Plasentaya Spiritüel Yaklaşım: Lotus Doğum

Öz

Plasenta, gebelik süresince anne ve bebek arasındaki yaşamsal bağı oluşturur. Hayat ağacı olarak da adlandırılan plasenta spiritüel bir niteliğe de sahiptir. Plasentanın spiritüel yönüyle ele alındığı doğum ritüeline lotus doğum denir. Lotus doğumda, bebeğin doğumunu takip eden süreçte umbilikal kord klemplenmez ve plasenta doğduktan sonra umbilikal kord kendiliğinden düşene kadar (3-7 gün) özel bitkilerle muhafaza edilir. Lotus doğum felsefesinde, plasentanın bebeğin bir parçası olduğu ve birbirlerinden ayrılmalarının doğal akışa bırakılması gerektiği savunulur. Lotus doğum ile ilgili bilimsel araştırmalar oldukça sınırlıdır. Bu derlemenin amacı lotus doğumun yenidoğan açısından yararlarını ve risklerini ele almaktır. PubMed ve ScienceDirect veritabanlarında “lotus birth”, “placenta” ve “umbilical non-severance” anahtar kelimeleri taranmıştır. Tarama sonucunda lotus doğum ile ilgili sadece olgu sunumlarının olduğu saptanmıştır. Bazı olgu sunumlarında lotus doğumun faydalı olduğundan söz edilirken bazılarında lotus doğumun riskli olduğundan söz edilmektedir. Sonuç olarak lotus doğumun ten tene teması sürdürmeye yardımcı olması ve bebeğin ekstrauterin hayata uyumu kolaylaştırması gibi çeşitli yararları mevcuttur. Ancak enfeksiyon, hiperbilirubinemi ve idiyopaik hepatit gibi çeşitli riskli durumlara yol açması söz konusudur. Lotus doğum ile ilgili vaka-kontrol ve randomize kontrollü çalışmaların yapılması önerilebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Lotus doğum
• plasenta
• fayda
• risk
• umbilikal kord

Spiritual Approach to the Placenta: Lotus Birth

Öz

The placenta is a vital link between mother and baby during pregnancy. The placenta is named the tree of life, which has a spiritual side. In lotus birth, the placenta is treated spiritually. Lotus birth is without clamping of the umbilical cord following the birth of the baby and preservation of the placenta by special plants until its fall (3-7 days) spontaneously. According to this philosophy, it is claiming that the placenta is a part of the baby and the separation of the placenta should be left to the natural process. The review aims to examine the benefits and risks of lotus birth in terms of the newborn. In the PubMed and ScienceDirect databases, “lotus birth” “placenta” and “umbilical non-severance” as the keywords have been searched. In this review, only case reports about lotus birth were found. It is mentioned that lotus birth is beneficial in some case reports while other studies state that lotus birth is a potential risk for a newborn. As a result, the lotus birth has many benefits, such as helping maintain skin-to-skin care and facilitating the adaptation of the newborn to extrauterine life. But there is a risk of infection, hyperbilirubinemia, idiopathic hepatitis, neonatal omphalitis, etc. It is suggested that case-control and randomized controlled trials on lotus birth be carried out.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• midwifery
• lotus birth
• placenta
• spirituality
• umbilical cord

Kaynakça

1. Zinsser LA. Lotus birth, a holistic approach on physiological cord clamping. Women Birth. 2018;31(2):73-76. doi:10.1016/ j.wombi.2017.08.127.
2. Buckley SJ. Lotus birth: a ritual for our times. Midwifery Today Int Midwife. 2003;(67):36-38.
3. Gönenç İM, Aker MN, Ay E. Qualitative study on the experience of lotus birth. JOGNN. 2019;48(6):645-653.
4. Flick AA, Kahn DA. Maternal Physiology During Pregnancy & Fetal & Early Neonatal Physiology. In: Decherney AH, Nathan L, Laufer N and Roman AS eds. Current Diagnosis & Treatment: Obstetrics & Gynecology. 11th ed. United States of America: McGraw Hill Medical Books; 2013:171-176.
5. Bailey J. The placenta. In: Marshall J and Raynor M eds. Myles Textbook for Midwives. 16th ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; 2014:103-104.
6. James JL, Chamley LW. Structure and development of the human placenta. In: Parolini O, ed. Placenta: The Tree of Life. 1st ed. Florida: CRC Press; 2016:2-10.
7. Burns E. More than clinical waste? Placenta rituals among Australian home-birthing women. J Perinat Educ. 2014;23(1):41-49. doi:10.1891/1058-1243.23.1.41.
8. Donna S. Birth: Countdown to Optimal-Inspiration and Information for Pregnant Women. 2nd ed. United Kingdom: Fresh Heart Publishing; 2011:35-37.

9. Hayes Hart E. Placentophagy, lotus birth, and other placenta practices: what does the evidence tell us? J Perinat Neonatal Nurs. 2019;33(2):99-102.
10. Kamaruddin NK, Ramli MA, Wahab RA. Polemik amalan lotus birth dari perspektif hukum islam: the polemic of lotus birth practice from islamic law perspective. Jurnal Fiq. 2018;15:1-40.
11. Rachana S. Lotus Birth: Leaving The Umbilical Cord İntact. 2nd ed. Book Baby; 2013.
12. Madhu M, Prasanna S. Lotus birth – a bird view. Int J Ayu Pharm Chem. 2019;11(1):216-223.
13. World Health Organization. Delayed umbilical cord clamping. Intrapartum care for a positive childbirth experience, Geneva 2018. World Health Organization. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/260178/9789241550215eng.pdf?sequence=1 Erişim tarihi 15 Şubat 2022.
14. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists ACOG. Delayed umbilical cord clamping after birth. Obstet and Gynecol. 2017;139(6):232-233. doi:https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2017-0957.
15. McDonald SJ, Middleton P, Dowswell T, Morris PS. Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping of term infants on maternal and neonatal outcomes. Evidence‐Based Child Health: A Cochrane Review Journal. 2013;9(2):303-397. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/ebch.1971.
16. Kaempf JW, Tomlinson MW, Kaempf AJ, et al. Delayed umbilical cord clamping in premature neonates. Obstet Gynecol. 2012;120(2):325–330. doi:10.1097/AOG.0b013e31825f269f.
17. Williams V. Lotus birthing international. In: Williams V. ed. Celebrating Life Custom Around The World: From Baby Showers to Funerals. United States of America: ABC-CLIO; 2017.
18. Monroe KK, Rubin A, Mychaliska KP, Skoczylas M, Burrows HL. Lotus birth: a case series report on umbilical nonseverance. Clin Pediatr. 2019;58(1):88-94.
19. Hanum P, Nasution SW. Efektifitas metode lotus birth Terhadap Kejadian Anemia Defisiensi zat besi pada bayi. JUMANTIK. 2019; 4(2):213-219.
20. Tricarico A, Bianco V, Di Biase AR, Iughetti L, Ferrari F, Berardi A. Lotus birth associated with idiopathic neonatal hepatitis. Pediatr Neonatol. 2017;58(3):281–282. doi:10.1016/j.pedneo.2015.11.010.
21. Ittleman BR, Szabo JS. Staphylococcus lugdunensis sepsis and endocarditis in a newborn following lotus birth. Cardiol Young. 2018;28(11):1367-1369. doi:10.1017/S1047951118001300.
22. Steer‐Massaro C. Neonatal omphalitis after Lotus birth. J Midwifery Womens Health. 2020;65(2):271-275.
23. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG). RCOG statement on umbilical non-severance or “lotus birth”. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG). https://www.rcog.org.uk/en/news/rcog-statement-on-umbilical-non-severance-or-lotus-birth/2008. Yayınlanma tarihi 2008. Erişim tarihi 5 Şubat 2022.
24. Department of Health Western Australia. Management of a Lotus Birth. Community Midwifery Program. Department of Health Western Australia. http://kemh.health.wa.gov.au/development/manuals/O&G_guidelines/community_midwifery_program/Intrapartum%20Care/CMP%20Management%20of%20a%20Lotus%20Birth.pdf. Yayınlanma Tarihi 2015. Erişim tarihi 1 Ocak 2022.
25. Bonsignore A, Buffelli F, Ciliberti R, Ventura F, Molinelli A, Fulcheri E. Medico-legal considerations on “Lotus Birth” in the Italian legislative framework. Riv Ital Pediatr. 2019;45(1):1-6.