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Evaluation of Educators’ Experiences and Practices of Inclusive Education in Primary Schools: A South African Perspective

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 12, 255 - 263, 11.11.2022
https://doi.org/10.31458/iejes.1194397

Öz

This research evaluates educators’ experiences and practices of Inclusive Education in primary schools in South Africa. The educators who serve as role models, nevertheless, do not seem to truly grasp the idea of Inclusive Education. The study used a qualitative research approach based on the interpretative research paradigm to investigate educators' understanding, experiences, and practices of Inclusive Education. The fourteen participants, who included two school principals, two deputy principals, five teachers, and five members of the school-based support team, were chosen through a purposeful sampling process. Five primary schools in the Warmbaths region in Limpopo Province were used to select the participants. With each participant, semi-structured one-on-one interviews were conducted. Thematic analysis was done to examine and analyse the data. The findings showed the varying perspectives on Inclusive Education, including views based on children's rights, abilities and disabilities, and quality, equity, and fairness for all children. This is further shown by the lack of improvement in stakeholders’ ability to recognise learners who experienced barriers to learning. Educators lack adequate knowledge to implement Inclusive Education successfully. In addition, it was discovered that teaching an inclusive class was quite demanding on educators regarding planning, organising, and curriculum delivery. This study suggests that educators should use a combination of traditional teaching methods and digitally mediated learning to effectively meet the needs of all students, regardless of their learning abilities. Furthermore, educators should be provided with continuous professional development to empower them to meet the educational expectations of all learners.

Kaynakça

  • Alquraini, T., & Dianne Gut, D. (2012). Critical components of successful inclusion of students with severe disabilities: literature review. International Journal of Special Education, 27(1), 42-59.
  • Armstrong, D. (2017). Wicked problems in special and inclusive education. Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs, 17(4), 229-236.
  • Armstrong, D. (1998). Changing faces, changing places: Policy routes to inclusion. In P. Clough (Ed.), Managing inclusive education: From policy to experience, 31-47. London: Paul Chapman.
  • Artiles, A. J., Kozleski, E. B., Dorn, S., & Christensen, C. (2006). Learning in inclusive education research: e-mediating theory and methods with a transformative agenda. Review of Research in Education, 30 (1), 65-108. https://doi.org/10.3102/0091732X030001065
  • Avramidis, E., & Norwich, B. (2002). Teachers ’attitudes towards integration / inclusion: a review of the literature. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 17 (2).
  • Borg, S. (2011). The impact of in-service teacher education on language teachers’ beliefs. School of Education, University of Leeds. UK. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2011.07.009
  • Buli-Holmberg, J., Nilsen, S., & Skogen, K. (2019). Inclusion for pupils with special educational needs in individualistic and collaborative school cultures. International Journal of Special Education, 34 (1), 68–82.
  • Dalton, E.M., McKenzie, J.A., Kahonde, C., (2012). The implementation of inclusive education in South Africa: Reflections arising from a workshop for teachers and therapists to introduce universal design for learning. African Journal of Disability 1(1). https://doi.org/10.4102/ajod.viii.13
  • Department of Education, (1995). White paper on education and training, Government Gazette, no 16312, 15 March 1995.
  • Department of Education, (2001). Education white paper 6 special needs education: Building an inclusive education and training system. Department of Education: South Africa.
  • Department of Education, (2010). Guidelines for inclusive teaching and learning. Pretoria: Government printers.
  • Department of Basic Education, (2014). Policy on screening, identification, assessment, and support. Pretoria: Government Printers.
  • Engelbrecht, P. (2006). The implementation of inclusive education in South Africa after ten years of democracy, European Journal of Psychology of Education-EJPE, 21(3), 253-264.
  • Engelbrecht, P., Swart, E., & Eloff, I. (2001). Stress and coping skills of teachers with a learner down’s syndrome in inclusive classrooms. South African Journal of Education, 21(4), 256-260.
  • Florian, L., & Black-Hawkins, K. (2011). Exploring inclusive pedagogy. British Educational Research Journal, 37 (5), 813-828. https://doi.org/10.1080/01411926.2010.501096
  • Fullan, M. (2007). The new meaning of educational change, (4th Edition). New York: Teachers College Press.
  • Forlin, C., & Chambers, D. (2011). Teachers’ preparation for inclusive education: Increasing knowledge but raising concerns. Asia-Pacific Journal of teacher education, 2(7), 124-126.
  • Forlin, C., & Loreman, T. (2014). Conceptualising and measuring inclusive education. International Perspectives on Inclusive Education, 3-17. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1 479-363620140000003015
  • Hays, R. (2009). Inclusive education: educator’s perceptions of teaching learners with emotional, cognitive and physical barriers to learning. Unpublished – master’s thesis, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa.
  • Hehir, T., Silvana, & Pascucci, C. (2016). A summary of the evidence on inclusive education. Cambridge.
  • Ineke, M.P.C., Markova, M., Krischler, M., & Krolak-Schwerdt, S. (2018). Promoting inclusive education: The role of teacher’s competence and attitudes. Insights into Learning Disabilities, 15(1), 49-63.
  • Isaksson, J. & R. Lindqvist, R. (2015). What is the meaning of special education? Problem representations in Swedish policy documents: late 1970s–2014. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 30 (1), 122-137.
  • Juvonen, J., Lessard, L.M., Rastogi, R., Schacter, H.L., & Smith, D.S. (2019). Promoting social inclusion in educational settings: Challenges and opportunities. Educational Psychologist, 54, 250-270. https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520.2019.1655645
  • Kirk, S.A., Gllagher, J.J., Anastasiow, N.J., & Coleman, M.R. (2006). Educating exceptional children (10th ed.). Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
  • Kunter, M., Frenzel, A., Nagy, G., Baumert, J., & Pekrun, R. (2011). Teacher enthusiasm: Dimensionality and context specificity. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 36(4), 289-301.
  • Kuroda, K., Kartika, D., & Kitamura, Y. (2017). Implications for teacher training and support for inclusive education in Cambodia: An empirical case study in a developing country. JICA Research Institute.
  • Lambe, J., & Bones, R. (2007). The effect of School- based practice on student teachers’ attitudes towards inclusive education in Northern Ireland, Journal of Education for Teaching, 33(1), 99-113. https://doi.org/10.1080/02607470601098369
  • Lebona, T.G. (2013). The implementation of inclusive education in primary schools in the Lejweleputswa education district. Magister Educationist in the faculty of Humanities at the Central University of Technology, Free State, South Africa.
  • Makoelle, T.M. (2014). Exploring effective teaching practices for inclusion: A case of a South African secondary school. International Journal of Education Science, 7(1), 183-192.
  • Mitchell, D. (2015). “Inclusive education is a multi-faceted concept.” C.E.P.S Journal, 5 (1), https://doi.org/10.26529/cepsj.151
  • Mukhopadhyay, S. (2013). Voices of experience: Botswana primary school teachers on inclusive education. European Journal of Educational Studies, 5(1), 77-85.
  • Nilholm, C., & Göransson K. (2017). What is meant by inclusion? An analysis of European and North American journal articles with high impact, European Journal of special needs education, 32(3), 437-451. https://doi.org/10.1080/08656257.2017.1295638
  • Odom, S.L., Buysse, V., & Soukakou, E. (2011). Inclusion for young children with disabilities: A quarter century of research perspectives. Journal of Early Intervention, 33(4), 344-356.
  • Roberts, J., & Simpson, K. (2016). A review of research into stakeholder perspectives on inclusion of students with autism in mainstream schools. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 20(10), 1084-1096.
  • Sharma, U., Simi, J., & Forlin, C. (2015). Preparedness of pre-service teachers for inclusive education in the Solomon islands. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 40(5), 103-116. https://doi.org/10.14221/ajte.2015v40n5.6.
  • Sigstad, H.M.H., (2017). The role of special education teachers in facilitating peer relationships among students with mild intellectual disabilities in lower secondary school. Journal of Intellectual Disabilitiesi, 22(4), 378-393. https://doi.org/10.1177/1744629517715788 .
  • Sigstad, H.M.H., Buli-Holmberg, J., & Morken, I. (2021). Succeeding in inclusive practices in school in Norway-A qualitative study from a teacher perspective. European Journal of Special Needs Education, https://doi.org/10.1080/08856257.2021.1997481 .
  • Stofile, S. Y. (2008). Factors affecting the implementation of inclusive education policy: A case study in one province in South Africa (Doctoral dissertation), University of the Western Cape.
  • UNESCO. (2017). A guide for ensuring inclusion and equity in education. Paris: UNESCO. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000248254.
  • UNESCO. (1990). World Conference on EFA, Jomtien, 1990 | Education | UNESCO. Retrieved 1 October 2022, from, https://www.unesco.org/en/education.
  • UNESCO. (1994). The salamanca statement and framework for action on special needs education. Paris: UNESCO.
  • UNESCO. (2007). A human rights-based approach to education for all: A framework for the realisation of children’s right to education and rights within education. NY: UNICEF.
  • UNESCO. (2021). Sub-education policy review report: Inclusive education. Jakarta: UNESCO. World Health Organisation (2011). World report on disability. The world Bank.
  • Qi, J., & Ha, A. S. (2012). Inclusion in physical education: A review of literature. International Journal of Disability Development and Education, 59(3), 257-281. https://doi.org/10.1080/1034912X.2012.697737
  • Ydo, Y. (2020). Inclusive education: Global priority, collective responsibility. Prospects, 49, 97-101. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11125-020-09520-y

Evaluation of Educators’ Experiences and Practices of Inclusive Education in Primary Schools: A South African Perspective

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 12, 255 - 263, 11.11.2022
https://doi.org/10.31458/iejes.1194397

Öz

This research evaluates educators’ experiences and practices of Inclusive Education in primary schools in South Africa. The educators who serve as role models, nevertheless, do not seem to truly grasp the idea of Inclusive Education. The study used a qualitative research approach based on the interpretative research paradigm to investigate educators' understanding, experiences, and practices of Inclusive Education. The fourteen participants, who included two school principals, two deputy principals, five teachers, and five members of the school-based support team, were chosen through a purposeful sampling process. Five primary schools in the Warmbaths region in Limpopo Province were used to select the participants. With each participant, semi-structured one-on-one interviews were conducted. Thematic analysis was done to examine and analyse the data. The findings showed the varying perspectives on Inclusive Education, including views based on children's rights, abilities and disabilities, and quality, equity, and fairness for all children. This is further shown by the lack of improvement in stakeholders’ ability to recognise learners who experienced barriers to learning. Educators lack adequate knowledge to implement Inclusive Education successfully. In addition, it was discovered that teaching an inclusive class was quite demanding on educators regarding planning, organising, and curriculum delivery. This study suggests that educators should use a combination of traditional teaching methods and digitally mediated learning to effectively meet the needs of all students, regardless of their learning abilities. Furthermore, educators should be provided with continuous professional development to empower them to meet the educational expectations of all learners.

Kaynakça

  • Alquraini, T., & Dianne Gut, D. (2012). Critical components of successful inclusion of students with severe disabilities: literature review. International Journal of Special Education, 27(1), 42-59.
  • Armstrong, D. (2017). Wicked problems in special and inclusive education. Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs, 17(4), 229-236.
  • Armstrong, D. (1998). Changing faces, changing places: Policy routes to inclusion. In P. Clough (Ed.), Managing inclusive education: From policy to experience, 31-47. London: Paul Chapman.
  • Artiles, A. J., Kozleski, E. B., Dorn, S., & Christensen, C. (2006). Learning in inclusive education research: e-mediating theory and methods with a transformative agenda. Review of Research in Education, 30 (1), 65-108. https://doi.org/10.3102/0091732X030001065
  • Avramidis, E., & Norwich, B. (2002). Teachers ’attitudes towards integration / inclusion: a review of the literature. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 17 (2).
  • Borg, S. (2011). The impact of in-service teacher education on language teachers’ beliefs. School of Education, University of Leeds. UK. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2011.07.009
  • Buli-Holmberg, J., Nilsen, S., & Skogen, K. (2019). Inclusion for pupils with special educational needs in individualistic and collaborative school cultures. International Journal of Special Education, 34 (1), 68–82.
  • Dalton, E.M., McKenzie, J.A., Kahonde, C., (2012). The implementation of inclusive education in South Africa: Reflections arising from a workshop for teachers and therapists to introduce universal design for learning. African Journal of Disability 1(1). https://doi.org/10.4102/ajod.viii.13
  • Department of Education, (1995). White paper on education and training, Government Gazette, no 16312, 15 March 1995.
  • Department of Education, (2001). Education white paper 6 special needs education: Building an inclusive education and training system. Department of Education: South Africa.
  • Department of Education, (2010). Guidelines for inclusive teaching and learning. Pretoria: Government printers.
  • Department of Basic Education, (2014). Policy on screening, identification, assessment, and support. Pretoria: Government Printers.
  • Engelbrecht, P. (2006). The implementation of inclusive education in South Africa after ten years of democracy, European Journal of Psychology of Education-EJPE, 21(3), 253-264.
  • Engelbrecht, P., Swart, E., & Eloff, I. (2001). Stress and coping skills of teachers with a learner down’s syndrome in inclusive classrooms. South African Journal of Education, 21(4), 256-260.
  • Florian, L., & Black-Hawkins, K. (2011). Exploring inclusive pedagogy. British Educational Research Journal, 37 (5), 813-828. https://doi.org/10.1080/01411926.2010.501096
  • Fullan, M. (2007). The new meaning of educational change, (4th Edition). New York: Teachers College Press.
  • Forlin, C., & Chambers, D. (2011). Teachers’ preparation for inclusive education: Increasing knowledge but raising concerns. Asia-Pacific Journal of teacher education, 2(7), 124-126.
  • Forlin, C., & Loreman, T. (2014). Conceptualising and measuring inclusive education. International Perspectives on Inclusive Education, 3-17. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1 479-363620140000003015
  • Hays, R. (2009). Inclusive education: educator’s perceptions of teaching learners with emotional, cognitive and physical barriers to learning. Unpublished – master’s thesis, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa.
  • Hehir, T., Silvana, & Pascucci, C. (2016). A summary of the evidence on inclusive education. Cambridge.
  • Ineke, M.P.C., Markova, M., Krischler, M., & Krolak-Schwerdt, S. (2018). Promoting inclusive education: The role of teacher’s competence and attitudes. Insights into Learning Disabilities, 15(1), 49-63.
  • Isaksson, J. & R. Lindqvist, R. (2015). What is the meaning of special education? Problem representations in Swedish policy documents: late 1970s–2014. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 30 (1), 122-137.
  • Juvonen, J., Lessard, L.M., Rastogi, R., Schacter, H.L., & Smith, D.S. (2019). Promoting social inclusion in educational settings: Challenges and opportunities. Educational Psychologist, 54, 250-270. https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520.2019.1655645
  • Kirk, S.A., Gllagher, J.J., Anastasiow, N.J., & Coleman, M.R. (2006). Educating exceptional children (10th ed.). Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
  • Kunter, M., Frenzel, A., Nagy, G., Baumert, J., & Pekrun, R. (2011). Teacher enthusiasm: Dimensionality and context specificity. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 36(4), 289-301.
  • Kuroda, K., Kartika, D., & Kitamura, Y. (2017). Implications for teacher training and support for inclusive education in Cambodia: An empirical case study in a developing country. JICA Research Institute.
  • Lambe, J., & Bones, R. (2007). The effect of School- based practice on student teachers’ attitudes towards inclusive education in Northern Ireland, Journal of Education for Teaching, 33(1), 99-113. https://doi.org/10.1080/02607470601098369
  • Lebona, T.G. (2013). The implementation of inclusive education in primary schools in the Lejweleputswa education district. Magister Educationist in the faculty of Humanities at the Central University of Technology, Free State, South Africa.
  • Makoelle, T.M. (2014). Exploring effective teaching practices for inclusion: A case of a South African secondary school. International Journal of Education Science, 7(1), 183-192.
  • Mitchell, D. (2015). “Inclusive education is a multi-faceted concept.” C.E.P.S Journal, 5 (1), https://doi.org/10.26529/cepsj.151
  • Mukhopadhyay, S. (2013). Voices of experience: Botswana primary school teachers on inclusive education. European Journal of Educational Studies, 5(1), 77-85.
  • Nilholm, C., & Göransson K. (2017). What is meant by inclusion? An analysis of European and North American journal articles with high impact, European Journal of special needs education, 32(3), 437-451. https://doi.org/10.1080/08656257.2017.1295638
  • Odom, S.L., Buysse, V., & Soukakou, E. (2011). Inclusion for young children with disabilities: A quarter century of research perspectives. Journal of Early Intervention, 33(4), 344-356.
  • Roberts, J., & Simpson, K. (2016). A review of research into stakeholder perspectives on inclusion of students with autism in mainstream schools. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 20(10), 1084-1096.
  • Sharma, U., Simi, J., & Forlin, C. (2015). Preparedness of pre-service teachers for inclusive education in the Solomon islands. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 40(5), 103-116. https://doi.org/10.14221/ajte.2015v40n5.6.
  • Sigstad, H.M.H., (2017). The role of special education teachers in facilitating peer relationships among students with mild intellectual disabilities in lower secondary school. Journal of Intellectual Disabilitiesi, 22(4), 378-393. https://doi.org/10.1177/1744629517715788 .
  • Sigstad, H.M.H., Buli-Holmberg, J., & Morken, I. (2021). Succeeding in inclusive practices in school in Norway-A qualitative study from a teacher perspective. European Journal of Special Needs Education, https://doi.org/10.1080/08856257.2021.1997481 .
  • Stofile, S. Y. (2008). Factors affecting the implementation of inclusive education policy: A case study in one province in South Africa (Doctoral dissertation), University of the Western Cape.
  • UNESCO. (2017). A guide for ensuring inclusion and equity in education. Paris: UNESCO. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000248254.
  • UNESCO. (1990). World Conference on EFA, Jomtien, 1990 | Education | UNESCO. Retrieved 1 October 2022, from, https://www.unesco.org/en/education.
  • UNESCO. (1994). The salamanca statement and framework for action on special needs education. Paris: UNESCO.
  • UNESCO. (2007). A human rights-based approach to education for all: A framework for the realisation of children’s right to education and rights within education. NY: UNICEF.
  • UNESCO. (2021). Sub-education policy review report: Inclusive education. Jakarta: UNESCO. World Health Organisation (2011). World report on disability. The world Bank.
  • Qi, J., & Ha, A. S. (2012). Inclusion in physical education: A review of literature. International Journal of Disability Development and Education, 59(3), 257-281. https://doi.org/10.1080/1034912X.2012.697737
  • Ydo, Y. (2020). Inclusive education: Global priority, collective responsibility. Prospects, 49, 97-101. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11125-020-09520-y
Toplam 45 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Eğitim Üzerine Çalışmalar
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Kentse Legodi-rakgalakane Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-1001-9007

Matsolo Mokhampanyane 0000-0002-3674-2183

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 31 Ekim 2022
Yayımlanma Tarihi 11 Kasım 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 25 Ekim 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 12

Kaynak Göster

APA Legodi-rakgalakane, K., & Mokhampanyane, M. (2022). Evaluation of Educators’ Experiences and Practices of Inclusive Education in Primary Schools: A South African Perspective. International E-Journal of Educational Studies, 6(12), 255-263. https://doi.org/10.31458/iejes.1194397

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