Alzheimer Hastalığının Gelişimsel Sürecinde ve Tedavisinde Potansiyel Öneme Sahip Tıbbi Bitkiler ve Fitokimyasallar

Abstract

Alzheimer hastalığı (AH), hafızada kayıplar ve bilişsel bozulma ile kendini gösteren, demansa neden olan nörodejeneratif bir hastalıktır. AH’nda gözlenen demansın şiddeti ve dolayısıyla başlangıcı, genetik ve çevresel faktörlere bağlı olarak bireyler ve toplumlar arasında farklılık göstermektedir. AH ve diğer nörodejeneratif hastalıklarla mücadelede çok yönlü terapötik stratejiler uygulanmasına rağmen, başarı sadece semptomatik tedavi ile sınırlıdır. AH’nın başlangıcını veya ilerlemesini erteleyebilecek terapötik müdahaleler, hastalığın prevalansının azaltılmasına önemli ölçüde katkı sağlayacaktır. Bu bağlamda, tarihsel süreçlerden bu yana hafızanın güçlendirilmesi ve demans gelişiminin engellenmesi ile ilgili diğer komplikasyonlar için tıbbi bitkilerden yararlanılmıştır. Yapılan çalışmalar, günümüzde de tıbbi bitkiler ve bunlardan elde edilen fitokimyasalların, AH’nın tedavisinde potansiyel öneme sahip olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Etki mekanizmaları tam olarak aydınlatılamamış olmasına rağmen; anti-enflamatuvar, anti-amiloidojenik, anti-kolinesteraz, hipolipidemik ve antioksidan etkiler dahil olmak üzere geniş farmakolojik aktivite yelpazesi ile, bitkilerin farklı kısımları içerdikleri polifenoller (flavonoitler, tanenler), lignanlar, triterpenler, steroller ve alkaloitler gibi birçok değerli fitokimyasal bileşikler sayesinde ilaç geliştirme çalışmaları için güçlü bir rezervuardır. Sunulan makalede, AH’nın seyrinin yavaşlatılmasında ve etkili tedavi stratejilerinin geliştirilmesinde farmakolojik alanda umut vaat eden çeşitli bitkiler ve bunlardan izole edilen fitokimyasallar, etki mekanizmaları ile birlikte derlenmiştir.

Keywords

• Alzheimer hastalığı
• bilişsel bozukluk
• Amyotrofik Lateral Skleroz
• fitokimyasallar
• tıbbi bitki

Medicinal Plants and Phytochemicals of Potential Importance in the Developmental Process and Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that causes dementia, characterized by decline in memory and cognitive impairment. The severity and onset of dementia observed in AD vary between individuals and populations, depending on genetic and environmental factors. Despite the application of versatile therapeutic strategies to overcome AD and other neurodegenerative diseases, success is only limited to symptomatic treatment. Therapeutic interventions that can delay the onset or progression of AD will significantly contribute to reduce the prevalence of the disease. In this respect, medicinal plants have been used for memory enhancement and other complications related to dementia since ancient times. Researches reveal that medicinal plants and phytochemicals obtained from them have potential importance in the treatment of AD. Although the mechanisms of action have not been completely elucidated; different parts of plants, containing many valuable phytochemical compounds such as lignans, flavonoids, tannins, polyphenols, triterpenes, sterols and alkaloids with a wide range of pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-amyloidogenic, anticholinesterase, hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects, are a potent resource for drug development studies. In the presented article, a variety of plants and phytochemicals, which shows promising effects in the pharmacological field for decreasing the progression of the disease and the development of effective treatment strategies for AD have been summarized with their mechanism of action.

Keywords

• Alzheimer
• cognitive impairment
• Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
• medicinal plants
• phytochemicals

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