Çokuluslu Şirketlerin Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırım Yer Seçiminde Sektör Taşıma Kapasitesinin Gerekliliği

Abstract

Çalışmamızın amacı çokuluslu şirketlerin doğrudan yabancı yatırım (DYY) yer seçim kararlarında taşıma kapasitesini yeni bir kriter olarak tanımlamaktır. Böyle bir tanımlamanın geçerliliği DYY’ler ile yatırımın yapıldığı yerdeki şirket sayıları arasında bir nedensellik ilişkisinin varlığını gerektirmektedir. Taşıma kapasitesi sektör popülasyonunun bir fonksiyonuyken DYY’ler, yer seçimi konusunda yabancı yatırımcıların kararlarını ifade etmektedir. Bu doğrultuda Türkiye’deki 2006-2016 yılları arasında Tarım, Sınai ve Hizmetler sektörlerinin 34 alt sektöründeki şirket sayıları ile aynı alt sektörlere ait DYY verileri kullanılmış; şirket sayıları ile DYY’ler arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisini araştırmak için Granger nedensellik testi uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular sonucunda 34 alt sektörün 29’unda DYY’ler ile şirket sayıları arasında nedensellik ilişkisinin varlığı tespit edilmiştir. Sadece 2 alt sektörde nedensellik ilişkisi bulunamamıştır. 3 alt sektörde ise eksik veriden dolayı analiz yapılması mümkün olmamıştır. Ortaya konulan sonuçlar taşıma kapasitesinin çokuluslu şirketlerin DYY yer seçimi kararlarında bir kriter olarak kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir. Çalışmanın bu ana sonucunun yanında Tarım, Sınai ve Hizmetler sektörlerinin taşıma kapasitelerine ilişkin analiz ve değerlendirmeler  ışığında yatırım kararına yönelik öngörüler de sunulmuştur. 

The Necessity of Sector Carrying Capacity in Multinational Companies' FDI Location Choice

Abstract

The aim of this study is to define the carrying capacity as a new criterion in multinational companies’ foreign direct investment (FDI) location choice. The validity of such a definition requires the existence of a causal relationship between FDI and the number of companies at the investment location. As carrying capacity is a function of the sector population, FDI refers to the decisions of foreign investors regarding location choice. With this in mind, the company numbers and FDI data used belonging to 34 sub-sectors of Agriculture, Industry and Services sectors in Turkey between the years of 2006-2016 were analyzed. The Granger causality test was applied to investigate the causal relationship between the company numbers and FDI. As a result of the findings, a causality relationship between the number of companies and FDI was determined in 29 of the 34 sub-sectors. A causality relationship could not be found in 2 sub-sectors. Analysis was not possible in the remaining 3 sub-sectors because of a lack of data. The results show that carrying capacity can be used as decision criterion in multinational companies’ FDI location choice. In addition to this main result of the study, predictions for the investment decision are presented in the light of the analyses along with evaluations of the carrying capacity of the Agriculture, Industrial and Services sectors.

Keywords

• Multinational companies,Foreign direct investment,Location choice,Carrying capacity,Granger Causality Test

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