Tarımsal Yan Ürün Altlıklarında Yetiştirilen Etlik Piliçlerde Organa Özgü Oksidatif Yanıtlar

Abstract

Etlik piliç üretiminde odun talaşına alternatif olarak tarımsal yan ürünlerin kullanımı, daha düşük maliyet ve daha kolay bulunabilirlik nedeniyle artmaktadır. Ancak çoğu çalışma performans ve refah üzerine odaklansa da hayvan performansı, refahı ve hastalıklara karşı direncini düzenlemede merkezi bir rol oynayan oksidatif metabolizmaya ilişkin kanıtlar sınırlı kalmaktadır. Bu çalışma, alternatif altlık materyallerinin etlik piliçlerin iç organlarındaki oksidatif metabolizma üzerindeki etkilerini değerlendirdi. Toplam 480 adet erkek Ross 308 etlik piliç (Gallus gallus domesticus) altlık tiplerine göre 5 gruba ayrıldı (n=96): odun talaşı (kontrol), pirinç kavuzu, buğday samanı, mısır sapı ve pamuk sapı. Çalışmanın 42. gününde, her gruptan 16 piliç ötanazi edildi ve kalp, karaciğer, timus ile bursa Fabricius organları alındı. Oksidatif hasarın bir göstergesi olan malondialdehit seviyelerinin yanı sıra enzimatik antioksidan katalaz ve enzimatik olmayan antioksidan glutatyonun protein düzeyleri spektrofotometrik olarak ölçüldü. Altlık tipinin, dokular üzerinde genel bir etkiden ziyade, organa özgü değişiklikler yarattığı görüldü. Kalpte, mısır sapı grubunda malondialdehit seviyeleri önemli ölçüde daha yüksekken, antioksidan parametreler değişiklik göstermedi. Timusta ise pirinç kavuzu, malondialdehit seviyelerini ve katalaz aktivitesini birlikte arttırdı. Mevcut bulgular, alternatif altlık materyallerinin seçilen oksidatif biyobelirteçlerde organa özgü değişikliklerle ilişkili olabileceğini; diğerlerinin ise bu çalışmanın koşulları altında odun talaşıyla karşılaştırılabilir profiller sergilediğini göstermektedir.

Keywords

• antioksidan
• bitki kalıntıları
• çevresel faktörler
• malondialdehit
• oksidatif stres

Supporting Institution

Yazarlar araştırma için herhangi bir finansal destek almamıştır.

Ethical Statement

Aydın Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Hayvan Deneyleri Yerel Etik Kurulu'ndan etik onay alınmıştır (Kurul Karar No: 64583101/2025/072, 2025 V. Oturum, Tarih: 22.05.2025).

Thanks

Bu raporun hazırlanmasında ARRIVE (Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments) kontrol listesi takip edilmiştir (Percie du Sert ve ark., 2020). Yazarlar, çalışmanın deneysel aşamasına yaptığı katkılar ve istatistiksel analizlerdeki desteği için Doç. Dr. Mehmet Kaya'ya ve deneysel çalışmaların yürütülmesindeki yardımları için Prof. Dr. Evrim Dereli Fidan'a teşekkür eder. Yazarlar, dil iyileştirmesi amacıyla ChatGPT (OpenAI, GPT-5.4 Thinking) ve Gemini (Google, 3 Pro) kullanmıştır.

Organ-Specific Oxidative Responses in Broilers Reared on Agricultural By-Product Litters

Abstract

The use of agricultural by-products as alternatives to wood shavings in poultry production is increasing due to lower cost and easier availability. However, although most studies focus on performance and welfare, evidence regarding oxidative status, which plays a central role in regulating animal performance, welfare, and disease resilience, remains limited. This study evaluated the effects of alternative litter materials on oxidative status in broiler internal organs. A total of 480 male Ross 308 broilers (Gallus gallus domesticus) were assigned to five litter treatments (n=96): wood shavings (control), rice husk, wheat straw, corn stalk, and cotton stalk. On day 42, 16 broilers per group were euthanised, and the heart, liver, thymus, and bursa of Fabricius were collected. Tissue malondialdehyde, an indicator of oxidative damage, along with the enzymatic antioxidant catalase and the non-enzymatic antioxidant glutathione, were measured spectrophotometrically. Litter type was associated with organ-specific changes in selected oxidative and antioxidant biomarkers rather than a generalized pattern across tissues. In heart tissue, malondialdehyde levels were significantly higher in the corn stalk group, while antioxidant parameters remained unchanged. In the thymus, rice husk increased malondialdehyde levels together with catalase activity. In conclusion, the present findings suggest that certain alternative litter materials may be associated with organ-specific changes in selected oxidative and antioxidant biomarkers, while others show profiles comparable to wood shavings under the conditions of this study.

Keywords

• Antioxidants
• housing
• malondialdehyde
• oxidative stress
• plant residues

Supporting Institution

The authors received no financial support for the research.

Ethical Statement

The study was approved by the Aydin Adnan Menderes University Animal Experiments Local Ethics Committee (committee decision no: 64583101/2025/072, 2025 V. session, date: 22.05.2025).

Thanks

The ARRIVE (Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments) checklist was applied in the preparation of this report (Percie du Sert et al., 2020). The authors gratefully acknowledge Assoc. Prof. Mehmet Kaya for his contributions to the experimental phase of the study and his support with the statistical analyses, and Prof. Evrim Dereli Fidan for her assistance in conducting the experimental work. The authors used ChatGPT (OpenAI, GPT-5.4 Thinking) and Gemini (Google, 3 Pro) for language improvement.

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