Kedilerde Periodontitis ile Azotemik Böbrek Hastalığının Arasındaki İlişkisinin Araştırılması

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, periodontal hastalığı (PD) bulunan kedilerde kronik böbrek hastalığı (KBH) gelişme riskini belirlemek ve PD şiddeti ile KBH riski arasındaki olası ilişkiyi değerlendirmektir. Çalışmaya, 2023–2024 yılları arasında iştahsızlık, aşırı salivasyon ve/veya halitozis şikâyetleri ile Küçük Hayvan Hastanesi’ne getirilen farklı ırk ve cinsiyetten toplam 76 kedi dahil edilmiştir. Periodontal hastalık klinik muayene, periodontal prob uygulaması ve intraoral radyografi ile teşhis edilmiş, ardından dört evrede sınıflandırılmıştır. Klinik bulgular, olguların %2,63’ünde hafif gingivitis (PD1), %76,3’ünde orta-ileri gingivitis (PD2–PD3) ve %21,05’inde gingivostomatitis (PD4) olduğunu göstermiştir; halitozis vakaların %15,7’sinde kaydedilmiştir. Örneklemin %59,2’sini Tekir (Domestic Shorthair) kediler oluşturmuş; kedilerin %35,5’i dişi, %64,5’i erkek bulunmuştur. Ortalama biyokimyasal değerler kan üre azotu 56,9 mg/dl, kreatinin 4,17 mg/dl, fosfor 10,8 mg/dl, total bilirubin 8,8 g/dl ve albümin 3,45 g/dl olarak saptanmıştır. İncelenen 76 kediden 7’sine (%9,2) KBH teşhisi konmuş, bunların beşi ilk olarak diş sağlığı sorunları ile kliniğe başvurmuştur. Elde edilen sonuçlar, ırk, yaş ve periodontal durumun kedilerde KBH gelişimi için potansiyel risk faktörleri olabileceğini düşündürmektedir. Ayrıca ileri PD evrelerinde KBH sıklığının arttığı gözlenmiş, bu da ağız ve diş sağlığının korunmasının kedilerde böbrek hastalıklarının önlenmesinde önemli rol oynayabileceğini ortaya koymuştur. Bulgular, düzenli diş muayenesi ve periodontal hastalığın zamanında tedavisinin kapsamlı koruyucu veteriner bakımın bir parçası olarak önemini desteklemektedir. Daha geniş ve çeşitli popülasyonlarda yapılacak uzunlamasına çalışmaların nedensel ilişkileri aydınlatması, riski nicel olarak belirlemesi ve etkili, kanıta dayalı koruyucu ve tedavi edici stratejiler geliştirmesi önerilmektedir.

Keywords

• Azotemi
• Diabetus Mellitus
• Kedi
• Kronik böbrek hastalığı
• Periodontal hastalık
• Sistititis

Investigation of the Relationship Between Periodontitis and Azotemic Kidney Disease in Cats

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the risk of developing chronic kidney disease (CKD) in cats with periodontal disease (PD) and to evaluate the possible relationship between PD severity and CKD risk. The study included 76 cats of various breeds and sexes presented to the Small Animal Hospital between 2023 and 2024 for anorexia, hypersalivation, and/or halitosis. Periodontal disease was diagnosed via clinical examination, periodontal probing, and intraoral radiography, then classified into four stages. Clinical findings showed mild gingivitis (PD1) in 2.63% of cases, moderate to severe gingivitis (PD2–PD3) in 76.3%, and gingivostomatitis (PD4) in 21.05%; halitosis was recorded in 15.7%. Domestic Shorthair cats (Tekir) constituted 59.2% of the sample; 35.5% were female and 64.5% male. Mean biochemical values were blood urea nitrogen 56.9 mg/dl, creatinine 4.17 mg/dl, phosphorus 10.8 mg/dl, total bilirubin 8.8 g/dl, and albumin 3.45 g/dl. Of the 76 cats, 7 (9.2%) were diagnosed with CKD; five of these had initially presented for dental complaints. The results suggest that breed, age, and periodontal status may be potential risk factors for CKD development in cats. Moreover, CKD prevalence increased with advanced PD stages, indicating that maintaining oral and dental health may play an important role in preventing renal disease in feline patients. These findings support routine dental assessment and timely management of periodontal disease as part of comprehensive feline preventive care. Further longitudinal studies with larger and more diverse populations are recommended to clarify causal relationships, quantify risk, and guide effective evidence-based preventive and therapeutic strategies.

Keywords

• Azotemia
• Cat
• Chronic kidney disease
• Cystitis
• Diabetes Mellitus
• Periodontal disease

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