Kongenital İntestinal Atrezili Buzağılarda Klinik, Hematolojik Ve Operatif Yaklaşımların Prospektif Olarak Değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Ruminantlarda kongenital anomali olgularıyla sıklıkla karşılaşıldığı ve bunların büyük bir bölümünü sindirim sistemi anomalilerinin oluşturduğu çeşitli araştırmacılar tarafından rapor edilmiştir. Kliniğimize getirilen ve çalışma kapsamına alınan 60 atresia koli’ li olguların preoperatif, intraoperatif ve postoperatif bulguları değerlendirilmiştir. Preoperatif laboratuvar analizleri kapsamında; buzağıların vena jugularisinden tam kan analizi amacıyla 2ml’lik EDTA’lı tüplere, kan gazları analizi için lityum heparin içeren kan gazı enjektörüne ve pıhtılaşma faktörleri (PT, APTT ve FİB) için 2 ml’lik sitratlı tüplere kan alınıp analiz edilmiştir. Analizler hemogram cihazı (Diatron Abacus Junior Vet 5), kan gazı cihazı (Irma Trupoint Kan Gazı Analizörü), koagulasyon cihazı(Bejing Precil 4 kanallı yarı otomatik koagülometre cihazı, Guanzgzhou) ile gerçekleştirildi. Elde edilen analiz sonuçları SPSS 22.0 istatistik programıyla değerlendirilmiş olup sağlıklı ve atresia koli’li buzağılar arasındaki farklılıklar Independent T- testi ile belirlenmiş, parametrelerin normal dağılım göstermemesi sebebiyle nonparametrik test olan Mann Whitney U testi ile değerlendirilmiştir. İstatistiksel en küçük anlamlılık düzeyi olarak p<0.05 kullanılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamına alınan 60 atresia koli’li buzağıların %78 inin erkek, %22 sinin dişi olduğu tespit edildi. Buzağıların %95 inin holstein, %5 inin montofon olduğu tespit edildi. Atresia koli’li 13 buzağıya kolostomi uygulanmıştır. Kolostomi operasyonu uygulanan 1 buzağı operasyon sırasında ölmüş, 3 buzağının 15 gün sonrasında yaşadığı ve geri kalan 9 buzağının postoperatif kısa sürede öldüğü tespit edilmiştir. Sağlıklı ve atresia koli’li buzağıların hematolojik, biyokimyasal ve koagulasyon parametreleriyle birlikte postoperatif hayatta kalma indeksleri değerlendirildiğinde; PT ve APTT’ nin uzadığı durumlarda DIC oluşabileceği buna bağlı olarakta anomalili buzağılarda mortaliteyi arttırarak prognozu ciddi anlamda etkilediği belirlenmiştir. Koagulasyon faktörlerinin preoperatif değerlendirilmesinin atresia koli’li buzağılarda prognostik olarak önemli olabileceği kanısına varılmıştır.

Keywords

• buzağı
• intestinal atrezi
• atresia coli
• kolostomi
• koagulasyon parametreleri

Project Number

This research was supported by Aydın Adnan Menderes University Scientific Research Projects Unit with project number VTF-23016.

Clinical, Hematological and Surgical Evaluation of Calves with Congenital Intestinal Atresia: A Prospective Study

Abstract

Congenital anomalies are frequently encountered in ruminants, and a substantial proportion of these abnormalities involve the digestive system. The present study aimed to prospectively evaluate the clinical, hematological, radiological, and surgical findings in calves diagnosed with congenital Atresia coli and to investigate the prognostic value of coagulation parameters. A total of 60 calves diagnosed with Atresia coli and presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Adnan Menderes University were included in the study. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein for hematological analysis, blood gas analysis, and coagulation profiling. Radiographic examinations were performed using both direct and contrast techniques to determine the location of intestinal obstruction. Surgical treatment consisted primarily of a lateral colostomy. Among the calves included in the study, 78% were male, and 22% were female. Breed distribution revealed that 95% of the animals were Holstein and 5% were Montbéliarde. Lateral colostomy was performed in 13 calves. One calf died during surgery, three calves survived for at least 15 days postoperatively, and the remaining animals died within a short postoperative period. Hematological and coagulation analyses demonstrated significant increases in leukocyte and neutrophil counts as well as prolonged prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT). These findings suggest that disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) may develop in calves with congenital intestinal atresia, leading to increased mortality.

Keywords

• Atresia coli calf
• coagulation parameters
• colostomy
• intestinal atresia

Project Number

This research was supported by Aydın Adnan Menderes University Scientific Research Projects Unit with project number VTF-23016.

References

1. Al-Ani, F. K., Khamas, W. A., Al-Qudah, K. M., & Al-Rawashdeh, O. (1998). Occurrence of congenital anomalies in Shami breed goats: 211 cases investigated in 19 herds. Small Ruminant Research, 28, 225-232. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-4488(97)00090-4.
2. Aslan, L., Karasu, A., Gençcelep, M., Bakır, B., & Alkan, İ. (2009). Ruminantlarda Konjenital Anorektal Anomali Olgularının Değerlendirilmesi. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 20(1), 31- 36. https://izlik.org/JA93JN33GP
3. Atalan, G., Özaydın, İ., Kılıç, E., Cihan, M., & Kamiloğlu, A. (2003). Buzağılarda intestinal atresia olguları ve operatif sağaltımları (54 olgu). Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 9(1), 113-118.
4. Azizi, S., Mohammadi, R., & Mohammadpour, I. (2010). Surgical repair and management of congenital intestinal atresia in 68 calves. Veterinary Surgery, 39, 115-120. DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950X.2009.00611.x.
5. Belge, A., Gönenci, R., Selçukbiricik, H., & Ormancı, S. (2000). Buzağılarda doğmasal anomali olguları. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(2), 23-26.
6. Carlson, G. P. (1990). Disease of the hematopoietic and hemolymphatic systems. In B. P. Smith (Ed.), Large animal internal medicine (pp. 1068-1126). Mosby.
7. Carraro, D. B., Dart, A. J., Hudson, N. P., Dart, C. M., & Hodgson, D. R. (1996). Surgical correction of anorectal atresia and rectovaginal fistula in an alpaca cria. Australian Veterinary Journal, 74(5), 352-354. DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.1996. tb15443.x.
8. Cho, D. Y., & Taylor, H. W. (1986). Blind and Atresia coli in two foals. Cornell Veterinarian, 76(1), 11-15.

9. Constable, P. D., Ring, D. M., Hull, B. L., Hoffsis, G. F., & Robertson, J. T. (1989). Atresia coli in calves: 26 cases (1977-1987). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 195, 118-123. PMID: 2759884.
10. Dalgliesh, R. J., Dimock, C. K., Hill, M. W. M., & Mellors, L. T. (1976). Babesia argentina: Disseminated intravascular coagulation in acute infections in splenectomized calves. Experimental Parasitology, 40, 124-131. Doi:10.1016/0014-4894(76)90074-6.
11. Dodds, W. J. (1989). Hemostasis. In J. Kaneko (Ed.), Clinical biochemistry of domestic animals (4th ed., pp. 310-313). Dreyfuss, D. J., & Tulleners, E. P. (1989). Intestinal atresia in calves: 22 cases (1978-1988). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 195, 508-513. PMID: 2777696.
12. Ducharme, N. G., Arighi, M., Horney, F. D., Barker, I. K., Livesey, M. A., Hurtig, M. H., & Johnson, R. P. (1988). Colonic atresia in cattle: A prospective study of 43 cases. Canadian Veterinary Journal, 29, 818-824. PMID: 17423141; PMCID: PMC1680890.
13. Fubini, S. L., & Ducharme, N. (2004). Farm animal surgery (1st ed., pp. 473-475). Saunders Elsevier. Furlanello, T., Fiorio, F., Caldin, M., Lubas, G., & Gallego- Solano, L. (2005).Clinicopathological findings in naturally occurring cases of babesiosis caused by large form Babesia from dogs of northeastern Italy. Veterinary Parasitology, 134, 77-85. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.07.016.
14. Ghanem, M. E., Yoshida, C., Nishibori, M., Nakao, T., & Yamashiro, H. (2005). A case of freemartin with atresia recti and ani in Japanese Black calf. Animal Reproduction Science, 85(3-4), 193-199. DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2004.04.044.
15. Gopegui, R. R., Penalba, B., Goicoa, A., Espada, Y., Fidalgo, E., & Espino, L. (2007). Clinico-pathological findings and coagulation disorders in 45 cases of canine babesiosis in Spain. The Veterinary Journal, 174, 129-132. DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2006.05.017.
16. Green, L. A., & Thomas, J. S. (1995). Hemostatic disorders, coagulopathies and thrombosis. In S. J. Ettinger & E. C. Feldman (Eds.), Textbook of veterinary internal medicine (pp. 1946-1963). W. B. Saunders.
17. Haller, J. A., Tepas, J. J., Pickard, L. R., & Shermeta, D. W. (1983). Intestinal atresia: Current concepts of pathogenesis, pathophysiology and operative management. The American Surgeon, 49, 385-391. PMID: 6614657.
18. Heuwieser, W., Kautni, J., Biesel, M., & Grunert, E. (1990). Coagulation profile of dairy cattle in the periparturient period. Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A, 37, 310-315. DOI: 10.1111/ j.1439-0442.1990.tb00870.x.
19. Hofmeyr, C. F. B. (1988). The digestive system. In F. W. Oehme (Ed.), Textbook of large animal surgery (2nd ed., pp. 399-500). Williams & Wilkins.
20. Hohenhaus, A. E. (2000). Feline coagulopathies. In World Congress Scientific Proceedings (pp. 197-199).
21. Hussain, S. A., Uppal, S. K., Sood, N. K., Randhawa, C. S., & Prabhakar, S. (2011). Clinical, haemato-biochemical findings and therapeutic management of peritonitis in cattle. Intas Polivet, 12(2), 283-289. doi/full/10.5555/20123092769.
22. Irmak, K., & Turgut, K. (2005). Disseminated intravascular coagulation in cattle with abomasal displacement. Veterinary Research Communications, 29(1), 61- 68. DOI: 10.1023/b:verc.0000046739.32115.eb.
23. Jain, N. C. (1993). Coagulation and its disorders. In Essentials of veterinary haematology (pp. 82-104). Lea & Febiger.
24. Johnson, R. (1986a). Intestinal atresia and stenosis: A review comparing its morphology. Veterinary Research Communications, 10, 105-111. DOI: 10.1007/ BF02213973.
25. Johnson, R. (1986b). Intestinal atresia and stenosis: A review comparing its etiopathogenesis. Veterinary Research Communications, 10, 95-104. DOI: 10.1007/BF02213972.
26. Karakurum, M. C., Albay, M. K., Şahinduran, Ş., & Sezer, K. (2009). Coagulation parameters in cattle with left displacement of abomasum. Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 15(2), 293-296. DOI:10.9775/kvfd.2009.012-A.
27. Kılıç, N., & Kibar, B. (2018). Konjenital intestinal atrezili buzağılarda bazı hematolojik parametreler ile serum kardiyak belirteçlerin düzeyinin araştırılması. Fırat Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Veteriner Dergisi, 32(2), 81-86.
28. Kılıç, N., & Sarıerler, M. (2004). Congenital intestinal atresia in calves: 61 cases (1999-2003). Revue de Médecine Vétérinaire, 155(7), 381-384.
29. Koç, Y., Alkan, F., Ceylan, C., & Birdane, F. M. (2001). Atresia koli’li 22 buzağıda klinik ve operatif yaklaşımların değerlendirilmesi. Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi, 17(1), 27-34.
30. Lotfi, A., & Shahryar, H. A. (2009). The case report of taillessness in Iranian female calf (A congenital abnormality). Asian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 4(1), 47-51. DOI: 10.3923/ ajava.2009.47.51.
31. Loynachan, A. T., Jackson, C. B., & Harrison, L. R. (2006). Complete diphallia, imperforate ani (type 2 atresia ani), and an accessory scrotum in a 5-day-old calf. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 18(4), 408-412. DOI: 10.1177/104063870601800418.
32. Magda, M. A., & Youssef, H. A. (2007). Surgical management of congenital malformations in ruminants. Retrieved December 16, 2017, from http://www. priory.com/vet/congenital_malformations_ ruminants.htm
33. Mangurten, H. H. (1973). Hemorrhagic disease due to vitamin K deficiency in a premature infant: A syndrome which may resemble disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Clinical Pediatrics, 12(6), 372-375. PMID: 4196842.
34. Martens, A., Gasthuys, F., Steenhaut, M., & De Moor, A. (1995). Surgical aspect of intestinal atresia in 58 calves. Veterinary Record, 136, 141-144.
35. Meylan, M. (2008). Surgery of the bovine large intestine. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, 24, 479-496. DOI: 10.1016/j. cvfa.2008.06.002.
36. Newman, S. J., Bailey, T. L., Jones, J. C., Digrassie, W. A., & Whittier, W. D. (1999). Multiple congenital anomalies in a calf. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 11(4), 368-371. DOI: 10.1177/104063879901100414.
37. Prassinos, N. N., Papazoglou, L. G., Adamama-Moraitou, K. K., Galatos, A. D., Gouletsou, P., & Rallis, T. S. (2003). Congenital anorectal abnormalities in six dogs. Veterinary Record, 153(3), 81-85. DOI: 10.1136/vr.153.3.81.
38. Radostits, O. M., Gay, C. C., Arundel, J. H., Blood, D. C., & Hinchcliff, K. W. (2000).Veterinary medicine (9th ed., pp. 182-183, 259-346). Baillière Tindall.
39. Rahal, S. C., Vicente, C. S., Mortari, A. C., Mamprim, M. J., & Caporalli, E. H. (2007). Rectovaginal fistula with anal atresia in five dogs. Canadian Veterinary Journal, 48(8), 827-830. PMID: 17824325; PMCID: PMC1914316.
40. Rescorla, F. J., & Grosfeld, J. L. (1985). Intestinal atresia and stenosis: Analysis of survival in 120 cases. Surgery, 98(4), 668-669. PMID: 4049243.
41. Robinson, J. T. (1979). Differential diagnosis and surgical management of intestinal obstruction in cattle. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Large Animal Practice, 1, 377-394.
42. Saperstein, G. (1993). Congenital abnormalities of internal organs and body cavities. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, 9, 115-124. DOI: 10.1016/s0749-0720(15)30676-9.
43. Singh, T., Gopinathan, A., Singh, K., & Pawde, A. M. (2003). Treatment of atresia ani and rectovaginal fistula in a lamb: A case report. Veterinary Practitioner, 4(2), 86.
44. Smith, D. F., Ducharme, N. G., Fubini, S. L., Donawick, W. J., & Erb, H. N. (1991). Clinical management and surgical repair of Atresia coli in calves: 66 cases (1977-1988). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 199(9), 1185-1190. PMID: 1752773.
45. Sobiech, P., Radwińska, J., Krystki-Sobiechewicz, W., Snarska, A., & Stopyra, A. (2008). Changes in the coagulation profile of cattle with left abomasal displacement. Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 11(4), 301-306. PMID: 19227127.
46. Syed, M., & Shanks, R. D. (1992a). Incidence of Atresia coli and relationships among affected calves born in one herd of Holstein cattle. Journal of Dairy Science, 75(5), 1357-1364. DOI: 10.3168/jds. S0022-0302(92)77887-4.
47. Syed, M., & Shanks, R. D. (1992b). Atresia coli inherited in Holstein cattle. Journal of Dairy Science, 75(4), 1105-1111. DOI: 10.3168/jds.S0022- 0302(92)77855-2.
48. Turgut, K., & Irmak, K. (2011). Evaluation of coagulation profiles in spontaneous premature calves with respiratory distress syndrome. Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 17(2), 197-201. doi/ pdf/10.5555/20113091472.
49. Van der Gaag, I., & Tibboel, D. (1980). Intestinal atresia and stenosis in animals: A report of 34 cases. Veterinary Pathology, 17(5), 565-574. DOI: 10.1177/030098588001700505.
50. Young, A. L., Unford, R. L., & Olander, H. J. (1992). Atresia coli in the foal: A review of six cases. Equine Veterinary Journal, 24(1), 60-62. DOI: 10.1111/ j.2042-3306.1992.tb02781.x.
51. Zade, P. R., Manjulkar, G. P., & Rathod, S. U. (2007). Atresia ani with rectovaginal fistula in a kid. The North- East Veterinarian, 7(3), 14.