur üçüncü tertip cilt 5. (1931). İstanbul : Necmi İstiklal Matbaası.
26. Mann, S. (2001). The Greek-Turkish dispute in the Aegean Sea: Its ramifications for Nato and the prospects for resolution. Calhoun.
27. Maritime delimitation in The Black Sea (Romania V. Ukraine) judgment Of 3 February 2009. International Court Of Justice Reports Of Judgments, Advisory Opinions And
28. Orders. https://www.icj-cij.org/public/files/case-related/132/132-20090203-JUD-01-00-BI.pdf, (Date of Access: 25.10.22).
29. Montevideo convention on the rights and duties of states (Article 1). University of Oslo. https://www.jus.uio.no/english/services/library/treaties/01/1-02/rights-duties-states.xml, (Date of Access: 24.10.22).
30. MTA Sismik-1 Araştırma Gemisi. General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration. https://www.mta.gov.tr/v3.0/arastirmalar/sismik1, (Date of Access: 25.10.22).
31. North Sea continental shelf cases (Federal Republic of Germany/Denmark; Federal Republic of Germany/Netherlands) Judgment of 20 February 1969. International Court of Justice Reports of Judgments, Advisory Opinions And Orders. https://www.icj-cij.org/public/files/case-related/52/052-19690220-JUD-01-00-EN.pdf, (Date of Access: 24.10.22).
32. Öğüt, S. (2010). The sea politics of the EU in the framework of 1982 convention on the law of the sea. Marmara University, İstanbul.
33. Saltzman, D. S. A legal survey of some of the Aegean issues of dispute and prospects for a non-judicıal multidisciplinary solution. http://turkishpolicy.com/pdf/vol_1-no_2-saltzman.pdf, (Date of Access: 24.10.22).
34. Siousiouras, P. and Chrysochou G. (2014). The Aegean dispute in the context of contemporary judicial decisions on maritime delimitation. Laws.
35. Statute of international court of justice, articel 36/1. Statute of the Court | International Court of Justice (icj-cij.org), (Date of Access: 25.10.22).
36. Sur, M. (2022). Uluslararasi Hukukun Esasları. İstanbul : Filiz Kitabevi.
37. Treaty of peace with Italy, Signed at Paris on 10 February 1947. (1947). Parties: Italy, France, Allies Powers, Basin: Lake of Mont Cenis. http://gis.nacse.org/tfdd/tfdddocs/135ENG.pdf, (Date of Access: 24.10.22).
38. Toppare, N. A. (2006). A legal approach to the Greek Turkish continental shelf dispute at the Aegean Sea (A Master’s Thesis). Bilkent University, Ankara.
39. Turan, C. (2016). Turkey-Greece relations and Aegean problems (A Master’s Thesis). Trakya University, Edirne.
40. Türkiye’den ABD ve Yunanistan’a adalar uyarısı. (2022). TRT Haber, https://www.trthaber.com/haber/gundem/turkiyeden-abd-ve-yunanistana-adalar-notasi-711582.html, (Date of Access: 26.09.2022).
41. United Nations convention on the law of the sea. https://www.un.org/depts/los/convention_agreements/texts/unclos/unclos_e.pdf, (Date of Access: 24.10.22).
42. United Nations security council resolutions. http://unscr.com/en/resolutions/395, (Date of Access: 01.10.2022).
43. UN Treaty Collection. (1932-1934 January 4). League of Nations Treaty, LoN-cumulative index-06.pdf (un.org), (Date of Access: 24.10.22).
44. Vassalotti, J. (2011). Rough Seas: The Greek-Turkish Aegean Sea dispute and ideas for resolution. L.A. Int’l & Comp. L. Rev.
45. Yazan, Y. (2012). The investigation of Turkish-Greek Aegean Sea problems under the perspectives of European Union commission and parliament. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, C 2, S 1.