Ruminantlarda Rumenin Önemi

Abstract

Çalışmada ruminantların rumenlerinin bu hayvanlar için ne kadar önemli olduğunu ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır. Ruminantlardan elde edilen süt ve et insanların beslenme kaynakları açısından oldukça önemlidir. Ruminantların ön midelerinden olan rumen ruminantlar için çok önemlidir. Fakat ruminantların doğduklarında rumenleri faaliyet gösterememektedir. Rumen içerisindeki mikroorganizmalar ile birlikte ruminantlar selüloz gibi maddeleri sindirebilirler. Rumen mikroorganizmaları tüm gıdaların sindirim faaliyetleri neticesinde ruminantların büyük ölçüde enerji ihtiyacını sağlayan Uçucu Yağ Asitlerine (UYA) dönüşürler. Ayrıca azot kaynakları da rumen mikroorganizmalarının faaliyetleri sonrasında mikrobiyel proteinlere dönüştürülmektedir. Rumen mikroorganizmaları B grubu vitaminleri de sentezleyerek ruminantların faydalanmasını sağlamaktadır. Rumen mikroorganizmaların yasayabilmeleri için rumenin içerisinin dengede kalması gerekir. Rumenin içerisinin sıcaklık, besin, pH gibi değerliliklerinin standart aralıklarda tutulmalıdır. Rasyonlarda bulunan yemlere ek olarak rasyona canlı mikroorganizmalar ve aromatik yağlar gibi katkı maddeleri eklemek rumen standartlarını sağlamaya yardımcı olur. Rumen içerisine yerleştirilen sensörlerle rumenin pH, sıcaklık gibi değerlerin anlık ölçümleri yapılabilmektedir. Böylece hayvanlar sürekli gözlem altında tutularak daha sağlıklı ve verimli yetiştirilmektedir.

Keywords

• Besleme
• Mikroorganizma
• Rumen
• Ruminant.

The Importance of the Rumen in Ruminants

Abstract

In this study, it is aimed to reveal how important the rumens of the ruminants are for these animals. Milk and meat obtained from ruminants are very important sources of nutrition. The rumen, which is the fore stomach of ruminants, is very important for ruminants. However, when ruminants are born, their rumens cannot function. Ruminants, along with the microorganisms in their rumen, can digest substances such as cellulose. As a result of the digestive activities of rumen microorganisms, all foods are transformed into Volatile Fatty Acids (VFA), which provide a large part of the energy needs of ruminants. In addition, nitrogen sources are converted into microbial proteins after the activities of rumen microorganisms. Rumen microorganisms also synthesize B group vitamins, enabling ruminants to benefit from them. In order for rumen microorganisms to survive, the inside of the rumen must remain in balance. The rumen's internal values such as temperature, nutrients and pH should be kept within standard ranges. In addition to the feeds in the rations, adding additives such as live microorganisms and aromatic oils to the ration helps to ensure rumen standards. Instant measurements of values such as rumen pH and temperature can be made with sensors placed inside the rumen. In this way, animals are kept under constant observation and are raised healthier and more efficiently.

Keywords

• Microorganism
• Nutrition
• Rumen
• Ruminant.

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