Experimental Investigation on the Tensile Behavior of MWCNT – Nano Silica Epoxy Hybrid Nanocomposites
Yıl 2024,
Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 61 - 68
Ahmet Kayalar
,
Nurettin Furkan Doğan
Öz
This study aimed to investigate the mechanical properties of epoxy nanocomposites filled with single and binary combination of multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-nano silica (NS) nanoparticles. The epoxy nanocomposites were produced using the mold casting method, and different filler ratios were employed to create nanocomposite samples. For the single particle-filled samples, filler ratios of 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 wt.% for MWCNT and 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 wt.% for NS were used. Additionally, hybrid samples were produced using filler ratios of 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3 (MWCNT: NS). The tensile test results indicated notable enhancements in the tensile behavior of the nanocomposite, attributed to the integration of nanoparticles into the epoxy matrix. Particularly, tensile strength values improved by 28.35% and 21.25% in C3 (0.5 wt.% MWCNT) and S2 (1.0 wt.% NS) composite samples compared to the pure sample, respectively. Additionally, the hybrid nanoparticle-filled composite samples introduced a synergistic effect on the tensile behavior of the nanocomposite. Especially, the hybrid sample H1 (1:1) showed the maximum enhancement in tensile strength by 44.26%. Significant improvements were also observed in tensile strain values. Compared to the control sample, the maximum improvement was recorded as 143% in the H2 hybrid sample (1:2).
Etik Beyan
This material has not been published in whole or in part elsewhere. The article has not yet been submitted to another journal for publication. All authors have personally and actively participated in the writing and preparation of this article, and all authors and each author individually will be held responsible for its content.
Destekleyen Kurum
Gaziantep University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit
Proje Numarası
MF.YLT.23.12
Teşekkür
This work is supported by Gaziantep University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit under Research Project (project no:MF.YLT.23.12).
Kaynakça
- 1. Bakhtiar, N.S.A.A., H.M. Akil, M.R. Zakaria, M.H.A. Kudus and M.B.H. Othman, New generation of hybrid filler for producing epoxy nanocomposites with improved mechanical properties. Materials & Design, 2016. 91: p. 46–52.
- 2. Johnsen, B.B., A.J. Kinloch, R.D. Mohammed, A.C. Taylor and S. Sprenger, Toughening mechanisms of nanoparticle-modified epoxy polymers. Polymer, 2007. 48(2): p. 530–541.
- 3. Doğan, N.F., Z.A. Oğuz and A. Erkliğ, An experimental study on the hydrothermal aging effect on the free vibration properties of hybrid aramid/glass/epoxy composites: Comparison of sea water and distilled water. Polymer Composites, 2023. 44(10): p. 6902-6912.
- 4. Nezhad, H.Y. and V.K. Thakur, Effect of Morphological Changes due to Increasing Carbon Nanoparticles Content on the Quasi-Static Mechanical Response of Epoxy Resin. Polymers, 2018. 10(10): 1106.
- 5. Erkliğ, A. and N.F. Doğan, Nanographene inclusion effect on the mechanical and low velocity impact response of glass/basalt reinforced epoxy hybrid nanocomposites. Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, 2020. 42(2): p. 83.
- 6. Doǧan, N.F., M. Bulut, A. Erkliǧ and O.Y. Bozkurt, Mechanical and low velocity impact characterization of carbon/glass hybrid composites with graphene nanoplatelets. Materials Research Express, 2019. 6(8): 085304.
- 7. Baller, J., N. Becker, M. Ziehmer, M. Thomassey, B. Zielinski, U. Müller and R. Sanctuary, Interactions between silica nanoparticles and an epoxy resin before and during network formation. Polymer, 2009. 50(14): p. 3211–3219.
- 8. Özbek, Ö., N.F. Doğan, Ö.Y. Bozkurt and A. Erkliğ, Assessment of nanoclay impact on buckling response of carbon/Kevlar hybrid composites. Polymer Composites, 2023. 44(2): p. 1421–1429.
- 9. Küçükdoğan Öztürk, N., Synergistic effect of h-BN on thermal conductivity of polymer composites. International Advanced Researches and Engineering Journal, 2022. 6(3): p. 161–166.
- 10. Şimşek, İ., D. Şimşek and D. Özyürek, The effect of different sliding speeds on wear behavior of ZrO2 reinforcement aluminium matrix composite materials. International Advanced Researches and Engineering Journal, 2020. 4(1): p. 1–7.
- 11. Doğan, N.F. and A. Erkliğ, On the effect of nano particle inclusion in fiber reinforced composite tensile and flexural behavior. International Advanced Researches and Engineering Journal, 2018. 2(23): p. 240–244.
- 12. Seloğlu, M., H. Tanyildizi and M.E. Öncü, An investigation of the strength properties of fly ash and metakaolin-based geopolymer mortars containing multi-wall carbon nanotube, nano silica, and nano zinc. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 2023. 12(3): p. 842–852.
- 13. Zappalorto, M., A. Pontefisso, A. Fabrizi and M. Quaresimin, Mechanical behaviour of epoxy/silica nanocomposites: Experiments and modelling. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 2015. 72: p. 58–64.
- 14. Kumar Singh, S., A. Kumar and A. Jain, Improving tensile and flexural properties of SiO2-epoxy polymer nanocomposite. Materials Today: Proceedings, 2018. 5(2): p. 6339–6344.
- 15. Kaybal, H.B., H. Ulus, O. Demir, A.C. Tatar and A. Avcı, Investigations on the mechanical properties of the nano SiO2 epoxy nanocomposite. Applied Engineering Letters, 2017. 2(4): p. 121–124.
- 16. Chen, C., R.S. Justice, D.W. Schaefer and J.W. Baur, Highly dispersed nanosilica–epoxy resins with enhanced mechanical properties. Polymer, 2008. 49(17): p. 3805–3815.
- 17. Shafiq, A., I. Khan, G. Rasool, E.-S.M. Sherif and A.H. Sheikh, Influence of Single- and Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes on Magnetohydrodynamic Stagnation Point Nanofluid Flow over Variable Thicker Surface with Concave and Convex Effects. Mathematics, 2020. 8(1): p. 104.
- 18. Bansal, S.A., V. Khanna, Twinkle, A.P. Singh and S. Kumar, Small percentage reinforcement of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in epoxy(bisphenol-A) for enhanced mechanical performance. Materials Today: Proceedings, 2022. 61: p. 275–279.
- 19. Gantayat, S., D. Rout and S.K. Swain, Mechanical properties of functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube/epoxy nanocomposites. Materials Today: Proceedings, 2017. 4(2): p. 4061–4064.
- 20. Montazeri, A., J. Javadpour, A. Khavandi, A. Tcharkhtchi and A. Mohajeri, Mechanical properties of multi-walled carbon nanotube/epoxy composites. Materials & Design, 2010. 31(9): p. 4202–4208.
- 21. Montazeri, A. and N. Montazeri, Viscoelastic and mechanical properties of multi walled carbon nanotube/epoxy composites with different nanotube content. Materials & Design, 2011. 32(4): p. 2301–2307.
- 22. Salman, K.D., S.A. Aziez and A.H. Alwan, Effect of single walled carbon nanotubes on mechanical properties of nanocomposites. Journal of Mechanical Engineering Research and Developments, 2020. 43(3): p. 144–153.
- 23. Gojny, F., M. Wichmann, B. Fiedler and K. Schulte, Influence of different carbon nanotubes on the mechanical properties of epoxy matrix composites – A comparative study. Composites Science and Technology, 2005. 65(15–16): p. 2300–2313.
- 24. Ismail, H., A.F. Ramly and N. Othman, Effects of silica/multiwall carbon nanotube hybrid fillers on the properties of natural rubber nanocomposites. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2013. 128(4): p. 2433–2438.
- 25. Jia, X., B. Liu, L. Huang, D. Hui and X. Yang, Numerical analysis of synergistic reinforcing effect of silica nanoparticle–MWCNT hybrid on epoxy-based composites. Composites Part B: Engineering, 2013. 54: p. 133–137.
- 26. Cakir, M.V. and D. Kinay, MWCNT, nano‐silica, and nano‐clay additives effects on adhesion performance of dissimilar materials bonded joints. Polymer Composites, 2021. 42(11): p. 5880–5892.
- 27. Rahmanian, S., A.R. Suraya, B. Roshanravan, R.N. Othman, A.H. Nasser, R. Zahari and E.S. Zainudin, The influence of multiscale fillers on the rheological and mechanical properties of carbon-nanotube–silica-reinforced epoxy composite. Materials & Design, 2015. 88: p. 227–235.
- 28. Özbek, Ö. and M.V. Çakır, MWCNT and nano-silica hybrids effect on mechanical and fracture characterization of single lap joints of GFRP plates. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 2022. 117: 103159.
- 29. Çakır, M.V., The synergistic effect of hybrid nano-silica and GNP additives on the flexural strength and toughening mechanisms of adhesively bonded joints. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 2023. 122: 103333.
- 30. Agwa, M., S.M. Youssef, S.S. Ali-Eldin and M. Megahed, Integrated vacuum assisted resin infusion and resin transfer molding technique for manufacturing of nano-filled glass fiber reinforced epoxy composite. Journal of Industrial Textiles, 2022. 51(3_suppl): p. 5113S-5144S.
- 31. Tehrani, M., A.Y. Boroujeni, T.B. Hartman, T.P. Haugh, S.W. Case and M.S. Al-Haik, Mechanical characterization and impact damage assessment of a woven carbon fiber reinforced carbon nanotube–epoxy composite. Composites Science and Technology, 2013. 75: p. 42–48.
- 32. Ayatollahi, M.R., A. Nemati Giv, N. Razavi and H. Khoramishad, Mechanical properties of adhesively single lap-bonded joints reinforced with multi-walled carbon nanotubes and silica nanoparticles. The Journal of Adhesion, 2017. 93(11): p. 896–913.
- 33. Bulut, M., Mechanical characterization of Basalt/epoxy composite laminates containing graphene nanopellets. Composites Part B: Engineering, 2017. 122: p. 71–78.
- 34. Shen, M.-Y., W.-Y. Liao, T.-Q. Wang and W.-M. Lai, Characteristics and Mechanical Properties of Graphene Nanoplatelets-Reinforced Epoxy Nanocomposites: Comparison of Different Dispersal Mechanisms. Sustainability, 2021. 13(4): p. 1788.
- 35. Razavi, N., M.R. Ayatollahi, A. Nemati Giv and H. Khoramishad, Single lap joints bonded with structural adhesives reinforced with a mixture of silica nanoparticles and multi walled carbon nanotubes. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 2018. 80: p. 76–86.
Yıl 2024,
Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 61 - 68
Ahmet Kayalar
,
Nurettin Furkan Doğan
Proje Numarası
MF.YLT.23.12
Kaynakça
- 1. Bakhtiar, N.S.A.A., H.M. Akil, M.R. Zakaria, M.H.A. Kudus and M.B.H. Othman, New generation of hybrid filler for producing epoxy nanocomposites with improved mechanical properties. Materials & Design, 2016. 91: p. 46–52.
- 2. Johnsen, B.B., A.J. Kinloch, R.D. Mohammed, A.C. Taylor and S. Sprenger, Toughening mechanisms of nanoparticle-modified epoxy polymers. Polymer, 2007. 48(2): p. 530–541.
- 3. Doğan, N.F., Z.A. Oğuz and A. Erkliğ, An experimental study on the hydrothermal aging effect on the free vibration properties of hybrid aramid/glass/epoxy composites: Comparison of sea water and distilled water. Polymer Composites, 2023. 44(10): p. 6902-6912.
- 4. Nezhad, H.Y. and V.K. Thakur, Effect of Morphological Changes due to Increasing Carbon Nanoparticles Content on the Quasi-Static Mechanical Response of Epoxy Resin. Polymers, 2018. 10(10): 1106.
- 5. Erkliğ, A. and N.F. Doğan, Nanographene inclusion effect on the mechanical and low velocity impact response of glass/basalt reinforced epoxy hybrid nanocomposites. Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, 2020. 42(2): p. 83.
- 6. Doǧan, N.F., M. Bulut, A. Erkliǧ and O.Y. Bozkurt, Mechanical and low velocity impact characterization of carbon/glass hybrid composites with graphene nanoplatelets. Materials Research Express, 2019. 6(8): 085304.
- 7. Baller, J., N. Becker, M. Ziehmer, M. Thomassey, B. Zielinski, U. Müller and R. Sanctuary, Interactions between silica nanoparticles and an epoxy resin before and during network formation. Polymer, 2009. 50(14): p. 3211–3219.
- 8. Özbek, Ö., N.F. Doğan, Ö.Y. Bozkurt and A. Erkliğ, Assessment of nanoclay impact on buckling response of carbon/Kevlar hybrid composites. Polymer Composites, 2023. 44(2): p. 1421–1429.
- 9. Küçükdoğan Öztürk, N., Synergistic effect of h-BN on thermal conductivity of polymer composites. International Advanced Researches and Engineering Journal, 2022. 6(3): p. 161–166.
- 10. Şimşek, İ., D. Şimşek and D. Özyürek, The effect of different sliding speeds on wear behavior of ZrO2 reinforcement aluminium matrix composite materials. International Advanced Researches and Engineering Journal, 2020. 4(1): p. 1–7.
- 11. Doğan, N.F. and A. Erkliğ, On the effect of nano particle inclusion in fiber reinforced composite tensile and flexural behavior. International Advanced Researches and Engineering Journal, 2018. 2(23): p. 240–244.
- 12. Seloğlu, M., H. Tanyildizi and M.E. Öncü, An investigation of the strength properties of fly ash and metakaolin-based geopolymer mortars containing multi-wall carbon nanotube, nano silica, and nano zinc. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 2023. 12(3): p. 842–852.
- 13. Zappalorto, M., A. Pontefisso, A. Fabrizi and M. Quaresimin, Mechanical behaviour of epoxy/silica nanocomposites: Experiments and modelling. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 2015. 72: p. 58–64.
- 14. Kumar Singh, S., A. Kumar and A. Jain, Improving tensile and flexural properties of SiO2-epoxy polymer nanocomposite. Materials Today: Proceedings, 2018. 5(2): p. 6339–6344.
- 15. Kaybal, H.B., H. Ulus, O. Demir, A.C. Tatar and A. Avcı, Investigations on the mechanical properties of the nano SiO2 epoxy nanocomposite. Applied Engineering Letters, 2017. 2(4): p. 121–124.
- 16. Chen, C., R.S. Justice, D.W. Schaefer and J.W. Baur, Highly dispersed nanosilica–epoxy resins with enhanced mechanical properties. Polymer, 2008. 49(17): p. 3805–3815.
- 17. Shafiq, A., I. Khan, G. Rasool, E.-S.M. Sherif and A.H. Sheikh, Influence of Single- and Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes on Magnetohydrodynamic Stagnation Point Nanofluid Flow over Variable Thicker Surface with Concave and Convex Effects. Mathematics, 2020. 8(1): p. 104.
- 18. Bansal, S.A., V. Khanna, Twinkle, A.P. Singh and S. Kumar, Small percentage reinforcement of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in epoxy(bisphenol-A) for enhanced mechanical performance. Materials Today: Proceedings, 2022. 61: p. 275–279.
- 19. Gantayat, S., D. Rout and S.K. Swain, Mechanical properties of functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube/epoxy nanocomposites. Materials Today: Proceedings, 2017. 4(2): p. 4061–4064.
- 20. Montazeri, A., J. Javadpour, A. Khavandi, A. Tcharkhtchi and A. Mohajeri, Mechanical properties of multi-walled carbon nanotube/epoxy composites. Materials & Design, 2010. 31(9): p. 4202–4208.
- 21. Montazeri, A. and N. Montazeri, Viscoelastic and mechanical properties of multi walled carbon nanotube/epoxy composites with different nanotube content. Materials & Design, 2011. 32(4): p. 2301–2307.
- 22. Salman, K.D., S.A. Aziez and A.H. Alwan, Effect of single walled carbon nanotubes on mechanical properties of nanocomposites. Journal of Mechanical Engineering Research and Developments, 2020. 43(3): p. 144–153.
- 23. Gojny, F., M. Wichmann, B. Fiedler and K. Schulte, Influence of different carbon nanotubes on the mechanical properties of epoxy matrix composites – A comparative study. Composites Science and Technology, 2005. 65(15–16): p. 2300–2313.
- 24. Ismail, H., A.F. Ramly and N. Othman, Effects of silica/multiwall carbon nanotube hybrid fillers on the properties of natural rubber nanocomposites. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2013. 128(4): p. 2433–2438.
- 25. Jia, X., B. Liu, L. Huang, D. Hui and X. Yang, Numerical analysis of synergistic reinforcing effect of silica nanoparticle–MWCNT hybrid on epoxy-based composites. Composites Part B: Engineering, 2013. 54: p. 133–137.
- 26. Cakir, M.V. and D. Kinay, MWCNT, nano‐silica, and nano‐clay additives effects on adhesion performance of dissimilar materials bonded joints. Polymer Composites, 2021. 42(11): p. 5880–5892.
- 27. Rahmanian, S., A.R. Suraya, B. Roshanravan, R.N. Othman, A.H. Nasser, R. Zahari and E.S. Zainudin, The influence of multiscale fillers on the rheological and mechanical properties of carbon-nanotube–silica-reinforced epoxy composite. Materials & Design, 2015. 88: p. 227–235.
- 28. Özbek, Ö. and M.V. Çakır, MWCNT and nano-silica hybrids effect on mechanical and fracture characterization of single lap joints of GFRP plates. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 2022. 117: 103159.
- 29. Çakır, M.V., The synergistic effect of hybrid nano-silica and GNP additives on the flexural strength and toughening mechanisms of adhesively bonded joints. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 2023. 122: 103333.
- 30. Agwa, M., S.M. Youssef, S.S. Ali-Eldin and M. Megahed, Integrated vacuum assisted resin infusion and resin transfer molding technique for manufacturing of nano-filled glass fiber reinforced epoxy composite. Journal of Industrial Textiles, 2022. 51(3_suppl): p. 5113S-5144S.
- 31. Tehrani, M., A.Y. Boroujeni, T.B. Hartman, T.P. Haugh, S.W. Case and M.S. Al-Haik, Mechanical characterization and impact damage assessment of a woven carbon fiber reinforced carbon nanotube–epoxy composite. Composites Science and Technology, 2013. 75: p. 42–48.
- 32. Ayatollahi, M.R., A. Nemati Giv, N. Razavi and H. Khoramishad, Mechanical properties of adhesively single lap-bonded joints reinforced with multi-walled carbon nanotubes and silica nanoparticles. The Journal of Adhesion, 2017. 93(11): p. 896–913.
- 33. Bulut, M., Mechanical characterization of Basalt/epoxy composite laminates containing graphene nanopellets. Composites Part B: Engineering, 2017. 122: p. 71–78.
- 34. Shen, M.-Y., W.-Y. Liao, T.-Q. Wang and W.-M. Lai, Characteristics and Mechanical Properties of Graphene Nanoplatelets-Reinforced Epoxy Nanocomposites: Comparison of Different Dispersal Mechanisms. Sustainability, 2021. 13(4): p. 1788.
- 35. Razavi, N., M.R. Ayatollahi, A. Nemati Giv and H. Khoramishad, Single lap joints bonded with structural adhesives reinforced with a mixture of silica nanoparticles and multi walled carbon nanotubes. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 2018. 80: p. 76–86.