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Sociodemographic Determinants of Life Satisfaction: A Comparative Analysis in the Case of Havsa (2012–2022)

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 18 Sayı: 3, 780 - 804, 31.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.17218/hititsbd.1619606

Öz

The aim of the study is to investigate the sociodemographic characteristics of Havsa and the determiners of level of satisfaction of the population living in Havsa and to compare the findings with those obtained in 2012. To achieve this aim, descriptive statistics for both sociodemographic characteristics and different satisfaction questions and logistic regression analyses were applied to determine the determinants of satisfaction level. The independent variables used in the analyses have been selected by based on a review of the relevant literature. As of the end of 2021, a minimum sample of 377 people should be selected according to 5% margin of error and 95% confidence level in Havsa, where a total of 18,302 people live in the city centre and villages. In this survey applied to 389 people, stratified sampling method was selected by weighting according to the populations of 22 villages and the district centre, just as it was done in 2012. As a result of these analyses, among the most significant results of the study, it has been determined that the income level of the people of Havsa district is at the level of minimum wage, the highest rate in terms of employment is among those who work as labourers, the rate of those who are satisfied with living in Havsa increases as the level of education decreases, those who do not work in any job are relatively less satisfied; however, on the other hand, married people are more satisfied with being in Havsa than single people. Compared to 10 years ago, it is determined that the income level of Havsa district people has decreased in real terms, especially in rural areas, the highest rate of employment status has shifted from farmers to labourers and the rate of those who are satisfied with living in Havsa has decreased. In line with these findings, it can be suggested to increase the level of education, to increase agricultural income and to develop policies that support rural areas in order to prevent the decrease in the population, especially the rural population.

Etik Beyan

We declare we did not violate scientific ethic rules.

Destekleyen Kurum

Trakya University Scientific Research Projects Unit

Proje Numarası

2022/119

Kaynakça

  • Balodis, D., & Pilvere, I. (2021). European Union Funding For Rural Development In Latvia. Economic Science for Rural Development Conference Proceedings. (ss.64-74). https://doi:10.22616/ESRD.2021.55.006
  • Benedetti, I., Laureti, T., & Regoli, A. (2020). The native-migrant gap in job satisfaction across european countries. International Journal of Manpower, 42(4), 604-627. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijm-09-2019-0432
  • Chen, L., & Shen, W. (2021). Spatiotemporal differentiation of urban-rural income disparity and its driving force in the Yangtze River Economic Belt during 2000-2017. Plos One, 16(2), Article e0245961. https://doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0245961
  • Cheung, A. C. (2021). How Should Education in Rural Areas be Reformed? Science Insights Education Frontiers, 9(1), 1113-1117. Erişim adresi: https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1306511
  • Choi, Y.-K., Joshanloo, M., Lee, J.-H., Lee, H.-S., Lee, H.-P., & Song, J. (2023). Understanding Key Predictors of Life Satisfaction in a Nationally Representative Sample of Koreans. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(18), 6745. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20186745
  • Chunmei, L., & Guiting, Z. (2014). Research on the relationship between level of rural human capital and urban-rural income gap. International Journal of u-and e-Service, Science and Technology, 7(2), 239-248. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijunesst.2014.7.2.22
  • Cramer, D., & Howitt, D.L. (2004). The SAGE Dictionary of Statistics: a practical resource for students in the social sciences, London: SAGE Publications.
  • Dumont, A. (2024). Changes in the U.S. Economy and Rural-Urban Employment Disparities. Federal Reserve. Erişim adresi: https://www.federalreserve.gov/econres/notes/feds-notes/changes-in-the-us-economy-and-rural-urban-employment-disparities-20240119.html, erişim tarihi 13 Mayıs 2024.
  • Ejaz, N., & Mallawaarachchi, T. (2023). Disparities in economic achievement across the rural–urban divide in Pakistan: Implications for development planning. Economic Analysis and Policy, 77, 487-512. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2022.11.023
  • Field, A., Miles, J., & Field, Z. (2012). Discovering statistics using R. SAGE Publications.
  • Gökyurt, F., Kındap, A., & Sarı, V. İ. (2015). Türkiye için yeni bir şehir tanımı gerekli mi. Çağdaş Yerel Yönetimler Dergisi, 24(1), 1-32.
  • Jarden, R., Joshanloo, M., Weijers, D., Sandham, M., & Jarden, A. (2022). Predictors of life satisfaction in new zealand: analysis of a national dataset. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(9), 5612. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095612
  • Keleş, R. (1998). Kentbilim Terimleri Sözlüğü. Ankara: İmge Kitabevi.
  • Kūle, L. (2014). Urban–rural interactions in Latvian changing policy and practice context. European Planning Studies, 22(4), 758-774. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2013.772785
  • Kurbatova, S., Aisner, L. Y., & Volkova, A. (2020). Urban ecology as a means of ensuring the ecological balance of modern cities. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/548/5/052075
  • Lanci, G. (2013). Translating cities: the use of digital technologies in urban environments. arXiv preprint arXiv:1305.0135. Erişim adresi: https://arxiv.org/abs/1305.0135
  • Leinsalu, M., Reile, R., & Stickley, A. (2019). Economic fluctuations and long-term trends in depression: a repeated cross-sectional study in Estonia 2004–2016. J Epidemiol Community Health, 73(11), 1026-1032. https://doi:10.1136/jech-2018-211939
  • Margareta, C. (2006). The Role of Women to the Development of Sustainable Rural Area in Romania. Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine. 64(2006), ISSN 1454-2382. https://doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-hort:2106
  • Marven, L. (2020). The City Anthology: Definition of a Type. Liverpool: Modern Languages Open.
  • Maunier, R. (1910). The definition of the city. American Journal of Sociology, 15(4), 536-548. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43545-022-00399-4
  • Paul, L. (2020). Rural Development in Romania–A Few Considerations. Studies in Business and Economics, 15(2), 165-174. https://doi.org/10.2478/sbe-2020-0032
  • Pocol, C. B. (2012). Rural-urban disparities in the north west region of Romania. Agricultural Management/Lucrari Stiintifice Seria I, Management Agricol, 14(1), 195-202.
  • Pu, X. (2019). An Overview of Research on the Definition and Formation of Cities. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 7(6), 252-256. https://doi:10.4236/jss.2019.76021
  • Rajani, N. B., Skianis, V., & Filippidis, F. T. (2019). Association of environmental and sociodemographic factors with life satisfaction in 27 European countries. BMC Public Health, 19, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-6886-y
  • Raosoft. (2004). Sample size calculator. Raosoft, Inc. Erişim adresi: http://www.raosoft.com/samplesize.html
  • Rozenblat, C. (2020). Extending the concept of city for delineating large urban regions (LUR) for the cities of the world. Cybergeo: European Journal of Geography. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202003.0213.v1
  • Saeedi, S., & Mighani, M. (2013). Interaction of Urban Life and Rural Life. Annals of the Faculty of Engineering Hunedoara, 11(3), 57-60.
  • Singh, G. K., & Siahpush, M. (2014). Widening rural–urban disparities in life expectancy, US, 1969–2009. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 46(2), e19-e29. https://doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2013.10.017
  • Switek, M. (2012). Life satisfaction in Latin America: A size-of-place analysis. Journal of Development Studies, 48(7), 983-999. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2012.658374
  • The World Bank. (2022). Urban population (% of total population). Erişim adresi: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS
  • TÜİK. (2023a). Adrese Dayalı Nüfus Kayıt Sistemi Sonuçları. Erişim adresi: https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=95&locale=tr
  • TÜİK. (2023b). Kent-kır sınıflamasına göre yerleşim yerleri. Erişim adresi: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Kent-Kir-Nufus-Istatistikleri-2022-49755#:~:text=3%20Kent%2Dk%C4%B1r-,s%C4%B1n%C4%B1flamas%C4%B1na,-g%C3%B6re%20yerle%C5%9Fim%20yerleri
  • TÜİK. (2023c). Tüketici Fiyat Endeksi. Erişim adresi: https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=84&locale=tr, erişim tarihi Haziran 2023.
  • Türkmen, A. C., & Hülya, Ş. (2022). Investigation of Factors Affecting Life Satisfaction of Individuals With Ordinal Regression Analysis. Researcher, 2(02), 57-72. https://doi.org/10.55185/researcher.1183751
  • UN. (2019). World Urbanization Prospects. Erişim adresi: https://population.un.org/wup/Publications/Files/WUP2018-Report.pdf
  • US Census Bureau. (2023, September 2023). Urban and Rural. Erişim adresi: https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/geography/guidance/geo-areas/urban-rural.html#:~:text=Rural%20encompasses%20all%20population%2C%20housing,and%2For%20population%20density%20requirements
  • Wang, S., Habes, M., & Li, M. (2022). Motivations influencing alipay users to participate in the ant forest campaign: an empirical study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(24), 17034. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192417034
  • Xu, R., Yue, W., Wei, F., Yang, G., Chen, Y., & Pan, K. (2022). Inequality of public facilities between urban and rural areas and its driving factors in ten cities of China. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 13244. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-17569-2
  • Yao, Y. L., & Jiang, L. (2021). Urbanization forces driving rural urban income disparity: Evidence from metropolitan areas in China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 312, 127748. https://doi.org/ARTN 12774810.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127748
  • Yaş, H. (2015). Yoksulluk ve Beklentilerin Gelir Düzeyi Bağlamında İrdelenmesi: Havsa İlçesi Örneği. Çağdaş Yerel Yönetimler Dergisi, 24(1), 55-73.
  • Yaş, H. (2018, Mart 24-25). Kırdan Kente Göçün Nedenlerinin Havsa Özelinde Belirlenmesi. IBANESS, Tekirdağ, Türkiye. (ss. 368-378).
  • Yaş, H., & Güler, T. (2016). Kır–Kent Ayrımı Görünümlerinin Havsa Örneğinde İncelenmesi. Öneri Dergisi, 12(46), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.14783/od.v12i46.1000010001
  • Yuan, G. (2015). Rural electrification goes local: recent innovations in renewable generation, energy efficiency, and grid modernization. IEEE Electrification Magazine, 3(1), 16-24. https://doi.10.1109/MELE.2014.2380193
  • Zhong, S., Wang, M., Zhu, Y., Chen, Z., & Huang, X. (2022). Urban expansion and the urban–rural income gap: Empirical evidence from China. Cities, 129, 103831. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2022.103831

Sosyodemografik Özelliklerin Yaşam Memnuniyeti Üzerindeki Belirleyiciliği: Havsa Özelinde Karşılaştırmalı Bir Analiz (2012–2022)

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 18 Sayı: 3, 780 - 804, 31.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.17218/hititsbd.1619606

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Havsa’nın sosyodemografik özellikleri ile nüfusun Havsa’da yaşamaktan duyduğu memnuniyet düzeyinin belirleyicilerinin incelenmesi ve 2012 yılındaki bulgularla karşılaştırılmasıdır. Bu amaca yönelik olarak hem sosyodemografik özellikler hem de farklı memnuniyet sorularına yönelik olarak betimleyici istatistik ve memnuniyet düzeyinin belirleyicilerini tespit etmeye yönelik lojistik regresyon analizleri uygulanmıştır. Analizlerde kullanılan bağımsız değişkenler, literatürde yer alan çalışmalar incelenerek seçilmeye çalışılmıştır. 2021 yılı sonu itibariyle kent merkezi ve köylerde toplamda 18.302 kişinin yaşadığı Havsa’da %5 hata payı ve %95 güven düzeyine göre asgari 377 kişilik bir örneklem seçilmesi gerekmektedir. 389 kişiye uygulanan bu anket çalışmasında, tıpkı 2012 yılında gerçekleştirilmiş olduğu gibi, 22 köy ve ilçe merkezinin nüfuslarına göre ağırlıklandırma yapılarak tabakalı örneklem yöntemi seçilmiştir. Gerçekleştirilen bu analizler neticesinde, çalışmanın en belirgin sonuçları arasında, Havsa ilçe halkının gelir düzeyinin asgari ücret düzeyinde olduğu, çalışma durumunda en yüksek oranın işçi olarak çalışanlarda gerçekleştiği, Havsa’da yaşamaktan memnun olanların oranının eğitim düzeyi azaldıkça arttığı, herhangi bir işte çalışmayanların görece az memnuniyet duyduğu; ancak, buna karşın, evlilerin bekârlara göre Havsa’da bulunmaktan daha çok memnuniyet duydukları tespit edilmiştir. 10 yıl öncesine göre bir karşılaştırma yapıldığında ise Havsa ilçe halkının gelir düzeyinin reel olarak özellikle kırsalda azalmış, çalışma durumunda en yüksek oran çiftçiden işçiye geçmiş ve Havsa’da yaşamaktan memnun olanların oranının düşmüş olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Söz konusu bulgular ışığında, nüfusun ama özellikle kırsal nüfusun azalmasının önüne geçebilmek adına eğitim düzeyinin yükseltilmesi, tarımsal gelirde artış gerçekleşmesi ve kırsal alanları destekleyen politikalar geliştirilmesi önerilebilir.

Etik Beyan

Bilimsel etik kurallarını ihlal etmediğimizi beyan ederiz.

Destekleyen Kurum

Trakya Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi

Proje Numarası

2022/119

Kaynakça

  • Balodis, D., & Pilvere, I. (2021). European Union Funding For Rural Development In Latvia. Economic Science for Rural Development Conference Proceedings. (ss.64-74). https://doi:10.22616/ESRD.2021.55.006
  • Benedetti, I., Laureti, T., & Regoli, A. (2020). The native-migrant gap in job satisfaction across european countries. International Journal of Manpower, 42(4), 604-627. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijm-09-2019-0432
  • Chen, L., & Shen, W. (2021). Spatiotemporal differentiation of urban-rural income disparity and its driving force in the Yangtze River Economic Belt during 2000-2017. Plos One, 16(2), Article e0245961. https://doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0245961
  • Cheung, A. C. (2021). How Should Education in Rural Areas be Reformed? Science Insights Education Frontiers, 9(1), 1113-1117. Erişim adresi: https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1306511
  • Choi, Y.-K., Joshanloo, M., Lee, J.-H., Lee, H.-S., Lee, H.-P., & Song, J. (2023). Understanding Key Predictors of Life Satisfaction in a Nationally Representative Sample of Koreans. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(18), 6745. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20186745
  • Chunmei, L., & Guiting, Z. (2014). Research on the relationship between level of rural human capital and urban-rural income gap. International Journal of u-and e-Service, Science and Technology, 7(2), 239-248. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijunesst.2014.7.2.22
  • Cramer, D., & Howitt, D.L. (2004). The SAGE Dictionary of Statistics: a practical resource for students in the social sciences, London: SAGE Publications.
  • Dumont, A. (2024). Changes in the U.S. Economy and Rural-Urban Employment Disparities. Federal Reserve. Erişim adresi: https://www.federalreserve.gov/econres/notes/feds-notes/changes-in-the-us-economy-and-rural-urban-employment-disparities-20240119.html, erişim tarihi 13 Mayıs 2024.
  • Ejaz, N., & Mallawaarachchi, T. (2023). Disparities in economic achievement across the rural–urban divide in Pakistan: Implications for development planning. Economic Analysis and Policy, 77, 487-512. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2022.11.023
  • Field, A., Miles, J., & Field, Z. (2012). Discovering statistics using R. SAGE Publications.
  • Gökyurt, F., Kındap, A., & Sarı, V. İ. (2015). Türkiye için yeni bir şehir tanımı gerekli mi. Çağdaş Yerel Yönetimler Dergisi, 24(1), 1-32.
  • Jarden, R., Joshanloo, M., Weijers, D., Sandham, M., & Jarden, A. (2022). Predictors of life satisfaction in new zealand: analysis of a national dataset. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(9), 5612. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095612
  • Keleş, R. (1998). Kentbilim Terimleri Sözlüğü. Ankara: İmge Kitabevi.
  • Kūle, L. (2014). Urban–rural interactions in Latvian changing policy and practice context. European Planning Studies, 22(4), 758-774. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2013.772785
  • Kurbatova, S., Aisner, L. Y., & Volkova, A. (2020). Urban ecology as a means of ensuring the ecological balance of modern cities. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/548/5/052075
  • Lanci, G. (2013). Translating cities: the use of digital technologies in urban environments. arXiv preprint arXiv:1305.0135. Erişim adresi: https://arxiv.org/abs/1305.0135
  • Leinsalu, M., Reile, R., & Stickley, A. (2019). Economic fluctuations and long-term trends in depression: a repeated cross-sectional study in Estonia 2004–2016. J Epidemiol Community Health, 73(11), 1026-1032. https://doi:10.1136/jech-2018-211939
  • Margareta, C. (2006). The Role of Women to the Development of Sustainable Rural Area in Romania. Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine. 64(2006), ISSN 1454-2382. https://doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-hort:2106
  • Marven, L. (2020). The City Anthology: Definition of a Type. Liverpool: Modern Languages Open.
  • Maunier, R. (1910). The definition of the city. American Journal of Sociology, 15(4), 536-548. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43545-022-00399-4
  • Paul, L. (2020). Rural Development in Romania–A Few Considerations. Studies in Business and Economics, 15(2), 165-174. https://doi.org/10.2478/sbe-2020-0032
  • Pocol, C. B. (2012). Rural-urban disparities in the north west region of Romania. Agricultural Management/Lucrari Stiintifice Seria I, Management Agricol, 14(1), 195-202.
  • Pu, X. (2019). An Overview of Research on the Definition and Formation of Cities. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 7(6), 252-256. https://doi:10.4236/jss.2019.76021
  • Rajani, N. B., Skianis, V., & Filippidis, F. T. (2019). Association of environmental and sociodemographic factors with life satisfaction in 27 European countries. BMC Public Health, 19, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-6886-y
  • Raosoft. (2004). Sample size calculator. Raosoft, Inc. Erişim adresi: http://www.raosoft.com/samplesize.html
  • Rozenblat, C. (2020). Extending the concept of city for delineating large urban regions (LUR) for the cities of the world. Cybergeo: European Journal of Geography. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202003.0213.v1
  • Saeedi, S., & Mighani, M. (2013). Interaction of Urban Life and Rural Life. Annals of the Faculty of Engineering Hunedoara, 11(3), 57-60.
  • Singh, G. K., & Siahpush, M. (2014). Widening rural–urban disparities in life expectancy, US, 1969–2009. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 46(2), e19-e29. https://doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2013.10.017
  • Switek, M. (2012). Life satisfaction in Latin America: A size-of-place analysis. Journal of Development Studies, 48(7), 983-999. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2012.658374
  • The World Bank. (2022). Urban population (% of total population). Erişim adresi: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS
  • TÜİK. (2023a). Adrese Dayalı Nüfus Kayıt Sistemi Sonuçları. Erişim adresi: https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=95&locale=tr
  • TÜİK. (2023b). Kent-kır sınıflamasına göre yerleşim yerleri. Erişim adresi: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Kent-Kir-Nufus-Istatistikleri-2022-49755#:~:text=3%20Kent%2Dk%C4%B1r-,s%C4%B1n%C4%B1flamas%C4%B1na,-g%C3%B6re%20yerle%C5%9Fim%20yerleri
  • TÜİK. (2023c). Tüketici Fiyat Endeksi. Erişim adresi: https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=84&locale=tr, erişim tarihi Haziran 2023.
  • Türkmen, A. C., & Hülya, Ş. (2022). Investigation of Factors Affecting Life Satisfaction of Individuals With Ordinal Regression Analysis. Researcher, 2(02), 57-72. https://doi.org/10.55185/researcher.1183751
  • UN. (2019). World Urbanization Prospects. Erişim adresi: https://population.un.org/wup/Publications/Files/WUP2018-Report.pdf
  • US Census Bureau. (2023, September 2023). Urban and Rural. Erişim adresi: https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/geography/guidance/geo-areas/urban-rural.html#:~:text=Rural%20encompasses%20all%20population%2C%20housing,and%2For%20population%20density%20requirements
  • Wang, S., Habes, M., & Li, M. (2022). Motivations influencing alipay users to participate in the ant forest campaign: an empirical study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(24), 17034. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192417034
  • Xu, R., Yue, W., Wei, F., Yang, G., Chen, Y., & Pan, K. (2022). Inequality of public facilities between urban and rural areas and its driving factors in ten cities of China. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 13244. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-17569-2
  • Yao, Y. L., & Jiang, L. (2021). Urbanization forces driving rural urban income disparity: Evidence from metropolitan areas in China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 312, 127748. https://doi.org/ARTN 12774810.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127748
  • Yaş, H. (2015). Yoksulluk ve Beklentilerin Gelir Düzeyi Bağlamında İrdelenmesi: Havsa İlçesi Örneği. Çağdaş Yerel Yönetimler Dergisi, 24(1), 55-73.
  • Yaş, H. (2018, Mart 24-25). Kırdan Kente Göçün Nedenlerinin Havsa Özelinde Belirlenmesi. IBANESS, Tekirdağ, Türkiye. (ss. 368-378).
  • Yaş, H., & Güler, T. (2016). Kır–Kent Ayrımı Görünümlerinin Havsa Örneğinde İncelenmesi. Öneri Dergisi, 12(46), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.14783/od.v12i46.1000010001
  • Yuan, G. (2015). Rural electrification goes local: recent innovations in renewable generation, energy efficiency, and grid modernization. IEEE Electrification Magazine, 3(1), 16-24. https://doi.10.1109/MELE.2014.2380193
  • Zhong, S., Wang, M., Zhu, Y., Chen, Z., & Huang, X. (2022). Urban expansion and the urban–rural income gap: Empirical evidence from China. Cities, 129, 103831. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2022.103831
Toplam 44 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Kentsel Politika
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Hakan Yaş 0000-0001-6686-1899

Sedef Zeyrekli Yaş 0000-0002-7165-5712

Talat Güler 0000-0002-6795-8673

Proje Numarası 2022/119
Gönderilme Tarihi 14 Ocak 2025
Kabul Tarihi 18 Haziran 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 18 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Yaş, H., Zeyrekli Yaş, S., & Güler, T. (2025). Sosyodemografik Özelliklerin Yaşam Memnuniyeti Üzerindeki Belirleyiciliği: Havsa Özelinde Karşılaştırmalı Bir Analiz (2012–2022). Hitit Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 18(3), 780-804. https://doi.org/10.17218/hititsbd.1619606
  Hitit Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi  Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı (CC BY NC) ile lisanslanmıştır.