Piperazine in Antitubercular Agents
Yıl 2024,
Cilt: 44 Sayı: 3, 275 - 288, 01.09.2024
Merve Zengin
,
Seyitcan Doğanel
,
Oya Ünsal Tan
Öz
Tuberculosis is a deadly, contagious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis strains has made the treatment of the disease challenging. Therefore, developing potent antitubercular compounds that can overcome drug resistance with low side effects is an urgent need. Piperazine is a cyclic structure composed of two methylene groups linked by two nitrogen atoms. In drugs approved by the FDA, the piperazine structure is one of the most commonly used heterocyclic rings. Piperazine and its derivatives are found in the structure of many compounds with various pharmacological effects. Rifampicin, ciprofloxacin, and ofloxacin are some antitubercular drugs that contain a piperazine structure. This review explores recent research on piperazine-based drugs for tuberculosis treatment and aims to foster the development of innovative antitubercular agents.
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Antitüberküler Bileşiklerde Piperazin Yapısı
Yıl 2024,
Cilt: 44 Sayı: 3, 275 - 288, 01.09.2024
Merve Zengin
,
Seyitcan Doğanel
,
Oya Ünsal Tan
Öz
Tüberküloz, Mycobacterium tuberculosis basilinin sebep olduğu öldürücü, bulaşıcı bir hastalıktır. Çoklu ilaca dirençli tüberküloz suşlarının ortaya çıkması hastalığın tedavisini zorlaştırmıştır. Bu nedenle ilaç direncinin üstesinden gelebilecek ve düşük yan etkili güçlü antitüberküler bileşiklerin geliştirilmesi acil bir ihtiyaçtır. Piperazin, iki adet azot atomu ile birbirine bağlı iki metilen grubundan oluşan bir siklik yapıdır. FDA tarafından onaylanan ilaçlarda piperazin yapısı en çok kullanılan heterosiklik halkalardan biridir. Piperazin ve türevleri, çeşitli farmakolojik etkilere sahip birçok bileşiğin yapısında yer almaktadır. Rifampisin, siprofloksasin ve ofloksasin yapısında piperazin taşıyan antitüberküler ilaçlardan bazılarıdır. Bu derleme, piperazin içeren antitüberküler ilaçlar üzerinde yapılan son araştırmaları gözden geçirmekte ve yenilikçi antitüberküler bileşiklerin tasarımına yardımcı olmayı amaçlamaktadır.
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2007;45(2):595-9. https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.01454-06
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https://doi.org/10.1007/s00062-018-0726-9
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Facile synthesis and antimycobacterial activity of isoniazid,
pyrazinamide and ciprofloxacin derivatives. Chem Biol Drug
Des. 2021;97(6):1137-50. https://doi.org/10.1111/cbdd.13836
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E, et al. Synthesis and Structure-Activity relationship
of 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)piperazine analogues as inhibitors
of Mycobacterium tuberculosis IMPDH. Eur J
Med Chem. 2019;174:309-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.
2019.04.027
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in Drug Design and Discovery. Mini-Rev Med Chem.
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W, Khan MF, et al. Piperazine scaffold: A remarkable
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Med Chem. 2015;102:487-529. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.
2015.07.026
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Diversity, Substitution Patterns, and Frequency of Nitrogen
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Med Chem. 2014;57(24):10257-74. https://doi.org/10.1021/
jm501100b
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G, Teodori E. Synthetic Approaches to Piperazine-Containing
Drugs Approved by FDA in the Period of 2011–2023. Molecules
[Internet]. 2024; 29(1). Available from: https://doi.
org/10.3390/molecules29010068.
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skeleton in the structural modification of natural products:
a review. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem. 2021;36(1):1165-97.
https://doi.org/10.1080/14756366.2021.1931861
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of enterobiasis. AMA Am J Dis Child. 1955;89(3):346-9.
doi:10.1001/archpedi.1955.02050110412013
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An Evolving Role of Aqueous Piperazine to Improve the
Solubility of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs. J
Pharm Sci. 2022;111(10):2839-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
xphs.2022.05.009
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R. An appraisal of anti-mycobacterial activity with
structure-activity relationship of piperazine and its analogues:
A review. Eur J Med Chem. 2021;210:112967. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112967
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treatment. Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi.
2014;71:207-16. https://doi.org/10.5505/TurkHijyen.
2014.35492
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Status and Future Prospects. Clin Chest Med. 2005;26(2):327-
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ilaçlar Antituberculosis drugs used in the treatment
of tuberculosis. Mersin Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi.
2023;3:525-42. https://doi.org/10.26559/mersinsbd.1213832
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YF, Mayer C, et al. A systematic review of gyrase mutations
associated with fluoroquinolone-resistant Mycobacterium
tuberculosis and a proposed gyrase numbering system.
J Antimicrob Chemother. 2012;67(4):819-31. https://doi.
org/10.1093/jac/dkr566
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J, Gin AS, et al. The new fluoroquinolones: A critical
review. Can J Infect Dis. 1999;10(3):207-38. https://doi.
org/10.1155/1999/378394
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and RBx 8700, new investigational oxazolidinones, against
Mycobacterium tuberculosis infected murine macrophages.
Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2005;25(6):464-8. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2005.01.021
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multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: past, present and future perspectives.
European Respiratory Review. 2019;28(152):190035.
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