Care Behaviors of Nursing Students and the Influencing Factors: A Comparative Study

Öz

Aim: This study was conducted to determine the care behavior perceptions of Turkish and foreign students who were continuing their education in Turkey and the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus as well as the influencing factors and if there was a difference between their care behavior perceptions.

Method: The sample of the descriptive and correlational study was composed of the nursing students of a Foundation University in Istanbul and a university in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC). 651 students who agreed to participate in the study were included in the study. The data were collected with Student Information Form and Care Behaviors Inventory-24 (CBI-24). Frequency, mean, standard deviation, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Shapiro Wilk-W test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to analyze the data.

Results: It was determined that the mean age of the students was 21,30±2,92. CBI-24 mean scores of the students were 5,22±0,70. CBI-24 mean score of the students who were willing chose the nursing profession, stated that caregiving is the main task of the nurse, and had the experience of giving and receiving the care was found to be higher (p<0.05).

Conclusion: It was determined that the care behaviors perceptions of the students were in a good level and the care behaviors perceptions of the students were affected by the factors like gender, grade, nationality, preferring the profession willingly, feeling sufficient about understanding patients and choosing the nursing profession again if they had another chance. In line with these results, it is recommended to ensure that students willingly prefer the profession and to carry out practices to ensure the continuity of positive care behaviors of students during the nursing education.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Care behaviors
• nursing students
• nursing care

Hemşirelik Öğrencilerinin Bakım Davranışları ve Etkileyen Faktörler: Karşılaştırmalı Bir Çalışma

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışma ile Türkiye ve Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti’nde öğrenimine devam eden Türk ve yabancı uyruklu öğrencilerin bakım davranışı algılarını, etkileyen faktörleri ve öğrenciler arasında bakım davranışı algılarında fark olup olmadığını belirlemek amacıyla gerçekleştirildi.

Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı ve ilişki arayıcı tipte yapılan araştırmanın örneklemini İstanbul’da bir Vakıf Üniversitesi ile Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti (KKTC)’deki bir üniversitenin hemşirelik öğrencileri oluşturmuştur. Çalışmaya katılmayı kabul eden 651 öğrenci araştırmaya dahil edilmiştir. Veriler Öğrenci Tanıtım Formu ve Bakım Davranışları Ölçeği-24 (BDÖ-24) ile toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde frekans, ortalama, standart sapma, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Shapıro Wilk-W testi, Mann-Whitney U ve Kruskal-Wallis testi kullanılmıştır.

Bulgular: Öğrencilerin yaş ortalaması 21,30±2,92’dir. Öğrencilerin BDÖ-24 ortalama puanı 5,22±0,70’dir. Hemşirelik mesleğini isteyerek seçen, bakım vermenin hemşirenin temel görevi olduğunu belirten, bakım verme ve bakım alma deneyimi olan öğrencilerin BDÖ-24 ortalama puanının daha yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur (p<0.05).

Sonuç: Öğrencilerin bakım davranışları algılamalarının iyi düzeyde olduğu; öğrencilerin bakım davranışları algılamalarını cinsiyet, sınıf, uyruk, mesleği isteyerek tercih etme, hastaları anlama konusunda kendilerini yeterli hissetme ve başka seçeneğini olsa yine de hemşirelik mesleğini seçme gibi faktörlerin etkilediği belirlenmiştir. Bu sonuçlar doğrultusunda; öğrencilerin mesleği isteyerek tercih etmelerinin sağlanması; hemşirelik eğitimi süresince öğrencilerin olumlu bakım davranışlarının sürekliliğinin sağlanmasına yönelik uygulamaların yapılması önerilmektedir. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bakım davranışları
• hemşirelik öğrencileri
• hemşirelik bakımı

Kaynakça

1. Dalpezzo NK. Nursing care: a concept analysis. Nursing Forum. 2009;44(4):256-264. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6198.2009.00151.x.
2. Gul S. Nursıng care in the light of care concept and affecting factors. Journal of Acibadem University Health Science. 2019;10(2):129-134. doi:10.31067/0.2019.134.
3. Li YS, Yu WP, Yang BH, Liu CF. A comparison of the caring behaviours of nursing students and registered nurses: implications for nursing education. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 2016;25(21-22):3317-3325. doi: 10.1111/jocn.13397.
4. Akın Korhan E, Lydia H. Self, Treatment and Care Theory. In: Karadağ A, Çalışkan N, Göçmen Baykara Z, eds. Nursing Theories and Models. 1st eds. İstanbul: Academy Inc; 2017:300-325.
5. McFarland M, Leininger M. Culture Care Theory of Diversity and Universality. In: Tomey AM, Alligood MR, eds. Nursing Theorists and Their Work. 6nd ed. St. Louis Missouri: Mosby Inc; 2006:472-496.
6. Pokerny ME. Nursing Theorists of Historical Significance. In: Alligood MR, ed. Nursing Theorists and Their Work. 9nd ed. St. Louis Missouri: Mosby Inc; 2013:14-15.
7. Khouri R. Impact of an educational program on nursing students’ caring and self-perception in intensive clinical training in Jordan. Advances in Medical Education and Practice. 2011;2:173-185. doi: 10.2147/AMEP.S65465.
8. Bassett C. Educating for care: a review of the literature. Nurse Education Practice. 2001;1(2):64-72. doi: 10.1054/nepr.2001.0009.

9. Murphy F, Jones S, Edwards M, James J, Mayer A. The impact of nurse education on the caring behaviours of nursing students. Nurse Education Today. 2009;29(2):254-264. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2008.08.016.
10. Mlinar S. First-and third-year student nurses’ perceptions of caring behaviours. Nursing Ethics. 2010;17(4):491-500. https://doi.org/10.1177/0969733010364903.
11. Wu Y, Larrabee JH, Putman HP. Caring behaviors inventory: a reduction of the 42-item instrument. Nursing Research. 2006;55(1):18-25. doi: 10.1097/00006199-200601000-00003.
12. Kursun S, Kanan N. Validity and reliability study of the Turkish version of caring behaviors ınventory-24. Journal of Anatolia Nursing and Health Sciences. 2012;15(4):229-235.
13. Cosansu G. Some concepts related to data analysis. In; Erdoğan S, Nahcivan N, Esin N, eds. Research in Nursing Process, Application and Critical. 4. Eds. Istanbul: Nobel Medical Bookstore; 2014:237-279.
14. Erenoglu R, Can R, Tambag H. Tambag H. Nursing care behaviors and factors related to care behaviors; maternity hospital. Health and Society. 2019;29(1):79-88.
15. Papastavrou E, Efstathiou G, Tsangari H, et. al. A cross‐cultural study of the concept of caring through behaviours: patients’ and nurses’ perspectives in six different EU countries. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 2012;68(5):1026-1037. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2011.05807.x2012;68:1026-1037.
16. Birimoglu C, Ayaz S. Nursing students’ perceptions of caring behaviors. Journal of Hacettepe University Faculty of Nursing. 2015;2(3):40-48.
17. Labrague LJ, McEnroe‐Petitte DM, Papathanasiou IV, Edet OB, Arulappan J. Impact of instructors’ caring on students’ perceptions of their own caring behaviors. Journal of Nursing Scholarship. 2015;47(4): 338-346. doi: 10.1111/jnu.12139.
18. He T, Du Y, Wang L, Zhong ZF, Ye XC, Liu XH. Perceptions of caring in China: patient and nurse questionnaire survey. International Nursing Review. 2013;60(84):487-493. https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.12058.
19. Cerit B, Coskun S. Patients’ and nurses’ perceptions relating to the nursing care quality. Turkish Journal of Clinics Laboratory. 2018;9(2):103-109. doi:10.18663/tjcl.380674.
20. Korlou C, Papathanassoglou E, Patiraki E. Caring behaviors in cancer care in Greece, comparison of patients’, their caregivers’ and nurse’s perceptions. European Journal of Oncology Nursing. 2015;19(3):244-250. doi: 10.1016/j.ejon.2014.11.005.
21. Burtson PL, Stichler JF. Nursing work environment and nurse caring: relationship among motivational factors. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 2010;66(8):1819-1831. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2010.05336.x.
22. Demirbag BC, Kurt Y, Ozkan CG, Bayrak B, Kavgacı A, Ozbey H. The determination of the care behaviours of nurses and its evaluation by patients. Malasian Journal of Nursing. 2018;9(3):61-69.
23. Turk G, Adana F, Erol F, Cevik R, Akyıl Cevik R, Taşkıran N. The reasons for choosing the career of the nursing students and their perceptions of care behaviours. Gumushane University Journal of Health Sciences. 2018;7(3):1-10.
24. Codier E, MacNaughton NS. Are male nurses emotionally intelligent? Nursing Management. 2012;43(4):1-4. doi: 10.1097/01.NUMA.0000413355.36765.b1.
25. Arslan A, Agacdiken Alkan S. Female nurse perception among university students. Journal of Samsun Health Sciences. 2016;1(1):146-166.
26. Omari FH, AbuAlRub R, Ayasreh IR. Perceptions of patients and nurses towards nurse caring behaviors in coronary care units in Jordan. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 2013;22(21-22):3183-3191. doi:10.1111/jocn.12458.
27. Khademian Z, Vizeshfar F. Nursing students’ perceptions of the importance of caring behaviors. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 2008;61(4):456–462. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2007.04509.x.
28. Eklund-Myrskog ED. Student nurses’ understanding of caring science. Nurse Education Today. 2000;20(2):164–170. doi:10.1054/nedt.1997.0445.
29. Safadi RR, Saleh MYN, Nassar OS, Amre HM, Froelicher ES. Nursing students’ perceptions of nursing: a descriptive study of four cohorts. International Nursing Review. 2011;58(4):420-427. doi:10.1111/j.1466-7657.2011.00897.x.