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An Evaluation of El Real Decreto Ley 9/2021 The Spanish Royal Decree Accepting Delivery Platform Couriers as Employees

Year 2022, Volume: 80 Issue: 3, 785 - 817, 05.10.2022

Burcu Ezer

https://doi.org/10.26650/mecmua.2022.80.3.0003

Abstract

Discussions on working via digital platforms and the legal status of those working on digital platforms have become two significant issues in recent years. The fact that these emerging new work relations differ from traditional dependent labor relations has led to the emergence of different views on the legal status of platform workers. For various sociocultural and economic reasons, platform work has gained widespread popularity in Spain in a short time compared to most European countries, with Spain ranking as the European country with the highest ratio of workers working on digital platforms out of the overall working age population in recent years. Of these digital platforms, delivery platforms are some of the most common. Through the effects of their prevalence, the legal status of delivery platform workers has become a significant issue in Spanish Law. In particular, resolving the issue of rulings that go in different directions regarding the legal status of delivery platform couriers has become necessary with the decision on the unification of conflicting judgments. In 2020, the Spanish Supreme Court ruled that delivery platform couriers have the status of employees under Spanish Law. Following this ruling, a disputable presumption was added to Workers Law No. 2/2015 by Spanish Royal Decree No. 9/2021. Furthermore, employers and platforms that use algorithms to regulate working conditions are obliged to inform workers’ representatives about which algorithms are used. With this change in law, Spain became the first European country to accept delivery platform couriers as employees through a legal regulation. This study will first cover the Spanish Supreme Court’s ruling to unify jurisprudence and then examine the regulations enacted by Spanish Royal Decree No. 9/2021.

Keywords

Digital Platform Gig Economy Delivery Platform Platform Worker Courier Employee

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Teslimat Platformu Kuryelerini İşçi Olarak Kabul Eden İspanyol Kraliyet Kararnamesi “El Real Decreto Ley 9/2021” Üzerine Bir İnceleme

Year 2022, Volume: 80 Issue: 3, 785 - 817, 05.10.2022

Burcu Ezer

https://doi.org/10.26650/mecmua.2022.80.3.0003

Abstract

Dijital platform çalışmaya ve bu platformlarda çalışanların hukuki statüsüne yönelik tartışmalar son yıllardaki en önemli konulardan biridir. Bu yeni çalışma ilişkilerinin geleneksel bağımlı çalışma ilişkilerinden farklılıklar içermesi, platform çalışanlarının hukuki statüsüne yönelik farklı görüşlerin ortaya çıkmasına neden olmuştur. Çeşitli sosyo-kültürel ve ekonomik sebeplerle platform çalışma, İspanya’da çoğu Avrupa ülkesine kıyasla kısa sürede oldukça büyük bir yaygınlık kazanmış; İspanya, son yıllarda dijital platformlarda çalışanların çalışan nüfusa oranı en yüksek Avrupa ülkesi konumuna ulaşmıştır. Bu dijital platformların en yaygın olanlarından biri ise teslimat platformları olmuştur. Bu yaygınlığın da etkisiyle teslimat platformu çalışanlarının hukuki statüsü, İspanyol Hukukundaki en önemli konulardan biri haline gelmiştir. Özellikle teslimat platformu çalışanı kuryelerin hukuki statüsüne yönelik farklı yönde yargı kararlarına hükmedilmesiyle birlikte, konunun içtihadı birleştirme kararıyla çözülmesi bir gereklilik halini almıştır. 2020 yılında İspanyol Yüksek Mahkemesi, vermiş olduğu kararla teslimat platformu kuryelerinin İspanyol Hukukuna göre işçi statüsünde olduklarına karar vermiştir. Bu kararın ardından 9/2021 sayılı İspanyol Kraliyet Kararnamesiyle 2/2015 sayılı İşçi Kanununa teslimat platformu çalışanı kuryelerin işçi kabul edilmesine ilişkin adi bir karine eklenmiştir. Devamla, çalışma koşullarını düzenlemek adına algoritmalar kullanan işverenlere ve platformlara, işçi temsilcilerini kullanılan algoritmalar hakkında bilgilendirme yükümlülüğü getirilmiştir. Bu kanun değişikliği ile birlikte İspanya, teslimat platformu kuryelerini kanuni bir düzenlemeyle işçi olarak kabul eden ilk Avrupa ülkesi olmuştur. Bu çalışmada öncelikle İspanyol Yüksek Mahkemesinin içtihadı birleştirme kararına yer verilecek, ardından 9/2021 sayılı İspanyol Kraliyet Kararnamesiyle getirilen düzenlemeler incelenecektir.

Keywords

Dijital Platform Platform Ekonomisi Teslimat Platformu Platform Çalışanı Kurye İşçi

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There are 50 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Law in Context
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Burcu Ezer 0000-0003-4376-656X

Publication Date October 5, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 80 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Ezer, B. (2022). Teslimat Platformu Kuryelerini İşçi Olarak Kabul Eden İspanyol Kraliyet Kararnamesi “El Real Decreto Ley 9/2021” Üzerine Bir İnceleme. İstanbul Hukuk Mecmuası, 80(3), 785-817. https://doi.org/10.26650/mecmua.2022.80.3.0003
AMA Ezer B. Teslimat Platformu Kuryelerini İşçi Olarak Kabul Eden İspanyol Kraliyet Kararnamesi “El Real Decreto Ley 9/2021” Üzerine Bir İnceleme. İstanbul Hukuk Mecmuası. October 2022;80(3):785-817. doi:10.26650/mecmua.2022.80.3.0003
Chicago Ezer, Burcu. “Teslimat Platformu Kuryelerini İşçi Olarak Kabul Eden İspanyol Kraliyet Kararnamesi ‘El Real Decreto Ley 9/2021’ Üzerine Bir İnceleme”. İstanbul Hukuk Mecmuası 80, no. 3 (October 2022): 785-817. https://doi.org/10.26650/mecmua.2022.80.3.0003.
EndNote Ezer B (October 1, 2022) Teslimat Platformu Kuryelerini İşçi Olarak Kabul Eden İspanyol Kraliyet Kararnamesi “El Real Decreto Ley 9/2021” Üzerine Bir İnceleme. İstanbul Hukuk Mecmuası 80 3 785–817.
IEEE B. Ezer, “Teslimat Platformu Kuryelerini İşçi Olarak Kabul Eden İspanyol Kraliyet Kararnamesi ‘El Real Decreto Ley 9/2021’ Üzerine Bir İnceleme”, İstanbul Hukuk Mecmuası, vol. 80, no. 3, pp. 785–817, 2022, doi: 10.26650/mecmua.2022.80.3.0003.
ISNAD Ezer, Burcu. “Teslimat Platformu Kuryelerini İşçi Olarak Kabul Eden İspanyol Kraliyet Kararnamesi ‘El Real Decreto Ley 9/2021’ Üzerine Bir İnceleme”. İstanbul Hukuk Mecmuası 80/3 (October 2022), 785-817. https://doi.org/10.26650/mecmua.2022.80.3.0003.
JAMA Ezer B. Teslimat Platformu Kuryelerini İşçi Olarak Kabul Eden İspanyol Kraliyet Kararnamesi “El Real Decreto Ley 9/2021” Üzerine Bir İnceleme. İstanbul Hukuk Mecmuası. 2022;80:785–817.
MLA Ezer, Burcu. “Teslimat Platformu Kuryelerini İşçi Olarak Kabul Eden İspanyol Kraliyet Kararnamesi ‘El Real Decreto Ley 9/2021’ Üzerine Bir İnceleme”. İstanbul Hukuk Mecmuası, vol. 80, no. 3, 2022, pp. 785-17, doi:10.26650/mecmua.2022.80.3.0003.
Vancouver Ezer B. Teslimat Platformu Kuryelerini İşçi Olarak Kabul Eden İspanyol Kraliyet Kararnamesi “El Real Decreto Ley 9/2021” Üzerine Bir İnceleme. İstanbul Hukuk Mecmuası. 2022;80(3):785-817.
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