Rediscovery and Neotypification of Festuca decolorata (Poaceae), an Endemic Species from Mount Uludağ (Türkiye) with Amended Species Description and Notes on Ecology, Distribution and Conservation

Yıl 2022, Sayı: 2, 17 - 26, 11.01.2023

Jelena Erdal , Gencer Yaprak , İbrahim Kaan Özgencil , Musa Dogan

https://doi.org/10.26650/HT.2022.1163386

Öz

Festuca decolorata Markgr.-Dann. is a rare, endemic species from Mount Uludağ in Bursa province, Türkiye. It was described in 1981 based on a single scant herbarium sheet. No other specimen has been recorded ever since, and the species remained known only from the holotype. While conducting the revision of the genus Festuca in Türkiye, we learned that the type specimen itself was no longer present in the collection where it was deposited. During our field surveys in Mount Uludağ, we discovered a small population of F. decolorata for the first time after the type gathering in 1968. Considering that there is no other existing original material on which the name was based, we assigned a neotype for the species. In addition, we performed a detailed examination of the new material and provided an amended taxonomic description and additional data about anatomy, micromorphology, phenology and ecology. We also estimated the species’ potential distribution area using soil wetness, soil type, and forest cover as environmental predictors, and we used the resulting distributional data to assess the Red List status of the species. We found that the species is in grave danger of extinction with a maximum distribution area of only 6.15 km2 and urgent conservation measures are needed to ensure its existence.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Neotype, IUCN Red List assessment, Critically Endangered, Poaceae

Uludağ'dan (Türkiye) endemik bir tür olan Festuca decolorata'nın (Poaceae) yeniden keşfi ve neotipifikasyonü, güncellenmiş tür tanımı ve ekolojisi, dağılımı ve korunması üzerine notlar

Öz

Festuca decolorata Markgr.-Dann. Türkiye’nin Bursa ilinde bulunan Uludağ’a özgü nadir, endemik bir türdür. 1981’de tek bir yetersiz herbarium örneğine göre tanımlanmış olup ve günümüze kadar holotip kaydı dışında kayıt alınmamıştır. Festuca cinsinin Türkiye revizyonu yapılırken tip örneğin artık depolandığı koleksiyonda bulunmadığı öğrenilmiştir. Uludağ’da gerçekleştirilen arazi çalışmaları sırasında, 1968’deki kayıttan sonra ilk kez küçük bir F. decolorata popülasyonu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, yeni materyallerin ayrıntılı incelemesi yapılmış ve düzeltilmiş bir taksonomik tanım hazırlanarak türün anatomisi, mikromorfolojisi, fenolojisi ve ekolojisi hakkında ek veriler sunulmuştur. Çevresel belirleyiciler olan toprak nemi, toprak türü ve orman örtüsü kullanılarak türün potansiyel dağılım alanı tahmin edilip ve elde edilen dağılım verileri, türün Kırmızı Liste durumunu değerlendirmek için kullanılmıştır. Maksimum dağılım alanı sadece 6.15 km2 olan türün ciddi bir yok olma tehlikesiyle karşı karşıya olduğu ve korunması için acil önlemlere ihtiyaç duyulduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Neotip, Poaceae, IUCN Kırmızı Liste değerlendirmesi, Kritik tehlikede

Kaynakça

• Angelov, G., & Bednarska, I., (2018). Isoenzyme variation and genetic affinities among five Festuca species of section Aulaxyper Dumort. Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Biology, 79, 29-37. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vlubs.2018.79.03 google scholar
• Barnosky, A. D., Matzke, N., Tomiya, S., Wogan, G. O. U., Swartz, B., Quental, T. B., Marshall, C., McGuire, J. L., Lindsey, E. L., Maguire, K. C., Mersey, B., & Ferrer, E. A. (2011). Has the Earth’s sixth mass extinction already arrived? Nature, 471(7336), 51-57. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09678 google scholar
• Chadwick, M. (1960). Nardus stricta L. Journal of Ecology, 48(1), 255267. https://doi.org/10.2307/2257324 google scholar
• Connor, H. E. (1998). Festuca (Poeae: Gramineae) in New Zealand I. Indigenous taxa. New Zealand Journal of Botany, 36(3), 329-367. https://doi.org/10.1080/0028825X.1998.9512574 google scholar
• Cotto, O., Wessely, J., Georges, D., Klonner, G., Schmid, M., Dullinger, S., Thuiller, W., & Guillaume, F. (2019). A dynamic eco-evolutionary model predicts slow response of alpine plants to climate warming. Nature Communications, 8(1), 1-9. https:// doi.org/10.1038/ncomms15399 google scholar
• Davis, P. H. (1965-1985). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, vol. 1-9. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. google scholar
• Devesa, J. A., Catalán, P., Müller, J., Cebolla, C., & Ortúñez, E. (2013). Checklist de Festuca L. (Poaceae) en la Península Ibérica. Lagacalia, 33, 183-274. Retrieved from https://www. researchgate.net/publication/268523874_Checklist_de_ Festuca_L_Poaceae_en_la_Peninsula_Iberica google scholar
• Dorjia, T., Hopping, K. A., Meng, F., Wang, S., Jiang, L., & Klein, A. J. (2020). Impacts of climate change on flowering phenology and production in alpine plants: The importance of end of flowering. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 291, 106795. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2019.106795 google scholar
• Dwire, K. A., Kauffman, J. B., & Baham, J. E. (2006). Plant species distribution in relation to water-table depth and soil redox potential in montane riparian meadows. Wetlands, 26(1), 131-146. https:// doi.org/10.1672/0277-5212(2006)26[131:PSDIRT]2.0.CO;2 google scholar
• Ekim, T., Koyuncu, M., Vural, M., Duman, H., Aytaç, Z., & Adigüzel, N. (2000). Türkiye bitkileri kırmızı kitabi (eğrelti ve tohumlu bitkiler) [Red Data Book of Turkish Plants (Pteridophyta and Spermatophyta)]. Ankara, Türkiye: Türkiye Tabiatını Koruma Derneği, Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi. google scholar
• Elith, J., & Leathwick, J. R. (2009). Species distribution models: ecological explanation and prediction across space and time. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 40, 677697. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.110308.120159 google scholar
• Esri (2018). ArcGIS Pro (Version 2.3.0). Esri Inc. Retrieved from https://www.esri.com/en-us/arcgis/products/arcgis-pro/ google scholar
• FAO, IUSS Working Group WRB. (2006). World reference base for soil resources 2006. World Soil Resources Reports No. 103. Rome: FAO. google scholar
• Gordo, O., & Sanz, J. J. (2010). Impact of climate change on plant phenology in Mediterranean ecosystems. Global Change Biology, 16, 1082-1106. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02084.x google scholar
• Güleryüz, G., Arslan, H., Gökçeoğlu, M., & Rehder, H. (1998). Vegetation Mosaic around the First Center of Tourism Development in the Uludag Mountain, Bursa, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Botany, 22(3), 317-326. Retrieved from: https:// journals.tubitak.gov.tr/botany/vol22/iss5/ google scholar
• IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee. (2022). Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 15. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. Retrieved from https://www.iucnredlist.org/ documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf. google scholar
• Kissling, W., Schnittler, M., Seddon, P., & Dickinson, K. (2004). Ecology and distribution of Nardus stricta L. - (Poaceae) an alien invader into New Zealand. New Zealand Natural Sciences, 29, 1-12. Retrieved from https://core.ac.uk/download/ pdf/326020285.pdf google scholar
• Markgraf-Dannenberg, I. (1981). The Genus Festuca (Gramineae) in Turkey: New Taxa and New Names. Willdenowia, 11(2), 201-210. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/3996008 google scholar
• Markgraf-Dannenberg, I. (1985). Festuca L. In: Davis, P. H. (Ed.). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, vol. 9 (ss 400-440). Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. google scholar
• Martinez-Sagarra, G., Abad, R, & Devesa, J. A. (2017). Study of the leaf anatomy in cross-section in the Iberian species of Festuca L. (Poaceae) and its systematic significance. PhytoKeys, 83, 43-74. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.83.13746 google scholar
• MacKenzie, D. I., Nichols, J. D., Royle, J. A., Pollock, K. H., Bailey, L., & Hines, J. E. (2017). Occupancy estimation and modeling: inferring patterns and dynamics of species occurrence. London, UK: Elsevier. google scholar
• Moeslund, J. E., Arge, L., B0cher, P. K., Dalgaard, T., Odgaard, M. V., Nygaard, B., & Svenning, J. C. (2013). Topographically controlled soil moisture is the primary driver of local vegetation patterns across a lowland region. Ecosphere, 4(7), 1-26. https://doi. org/10.1890/ES13-00134.1 google scholar
• Ortúñez, E. (2020). Festuca L. In: Castroviejo, S. (Ed.) Flora Iberica. Plantas vasculares de la Península Ibérica e Islas Baleares, vol. 19 (1) (ss 200-373). Madrid: Real Jardín Botánico. google scholar
• Ortúñez, E., & Fuente, V. (2010). Epidermal micromorphology of the genus Festuca L. (Poaceae) in the Iberian Peninsula. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 284, 201-218. https://doi. org/10.1007/s00606- 009-0248-7 google scholar
• R Core Team (2020). R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. Vienna, Austria. Retrieved from https://www.R-project.org/ google scholar
• Royal Botanical Gardens, Edinburgh (2017). Guide to collecting herbarium specimens in the field. Edinburgh, UK: Royal Botanical Gardens Edinburgh. google scholar
• Şekercioğlu, Ç. H., Anderson, S., Akçay, E., Bilgin, R., Can, Ö. E., Semiz, G., Tavşanoğlu, Ç., Yokeş, M. B., Soyumert, A., İpekdal, K., Sağlam, İ. K., Yücel, M., & Dalfesm, H. N. (2011). Turkey’s globally important biodiversity in crisis. Biological Conservation, 144(12), 2752-2769. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2011.06.025 google scholar
• Simpson, M. G. (2010). Plant systematics. 2nd ed. Academic Press. google scholar
• S0rensen, R., Zinko, U., & Seibert, J. (2006). On the calculation of the topographic wetness index: evaluation of different methods based on field observations. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 10, 101-112. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-10-101-2006 google scholar
• Stancík, D., & Peterson, P. (2007). A revision of Festuca (Poaceae: Loliinae) in South American paramos. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press. google scholar
• Tayanç, M., Im, U., Doğruel, M., & Karaca, M. (2009). Climate change in Turkey for the last half century. Climatic Change, 94, 483-502. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-008-9511-0 google scholar
• Title, P. O., & Bemmels, J. B. (2018). ENVIREM: an expanded set of bioclimatic and topographic variables increases flexibility and improves performance of ecological niche modeling. Ecography, 41(2), 291-307. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.02880 google scholar
• Turland, N. J., Wiersema, J. H., Barrie, F. R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D. L., Herendeen, P. S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.-H., Li, D.-Z., Marhold, K., May, T. W., McNeill, J., Monro, A. M., Prado, J., Price, M. J. & Smith, G. F. (eds.) (2018): International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum Vegetabile 159. Glashütten: Koeltz Botanical Books. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018 google scholar
• Tzvelev, N. N. (2006). Festuca L. In: Takhtadzhyan, A. L. (Ed.). Caucasian Flora Conspectus, vol. 2 (ss 310-317). St. Petersburg: Publishing House of St. Petersburg University. google scholar
• Tzvelev, N. N. (2010). On some species of the genus Festuca L. (Poaceae) of Russia. Botanika (Minsk), 39, 114-130. Retrieved from https://botany.by/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/botanika_39.pdf google scholar
• Williams, J. N., Seo, C., Thorne, J., Nelson, J. K., Erwin, S., O’Brien, J. M., & Schwartz, M. W. (2009). Using species distribution models to predict new occurrences for rare plants. Diversity and Distributions, 15(4), 565-576. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-4642.2009.00567.x google scholar